There are two different species B adenovirus receptors: sBAR,common to species B1 and B2 adenoviruses,and sB2AR,exclusively used by species B2 adenoviruses

Unlike most adenovirus (Ad) serotypes, the species B Ads do not use the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor as an attachment receptor. The species B attachment receptor(s) has not yet been identified and is also poorly characterized. Species B Ads can be further divided into species B1 and B2 Ads, and these display different organ tropisms, suggesting a difference in receptor usage. We have studied the receptor interactions of the species B1 serotypes 3p and 7p and the species B2 serotypes 11p and 35 and characterized the properties of the species B receptor(s). Reciprocal blocking experiments using unlabeled Ad11p or Ad3p virions to block the binding to A549 cells of (35)S-labeled 3p, 7p, 11p, and 35 showed that only Ad11p virions efficiently blocked the binding of all the species B Ads studied (> or =70%). Thus, there is apparently a common species B Ad receptor (sBAR). However, Ad3p virions only partially (< or =30%) blocked the binding of Ad11p and Ad35 to A549 cells. Binding experiments after trypsin treatment of the cells confirmed that the species B2 serotypes address at least two different receptors on A549 and J82 cells, since sBAR is trypsin sensitive but the species B2 Ad receptor (sB2AR) is not. Both receptors are proteins or glycoproteins, since binding of all species B serotypes was abolished after proteinase K or subtilisin treatment of A549 or J82 cells. Furthermore, binding of the species B serotypes to sBAR was abolished with EDTA and restored with Ca(2+), whereas the binding of Ad11p and Ad35 to SB2AR was independent of divalent cations.     

A new species of Aphis from Potentilla palustris, with a discussion of related species

Abstract. A new species of Aphis, A, comari spm., is described from shoots and leaves of Potentilla (Comarum) palustris (L.) Scop. in England and Wales. Its biology and relationship to previously described species of Aphis L. from Potentilla species and Sanguisorba minor Scop. are discussed.     

Revision of Nearctic species of Esagonatopus, with description of a new species from Florida (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae)

Esagonatopus floridensissp. n. is described from Florida, Oklaloosa County (USA). A revision of the three Nearctic species of Esagonatopus Olmi, 1984 is presented. New data on geographic distribution, morphologic variability and opposite sexes of Esagonatopus niger (Fenton, 1924) and Esagonatopus perdebilis (Perkins, 1907) are given. A key to the Nearctic species of Esagonatopus is presented.     

New species,new combinations and new distributions in neotropical species of Elaphoglossum (Lomariopsidaceae)

More new species, new combinations and new distributions are made in the large and difficult genus Elaphoglossum in Neotropic. Ten new species are described, this are: Elaphoglossum adrianae A. Rojas, E. betancuri A. Rojas, E. caridadae A. Rojas, E. glabromarginatum A. Rojas, E. kessleri A. Rojas, E. macdougalii A. Rojas, E. paramicola A. Rojas, E. paxense A. Rojas, E. pseudoherminieri A. Rojas and E. solomonii A. Rojas. Three species are combined, this are: Elaphoglossum beitelii (Mickel) A. Rojas, E. curvans (Kunze) A. Rojas and E. eutecnum (Mickel) A. Rojas. Finally, 86 species are reported from other countries and some species names are synonymized.     

Karyotypic analysis of Cajanus,Atylosia, and Rhynchosia species

Summary Somatic chromosomes of two cultivais of Cajanus cajan, eight species of Atylosia (A. albicans, A. cajanifolia, A. lineata, A. platycarpa, A. scarabaeoides, A. serica, A. trinervia and A. volubilis), and of Rhynchosia rothii were analysed. All species had 2n=22. Eight of the 10 species studied had two pairs of satchromosomes while A. scarabaeoides and A. sericea had only one sat-chromosome pair. Based on relative chromosome length (L%), arm ratio (pa-value) and presence or absence of secondary constriction, a karyotype formula for each species was formulated. Based on these parameters the chromosome pairs could also be assigned to groups ranging from 8 to 10 in different species. Except for the asymmetrical karyotype of A. albicans, the other species had rather moderately symmetrical karyotypes.     

