阻断Notch信号的角质形成细胞对成纤维细胞胶原合成的影响

目的:本课题组前期工作已经证明阻断Notch信号对角质形成细胞的分泌功能有所影响,使其分泌的多种促纤维化因子发生改变.本实验将探讨在复合培养的条件下,通过调节角质形成细胞中的Notch信号,了解其对成纤维细胞collagen-1合成的影响.方法:运用角质形成细胞-成纤维细胞复合培养的模型,于复合培养前3天进行血清刺激或者γ-分泌酶抑制剂DAPT阻断角质形成细胞中的Notch信号,即在角质形成细胞分化前进行干预.然后提升至气液交界面使其达到复层生长和终末分化,后与成纤维细胞共培养,观察阻断Notch信号后的角质形成细胞对成纤维细胞合成collagen-1的影响.结果:在分化前,给予角质形成细胞血清刺激,在复合培养0小时,Notch-1、Jagged-1表达明显升高(P＜0.05),在复合培养第一天,p21表达上调、p63表达下降(P＜0.05),表明在复合培养时,角质形成细胞中的Notch信号明显活化.通过在血清刺激前给予DAPT预处理,在复合培养0小时,角质形成细胞中Notch信号下游分子p21和p63的表达恢复至无血清刺激水平(P＜0.05),表明DAPT组确实阻断了角质形成细胞中的Notch信号.而DAPT组的成纤维细胞collagen-1的表达相对于血清刺激组明显下降,而与无血清组无明显差异,表明阻断Notch信号后的角质形成细胞在复合培养条件下,确实能够抑制成纤维细胞collagen-1的表达,使其合成collagen-1的量恢复至无血清刺激水平.结论:DAPT能够阻断Notch信号的活化,用阻断Notch信号后的角质形成细胞与成纤维细胞共培养,能够明显抑制成纤维细胞合成Ⅰ型胶原的能力,从而抑制瘢痕的增生.     

牛黄对小鼠口腔成纤维细胞功能的调节作用

探讨牛黄对原代小鼠口腔成纤维细胞功能的影响,揭示其在溃疡愈合过程中的作用及机制。本试验采用MTT法、氯胺-T法、明胶酶谱分析和酶联免疫反应测定了牛黄对小鼠口腔成纤维细胞增殖、胶原沉积、金属蛋白酶-2、-9活性和基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1合成的影响。结果表明牛黄能显著抑制小鼠口腔成纤维细胞的增殖、胶原沉积和金属蛋白酶-2活性,同时也极显著(P<0.01)抑制基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1的产生。结果提示牛黄在溃疡愈合过程中不具生肌作用,可能通过抗炎促进溃疡愈合;其抑制胶原合成的机制可能与极显著抑制基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-1有关。     

人的原代上皮角质形成细胞和永生化的上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT的增殖能力的比较

目的：筛选适合充当组织工程皮肤的种子细胞,比较原代培养的人原代上皮角质形成细胞和永生化的上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT的增值能力。方法：将两种细胞（小儿包皮环切术后的组织培养表皮角质形成细胞,永生化的上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT）,分别接种于96孔板,通过MTT检测细胞1,3,5,7,9,11天的生长情况;当两种细胞融合至60%时分别取1×106个细胞,通过流式细胞检测细胞的周期。结果：永生化的上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT每隔一天即可传代一次,原代上皮角质形成细胞每3天传代一次;细胞周期：永生化上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT的G1期和S期的比例高于原代上皮角质形成细胞。生长曲线：MTT检测两种细胞1,3,5,7,9,11的生长情况,永生化的上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT的生长速度明显高于原代上皮角质形成细胞。结论：永生化上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT的增殖能力要高于原代培养的上皮角质形成细胞。     

新生隐球菌对角质形成细胞活力的作用研究

目的研究新生隐球菌体外对角质形成细胞活力的影响。方法将新生隐球菌父代标准株与子代荚膜缺陷株于体外分别与角质形成细胞分别共培养,同时设立热灭活的菌体、空白对照,再分别设立菌体与细胞直接接触与不接触共培养相互对照,分别作用0.5 h、1 h和2 h后,采用流式细胞仪检测隐球菌角质形成细胞的调亡率。结果随着时间延长,与空白对照组及热灭活组比较,实验组角质形成细胞的凋亡率逐渐增加。无荚膜株与父代有荚膜株比较,无荚膜株对细胞活力的影响在作用后1 h、2 h明显低于有荚膜株。2种菌株不直接接触培养使细胞的凋亡率明显下降;不直接接触的有荚膜株与热灭活的菌体之间比较差异不显著。结论虽然有荚膜株与无荚膜株隐球菌均可以使角质形成细胞活性明显降低,但荚膜可以显著增强菌体对细胞活力的影响;角质形成细胞活力的降低主要是通过与菌体接触培养后产生的,诱导细胞调亡需要菌体与细胞的直接接触。     

