Hystrignathus ferox n.sp. and Xyo xiphacanthus n.sp. (Oxyurida: Hystrignathidae) with additional data on Carlosia tijucana Travassos & Kloss, 1957

Summary Two new species of hystrignathid nematode are described from passalid beetles in Trinidad, West Indies. Hystrignathus ferox n.sp., from the mid-gut caeca of Verres furcilabris (Esch.) is easily differentiated from H. rugosus Travassos & Kloss, 1958 and H. rescens Travassos & Kloss, 1958 on the character of the lateral alae. In H. rugosus the alae extend to the anus and in H. rescens to the vulva whereas in H. ferox n.sp. the alae are much shorter and terminate about two body-widths anterior to the vulva. Xyo xiphacanthus n.sp., from the mid-gut caeca of Veturius transversus var. trituberculatus (Esch.), is characterized by the cervical spines extending about an oesophagus length posterior to the basal bulb. No other nominal species of Xyo has the spines extending so far posteriorly. X. histrix Cobb, 1898 and X. histrix sensu Christie, 1934 are regarded as species inquirendae. Carlosia tijucana Travassos & Kloss, 1957 is illustrated and additional data provided. ac]19810415     

Batwanema gen. n. and Chokwenema gen. n. (Oxyurida,?Hystrignathidae), new nematode genera?as parasites of Passalidae (Coleoptera) from the Democratic Republic of Congo

Two new genera and species parasitizing passalid beetles from the Democratic Republic of Congo are described. Batwanema congo gen. n. et sp. n. is characterized by having females with the cervical cuticle armed with scale-like projections, arranged initially in rows of eight elements that gradually divide and form pointed spines toward the end of the spiny region, two cephalic annuli, clavate procorpus and genital tract monodelphic-prodelphic. Two Malagasian species of Artigasia Christie, 1934 were placed in this genus as B. latum (Van Waerebeke, 1973) comb. n. and B. annulatum (Van Waerebeke, 1973) comb. n. Chokwenema lepidophorum gen. n. et sp. n. is characterized by having females with the cervical cuticle armed with scale-like projections, arranged initially in rows of eight elements (similar to Batwanema) that divide gradually, forming spines; a single cephalic annule cone-like, truncated, moderately inflated; procorpus sub-cylindrical and genital tract didelphic-amphidelphic.     

A comparison of Passalidae (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia) diversity and community structure between primary and secondary tropical forest in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico

Comparison of the diversity and community structure of Coleoptera (Passalidae) collected in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico, in primary and secondary tropical forest has been carried out. The saproxylophagous beetles studied can be differentiated according to their presence in three distinct microhabitats of rotting logs: underbark, sapwood—heartwood and microhabitat generalists. Over the 2-year study period, 12 passalid species were recorded (six Passalini and six Proculini) represented by a total of 2971 individuals, collected from 234 rotting logs. The rarefaction method, the lognormal species—abundance relationship, and the nonparametric jackknife method were used to compare species richness between the habitats. The data were also fitted to log series, truncated lognormal, geometric, and broken-stick species abundance models to detect changes in community structure. The community composition of Passalidae in Los Tuxtlas did not differ ostensibly between the primary and secondary forests. Neither the mean number of individuals nor the biomass per log differed significantly. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the two habitats in terms of the number of underbark, sapwood/heartwood, and microhabitat generalist species. Different richness estimators indicated that the primary forest community is only slightly richer. The slight decrease in richness of the secondary forest is related to a decrease in dominance by certain species, as well as to a more balanced abundance distribution, which is adequately described by the broken-stick model. Complementary explanations for this pattern may be: (1) that logging reduces the abundance of dominant species, thus preventing competitive exclusion in the secondary forest; and (2) that passalid diversity is not regulated by the diversity of tree species.     

Two new genera, Crassoseta and Brachysternopsis, of the family Diplogyniidae (Acari, Mesostigmata, Trigynaspida)

The genus Crassoseta is erected for three new species of diplogyniid mites taken from passalid beetles collected in Mexico, Brazil and Costa Rica; Brachysternum cornutum Hyatt, 1964 is transferred to this genus and a key to species is given. Brachysternopsk gen.n. is established for B. flechtmanni gen. et sp.n. taken from an ant, Atrica capiguara. in Brazil.     