A new species of Oxelytrum Gistel (Coleoptera, Silphidae) from southern Argentina, with a key to the species of the genus

A new species of the forensically interesting genus Oxelytrum Gistel (Coleoptera, Silphidae), Oxelytrum selknan, is described from Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego provinces, Argentina. The new species resembles Oxelytrum biguttatum (Philippi) in outer aspect, but has different male genitalia, in particular a median lobe longer than the paramera. All the described species of Oxelytrum have the median lobe shorter than the paramera. The internal sac, as far as it could be reconstructed from dry-pinned specimens, also shows differences between the two species. A key to the species of Oxelytrum is given and illustrated.     

Different regulation of leaf respiration between Spinacia oleracea, a sun species, and Alocasia odora, a shade species

Mature leaves of shade species exhibit lower respiratory rates than those of sun species. To elucidate the mechanism underlying different respiratory rates between sun and shade species, we examined respiratory properties of leaves in Spinacia oleracea L., a sun species, and Alocasia odora (Lodd.) Spach, a shade species, with special reference to changes in the respiratory rate throughout the night. In S. oleracea , rates of both CO₂ efflux and O₂ uptake decreased with time during the night, whereas in A. odora both rates were virtually constant at lower levels. The rates of O₂ uptake in S . oleracea increased upon addition of sucrose, and the rates attained were virtually identical throughout the night. However, the addition of an uncoupler [carbonyl cyanide p -(trifluoromethoxy)-phenylhydrazone; FCCP] did not alter the rates. In contrast, the rates of O₂ uptake in A. odora were enhanced by the addition of FCCP, but not by sucrose. The concentrations of carbohydrates in the tissue decreased throughout the night in both species and the ATP/ADP ratio was always greater in A. odora. These results indicate that, in S. oleracea , the availability of respiratory substrate determines the respiratory rate, while the low respiratory rate in A. odora is ascribed to its low demand for ATP.     

A new MITE family,Pangrangja, in Gramineae species

The miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) is a type of class II transposon. We have isolated a new MITE, Pangrangja, from the species Oryza. Although Pangrangja elements are present in a number of Gramineae species, they are more prevalent in A genome Oryza species, Triticum, Aegilops, Hordeum, and Tripsacum. The Pangrangja has a 16 bp terminal inverted repeat (TIR) and conserved trinucleotides 5'-TTG-3' and 5'-AAA-3' at both ends. The TIR starts with 5'-CAGT-3', similar to the MITEs of the Emigrant family. The sequences between TIRs are very AT-rich and vary in length from 161 bp in A genome Oryza species to 513 bp in Hordeum vulgare. While the size and sequence of Pangrangia elements are conserved in the A genome Oryza species, there is some sequence variation in other plants. In an analysis of the mobile history of Oryza sativa, eight RESites (related to empty sites) were found and grouped into three types depending on the presence or absence of the conserved trinucleotides 5'-TTG-3' and 5'-AAA-3'. Since one of the RESites showed a perfect palindromic 22 bp sequence into which 180 bp of the Pangrangja element was inserted, the possible role of secondary structure of the palindromic sequences is discussed. We also suggest that as Pangrangja MITE-AFLP has been successful in many different Gramineae, Pangrangja elements may be useful in the genomic analysis of grasses.     

Thielavia aurantiaca, a new species from Japanese soil

A new species ofThielavia (T. aurantiaca) isolated from field soil collected from Osaka is described and illustrated. The fungus is distinguished from other known species by having ascomata covered with yellowish orange mycelium and smaller size of ascomata and ascospores. A chlamydospore-like anamorph is formed.     