人的原代上皮角质形成细胞和永生化的上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT 的增 殖能力的比较*

目的:筛选适合充当组织工程皮肤的种子细胞,比较原代培养的人原代上皮角质形成细胞和永生化的上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT的增值能力。方法:将两种细胞(小儿包皮环切术后的组织培养表皮角质形成细胞,永生化的上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT),分别接种于96孔板,通过MTT检测细胞1,3,5,7,9,11天的生长情况;当两种细胞融合至60%时分别取1×106个细胞,通过流式细胞检测细胞的周期。结果:永生化的上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT每隔一天即可传代一次,原代上皮角质形成细胞每3天传代一次;细胞周期:永生化上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT的G1期和S期的比例高于原代上皮角质形成细胞。生长曲线:MTT检测两种细胞1,3,5,7,9,11的生长情况,永生化的上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT的生长速度明显高于原代上皮角质形成细胞。结论:永生化上皮角质形成细胞HaCaT的增殖能力要高于原代培养的上皮角质形成细胞。     

ALA—PDT对正常人角质形成细胞生物效应的实验研究

目的：探讨ALA—PDT抑制角质形成细胞（KC）增殖的可行性和最佳效果。方法：新鲜包皮组织经两次酶消化法进行KC分离与培养,分设对照组、单纯ALA组、单纯照光组及0．1mmol／L、0．6mmol／L、1．2mmol／L、1．8mmol／L、3．6mmol／LALA五个浓度组,经0．5h、1h、3h、5h四个避光孵育时间后PDT。酶标仪检测PDT后KC存活率、FCM检测KC中PpⅨ荧光强度,确定ALA最佳药物浓度和最佳用药时间;吖啶橙染色和Annexin V／PI双染法检测KC凋亡率和生长周期的影响。结果：0．6mmoL／LALA（用药1h）-PDT组为最佳药物浓度和最佳用药孵育时间,显示Pp Ⅸ荧光强度表达与KC凋亡率最高,能明显抑制S期与G2期的细胞增殖,使细胞增殖指数降至最低。结论：0．6mmol／LALA（用药孵育1h）-PDT能明显抑制KC增殖,更有效地促进正常KC凋亡。     

白藜芦醇对紫外线照射后人角质形成细胞AQP3 表达的影响

目的:探讨白藜芦醇对紫外线照射后人皮肤角质形成细胞水通道蛋白3(AQP3)表达的影响及意义。方法:原代培养人皮肤角质形成细胞,采用UVB(20mJ/cm2,40mJ/cm2)照射角质形成细胞后,立即加入0.1mmol/L的白藜芦醇进行干预。RT-PCR检测照射前后角质形成细胞中AQP3 mRNA的表达量,并用羟胺法、比色法、TBA法检测照射前后细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:1.UVB照射后角质形成细胞AQP3 mRNA的表达量下降(P<0.05),且UVB照射剂量越大,AQP3 mRNA下降越显著(P<0.05)。2.白藜芦醇能显著增加UVB照射后角质形成细胞SOD和GSH-Px活性,并降低细胞MDA含量(P<0.05)。3.白藜芦醇能显著抑制UVB导致的角质形成细胞AQP3 mRNA下降(P<0.05)。结论:白藜芦醇可能通过抑制UVB导致的AQP3 mRNA下降,及提高氧化酶活性、清除自由基的功能,从而延缓皮肤衰老。     

人表皮生长因子基因转染原代角质形成细胞

目的:将带信号肽的人表皮生长因子基因转染原代成人角质形成细胞, 证实细胞活性及hEGF的有效表达, 为后期的皮肤修复研究打下基础.方法:先酶切验证pcDNA3.1-hEGF, 后消化成人皮肤组织, 以Defined Keratinocyte-SFM(DKSFM)传代培养角质形成细胞并鉴定, 脂质体转染质粒pcDNA3.1-hEGF入细胞, 转基因细胞培养48 h后作RT-PCR和Western-blot分析, 上清分别进行放射免疫测定和MTT测定.结果:质粒pcDNA3.1-hEGF上的hEGF序列经测序证实,双酶切后获得约230 bp和5.4 kb条带;成人角质形成细胞体外培养可快速稳定增殖, 转hEGF基因细胞经RT-PCR扩增出一条约230 bp的特异性条带, Western-blot检测到hEGF表达明显升高;放射免疫法和MTT实验证实转基因细胞有稳定的hEGF蛋白分泌.结论:质粒pcDNA3.1-hEGF在脂质体介导下成功转染成人皮肤角质形成细胞, 转基因细胞能分泌有生物活性的EGF;体外培养的成人皮肤角质形成细胞可见少量EGF分泌.     