Coynema gen. n., a new genus of nematode (Thelastomatoidea, Hystrignathidae) parasites of Passalidae (Coleoptera) from Cuba

The new genus Coynemagen. n. is described as parasite of the two passalid beetles from Cuba: Passalus interstitialis Escholtz, 1829 (type host) and Passalus pertyi Kaup, 1869. Females are characterized by the shape of their cephalic end, cervical cuticle unarmed, a sub-cylindrical procorpus with its base abruptly dilated, fore region of intestine dilated as a sac-like structure, genital system didelphic-amphidelphic and eggs markedly ovoid and smooth-shelled. Males have a digestive system similar to females, tail sharply pointed, bearing a Y-like thickening of the dorsal cuticle. They also present a big, median, mammiform pre-cloacal papillae and a pair of small, sub-dorsal pre-cloacal papillae anterior to the cuticular thickening of the tail.     

Wood ingestion by passalid beetles in the presence of xylose-fermenting gut yeasts

During a survey of insect gut micro-organisms, we consistently isolated Pichia stipitis-like yeasts (Fungi: Ascomycota, Saccharomycetes) from the wood-ingesting beetles, Odontotaenius disjunctus and Verres sternbergianus (Coleoptera: Passalidae). The yeasts were isolated from passalid beetles over a wide area, including the eastern and midwestern USA and Panama. Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear encoded small and large subunit rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences distinguished a well-supported clade consisting of the passalid yeasts and Pichia stipitis, P. segobiensis, Candida shehatae and C. ergatensis. Members of this clade have the ability to ferment and assimilate xylose or to hydrolyse xylan, major components of the polysaccharide, hemicellulose. Sexual reproduction was present in the passalid isolates but was rare among the gut yeasts of other beetles to which they were compared. Minor genetic and phenotypic variation among some of the passalid yeasts was detected using markers from the internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA repeat unit, morphology, and in vitro metabolic tests. The consistent association of xylose-fermenting yeasts of almost identical genotypes with passalid beetles across a broad geographical distribution, suggests a significant symbiotic association.     

Triumphalisnema bialulaundatum n. sp. (Oxyurida: Robertiidae) from a passalid beetle from Papua New Guinea

A new species ofTriumphalisnema is described and illustrated from the gut of a passalid beetle,Cetejus peltostictus, collected from rotting wood in Papua New Guinea.T. bialulaundatum n. sp. is easily distinguished fromT. lenkoi, the type-species, by the much shorter dorsal and ventral alae (starting posterior to the vulva inT. bialulaundatum, but well anterior inT. lenkoi) and also by a peculiar ornamentation of the eggs. Scanning electron micrographs of the genus are provided for the first time. A diagnosis of the genusTriumphalisnema is included.     

Phylogeny of the families of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) based on characters of the hindwing articulation, hindwing base and wing venation

A study is made of the articulation and base of the hindwings of Scarabaeoidea. The survey is based on an examination of over 250 genera from thirteen scarabaeoid families. Relationships among all families of Scarabaeoidea are examined here for the first time. The reconstructed phylogeny shows that the Scarabaeoidea is comprised of three major lineages: a glaresid, passalid and scarabaeid lineage. The glaresid lineage consists only of the Glaresidae. The passalid lineage is comprised of two major lines: a passalid line (containing Passalidae, Lucanidae, Diphyllostomatidae, Glaphyridae, Trogidae, Bolboceratidae and Pleocomidae) and a geotrupid line (containing Geotrupidae, Ochodaeidae, Ceratocanthidae and Hybosoridae). The scarabaeid lineage contains those taxa traditionally included within the Scarabaeidae (Aegialiinae, Aulonocneminae, Aphodiinae, Scarabaeinae, Orphninae, Melolonthinae, Acoma , Chasmatopterinae, Hopliinae, Oncerinae, Rutelinae, Dynastinae, Trichiinae, Cetoniinae and Valginae). Additional evidence, from other character suites, supporting this breakdown of the Scarabaeoidea is given.     

A new pronocephalid, Pleurogonius tortugueroi n. sp. (Digenea), from the intestine of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Costa Rica

A new species of trematode, Pleurogonius tortugueroi n. sp. (Digenea: Pronocephalidae) is described from the lower intestine of green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Tortuguero National Park, Costa Rica. The new species differs from all other species of Pleurogonius by having a short oesophagus and oval testes close to lateral posterior limit of the body. It differs from all other species, except P. malaclemys Hunter 1961, by having an ovary between the testes; moreover the latter species is a parasite of freshwater turtles. All others members of the genus have a long oesophagus, testes placed to some distance from the posterior end, and the ovary is pretesticular. The new species appears most closely related to P. linearis Looss, 1901 but differs from it by having a different body shape, lappets of the head collar close at the cecal bifurcation level, a longer vitellarian field, different testis shape and position, ovary intertesticular, and different egg size.     