Fusarium nisikadoi, a new species from Japan

A new species ofFusarium, F. nisikadoi, isolated fromPhyllostachys nigra var.henonis (bamboo) andTriticum aestivum (wheat) in Japan, is described, illustrated and discussed. This species is differentiated from other known species of the genus by the following characteristics: whitish colony color, long zigzag-like chains of 0–3(-5)-septate clavate conidia, intermixed with pyriform conidia, produced mostly from monophialides and rarely from polyphialides in the aerial mycelium, very long and slender sporodochial conidia, and no chlamydospores. The long chains of septate conidia are known only in this species of the genusFusarium. The conidiophores on the aerial mycelium sometimes proliferate sympodially. The species is tentatively placed in the form-sectionLiseola.     

A new species of Bembidion Latrielle 1802 from the Ozarks, with a review of the North American species of subgenus Trichoplataphus Netolitzky 1914 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Bembidiini)

A new species of Bembidion (Trichoplataphus Netolitzky) from the Ozark Plateau of Missouri and Arkansas is described (Bembidion ozarkense Maddison and Hildebrandt). It is distinguishable from the closely related species, Bembidion rolandi Fall, by characteristics of the male genitalia, and sequences of the genes cytochrome oxidase I and 28S ribosomal DNA. A brief review of the North American species of Trichoplataphus is presented, including a key to species.     

Chinese species of genus Notopygus Holmgren (Hymenoptera,Ichneumonidae, Ctenopelmatinae) with description of a new species

A new species, Notopygus longiventris Sun & Sheng, sp. n., collected from Benxi County, Liaoning Province, China, and N. emarginatus Holmgren, 1857, reared from Neurotoma sibirica Gussakovskij (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) from Haicheng, Liaoning Province, are reported. The new species is placed within existing key to species.     

Sequences, sequence clusters and bacterial species

Whatever else they should share, strains of bacteria assigned to the same species should have house-keeping genes that are similar in sequence. Single gene sequences (or rRNA gene sequences) have very few informative sites to resolve the strains of closely related species, and relationships among similar species may be confounded by interspecies recombination. A more promising approach (multilocus sequence analysis, MLSA) is to concatenate the sequences of multiple house-keeping loci and to observe the patterns of clustering among large populations of strains of closely related named bacterial species. Recent studies have shown that large populations can be resolved into non-overlapping sequence clusters that agree well with species assigned by the standard microbiological methods. The use of clustering patterns to inform the division of closely related populations into species has many advantages for poorly studied bacteria (or to re-evaluate well-studied species), as it provides a way of recognizing natural discontinuities in the distribution of similar genotypes. Clustering patterns can be used by expert groups as the basis of a pragmatic approach to assigning species, taking into account whatever additional data are available (e.g. similarities in ecology, phenotype and gene content). The development of large MLSA Internet databases provides the ability to assign new strains to previously defined species clusters and an electronic taxonomy. The advantages and problems in using sequence clusters as the basis of species assignments are discussed.     

A new species of Macrobrachium (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) from Northern Territory, Australia and a key to Australian species of the genus

A new species of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium bullatum sp.n. is described from the Alligator Rivers region of Northern Territory, Australia. The cutting edges of fingers of chelipeds (pereiopod 2) have rows of six opposing, equally spaced, large horny tubercles, interspersed between rows of stiff hairs. A key to Australian species of the genus Macrobrachium is also given.     

A new species of Cisaris (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) with a key to the world species

A new species, Cisaris canaliculatus Sun & Sheng, sp. n., belonging to the tribe Phygadeuontini of the subfamily Cryptinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), collected from Jiangxi Province, China, is reported. A key to the species of the genus Cisaris Townes, 1970, is provided.     

Anagallidium rubrostriatum,a new species of the Gentianaceae from Nei Mongol,China

A new species of the genus Anagallidium Griseb.(Gentianaceae) from Nei Mongol, China, A. rubrostriatum Y. Z. Zhao, Z. Y. Zhu & L. Q. Zhao, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to A. dichotomum (L.) Griseb. in the flower tetramerous, pe