Two new genera of nematode (Oxyurida,Hystrignathidae) parasites of Passalidae (Coleoptera) from the Democratic Republic of Congo

Two new genera and species parasitizing passalid beetles from the Democratic Republic of Congo are described. Kongonema meyeri gen. n. sp. n. is characterized by having females with the cervical cuticle unarmed, first cephalic annule cone-like and truncate, sub-cylindrical procorpus and genital tract didelphic-amphidelphic. The males of Kongonema meyeri gen. n. sp. n. have the procorpus sub-cylindrical, the dorsal cuticle of the tail end thickened, a single large, median mammiform pre-cloacal papilla and a pair of small, pre-cloacal, sub-lateral papillae at a short distance before the level of the cloaca. Lubanema decraemerae gen. n. sp. n. is characterized by the body markedly fusiform, cuticle unarmed and strongly annulated, procorpus sub-cylindrical, isthmus as a constriction between procorpus and basal bulb, genital tract monodelphic-prodelphic and the posterior end rounded with a very short tail appendage.     

Dasya enomotoi sp. nov. (Dasyaceae,Ceramiales), a new large Dasya from Japan

A new red alga, Dasya enomotoi, is described from Japan. This species is characterized by having a large thallus consisting of an elongated axis and many, radially arranged, polysiphonous branches both of which are heavily corticated and densely covered with numerous, soft monosiphonous filaments. It is distinguished from several similar species by the combination of the following: (i) indistinct pericentral cells in transverse sections except near the apices, (ii) the presence of enlarged, inner cortical cells, (iii) radially arranged adventitious monosiphonous filaments, (iv) three‐celled carpogonial branches, (v) six (sometimes five) tetrasporangia in each fertile segment of the stichidia, and (vi) three tetrasporangial cover cells that are not elongated longitudinally and usually not divided transversely. This species may have been identified as D. villosa Harvey by previous investigators in Japan.     

shape Diploproctodaeum arothroni n. sp. (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) from the pufferfish shape Arothron hispidus (L.) (Tetraodontidae) from Suva,Fiji, with a revised key to the species of the genus

The new species Diploproctodaeum arothroni (Lepocreadiidae: Diploproctodaeinae) is described from the tetraodontid fish Arothron hispidus from Fiji. It differs from its closest relatives, D. hakofugu, D. oviforme and D. momoaafata, in having 42–54 ovarian lobes, a vitellarium reaching to the pharynx and tegumental spination reaching almost to the posterior extremity. A revised key to the 17 recognised species of Diploproctodaeum is given.     

Caligus nolani n. sp. (Copepoda: Caligidae), a parasite of Patagonotothen sima (Richardson) (Teleostei: Pisces) from the Falkland Islands,and a note on Clavella bowmani,Kabata, 1963 (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae)

Both sexes of a new species of parasitic copepod, Caligus nolani (Caligidae: Siphonostomatoida) from the skin of the nototheniid fish Patagonotothen sima from the Falkland Islands, are described. The male differs superficially from the female in having a more rounded cephalothoracic shield, a thinner genital complex and a two-segmented abdomen. C. nolani can be separated from all other species of Caligus by the shapes of the sternal furca and second antenna. Clavella bowmani Kabata, 1963 from P. sima is the first record of this species from the Falkland Islands.     

Primulina debaoensis sp. nov. (Gesneriaceae) from a limestone cave in Guangxi,China

A new species of Gesneriaceae, Primulina debaoensis Neng Jiang & Hong Li, from Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region, China, is illustrated and described here. It resembles another endemic and stenochoric species in Guangxi, P. pungentisepala (W. T. Wang) Mich. Möller & A. Weber, but differs by having 12–18 or more leaves, leaf blade being broadly linear, oblanceolate‐elliptical or oblanceolate, bracts being ovate or elliptical with silvery or argenteous nerves and by having a yellow ovary that is 4–5 mm long and sparsely white pubescent.     

Description of Trilineellus clathrocutis n.g., n.sp. (Tylenchorhynchinae: Tylenchida Thorne, 1949) with a Key to Species and Observations on Tylenchorhynchus sensu stricto

TrilineeIlus clathrocutis n.g., n.sp. is described and illustrated. It was found as an associate of corn (Zea mays) in Stockton, Georgia, USA, and is related to a group of Tylenchorhynchus sensu lato species having three lines in nonareolated lateral fields. This new species is closely related to Tylenehorhynehus divittatus Siddiqi 1961, T. sculptus Seinhorst 1963, and T. triglyphus Seinhorst 1963 (syn. T. chonai Sethi & Swarup 1968) Tarjan 1973. It differs from these species primarily by having longitudinal striae on the body. These four species are differentiated from Tylenchorhynchus sensu stricto by having three lateral lines instead of four. They differ from Uliginotylenchus Siddiqi 1971 by having nonareolated lateral fields, fewer than 25 annules on conoid rounded tails, differently shaped gubernacula, nonattenuated stylets, and other distinctive characters. They differ from Triversus Sher 1973 by having the male tail enclosed by the bursa and by having rounded female tails. SEM observations of T. clathrocutis reveal a cuticle deeply cut by longitudinal and horizontal striae and bearing wide (> 2.0 μm) annules. Trilineellus is proposed to accommodate the new species and the three-incisured species still within Tylenchorhynchus. Tylenchorhynchus is thereby the repository for species within Tylenchorhynchinae having four lines in the lateral field, no conspicuous labial disc, and bursa enclosing the male tail.     

Mathevotaenia niuguiniensis n. sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae: Linstowiinae) from the water-rat Parahydromys asper (Thomas) in Papua New Guinea, with a list of species of Mathevotaenia Akumyan, 1946

A new species of cestode, Mathevotaenia niuguiniensis n. sp. (Anoplocephalidae: Linstowiinae), is described from the hydromyine rodent Parahydromys asper (Thomas) in Papua New Guinea. This is the third species of the genus reported from the Australasian region. The new species differs from all congeners in rodents by having an elongate cirrus-sac, which crosses the osmoregulatory canals and extends into the medulla, compared with a short, ovoid cirrus-sac which does not penetrate into the medulla in congeners. It differs from the known Australian species, M. antechini (Beveridge, 1977) and M. nyctophili (Hickman, 1954), found in dasyurid marsupials and bats respectively, by lacking a complex of anastomosing osmoregulatory canals in each segment. A list of all known species of Mathevotaenia Akumyan, 1946, their host genera, host families and geographical distribution is provided. New combinations proposed in this report are: M. dipodomi (Bienek & Grundmann, 1973) n. comb. (transferred from Schizorchodes Bienek & Grundman, 1973), M. genettae (Ortlepp, 1937) n.comb., M. mephitis (Skinker, 1935) n. comb., M. pedunculata (Chandler, 1952) n. comb., M. wallacei (Chandler, 1952) n. comb. (transferred from Oschmarenia Spasskii, 1951) and M. oedipomidatis (Stunkard, 1965) n. comb. (transferred from Paratriotaenia Stunkard, 1965).     

关于塔塔尔蹶鼠属(Tatalsminthus)的新认识

<正>笔者最近在编写"中国古脊椎动物志"的跳鼠科的过程中,发现建立塔塔尔蹶鼠属(Tatalsminthus)的依据不够充分。现就该属及其属型种(可汗塔塔尔蹶鼠Tatalsminthus khandae)的有效性予以探讨。     

Progamotaenia ruficola sp. n. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae) from the red kangaroo, Macropus rufus (Marsupialia)

Progamotaenia ruficola sp. n. is described from the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) from New South Wales, Australia. It is distinguished from other similar species having paired, nondiverticulate uteri in each prolottis: Progamotaenia festiva (Rudolphi 1819), P. diaphana (Zschokke 1907), and P. macropodis Beveridge 1976, by the extremely broad, straight-edged velum, the lack of an external seminal vesicle, the cirrus armature, the number of testes, the lack of vaginal atrophy following insemination, and the morphology of the egg.     

Ophryotrocha longidentata sp.n. and Dorvillea erucaeformis (Malmgren) (Polychaeta, Dorvilleidae) from the West Coast of Scandinavia

Ophryotrocha longidentata sp.n. is described from the Skagerak, West Coast of Sweden. The species lives on muddy bottoms at a depth of about 100 m. It is distinguished by having biarticulated palps and by the structure of the jaw apparatus. Dorvillea erucaeformis (Malmgren) from the West Coast of Norway is redescribed and re-established. This species was earlier considered identical with D. rubrovittata (Grube).