病毒感染对角质形成细胞CCL20表达的影响及其机制

目的:既往研究发现,趋化因子CCL20在银屑病、白癜风等在内的多种自身免疫性皮肤疾病的病理过程中扮演了重要的角色,同时病毒感染也被认为是自身免疫性疾病的重要参与者。皮肤组织是机体抵御外界病原体的第一道屏障,其中角质形成细胞被认为在启动免疫中发挥了关键的作用。视黄酸诱导基因蛋白I(RIG-I)是固有免疫模式识别受体家族的重要成员,其能够被病毒复制的中间产物激活。然而,病毒感染是否会通过RIG-I信号通路影响角质形成细胞中CCL20的表达,进而参与自身免疫性皮肤疾病的病理过程仍不清楚。本文使用聚肌胞苷酸(Poly(I:C))来体外模拟病毒感染,探究病毒感染对皮肤角质形成细胞CCL20表达的影响,并且通过小干扰RNA沉默关键分子来探究相应的分子机制。方法:首先,体外细胞实验使用Poly(I:C)刺激角质形成细胞系HaCaT,通过Western-blot实验和qRT-PCR实验探究Poly(I:C)对HaCat中RIG-I表达的影响;接下来,通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)以及酶联免疫吸附测定实验(ELISA)检测Poly(I:C)对角质形成细胞CCL20分泌的影响;线粒体抗病毒信号蛋白(MAVS)在RIG-I的下游发挥着重要作用,我们通过小干扰RNA(si-RNA)阻断RIG-I-MAVS-NF-κB信号通路关键分子,探究Poly(I:C)诱导角质形成细胞CCL20表达升高的分子机制。结果:Poly(I:C)能够明显促进角质形成细胞中RIG-I的表达及CCL20的表达和分泌;Poly(I:C)诱导角质形成细胞CCL20分泌是由RIG-I-MAVS-NF-κB信号通路介导的。结论:Poly(I:C)模拟病毒感染能够通过RIG-I-MAVS-NF-κB信号通路介导CCL20表达增加,进而参与自身免疫性皮肤疾病的病理过程。     

Contraction of collagen by human fibroblasts and keratinocytes

Summary In the process of wound healing keratinocytes and fibroblasts play an important role, keratinocytes in the re-epithelization process and fibroblasts in the process of wound contraction. We have studied the role of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts in the rearrangement of collagen in a collagen lattice model system. Our results revealed that keratinocytes as well as fibroblasts rearrange the collagen lattice; this occurs in a cell number and collagen concentration dependent manner. The optimal gel contraction is obtained in the presence of keratinocytes on the top of and of fibroblasts in the collagen lattice, the situation most closely approaching the in vivo situation. Between the two types of cells, differences in morphologic behavior were observed: when incorporated into the gel the keratinocytes retained their spherical shape throughout the whole culture period, but fibroblasts became elongated and formed extensions. Our data suggest that not only fibroblasts but also keratinocytes may be involved in the process of wound contraction. This work was supported by the Koningin Wilhelmina Fonds (Netherlands Cancer Foundation, grant 84-10).     

The interaction of human papillary and reticular fibroblasts and human keratinocytes in the contraction of three-dimensional floating collagen lattices

Fibroblasts derived from the papillary and reticular dermis of human skin and human keratinocytes show differences in their abilities to contract floating three-dimensional gels constructed from type I collagen. Reticular fibroblasts produce greater gel contraction than papillary fibroblasts. When equal numbers of papillary and reticular fibroblasts are mixed in the gels, papillary fibroblasts consistently inhibit gel contraction by reticular fibroblasts indicating interaction between these cell types in the contraction process. Surprisingly, keratinocytes alone produce greater gel contraction than that produced by either fibroblast type. Cooperativity in the gel contraction process is observed when fibroblasts are incorporated into the collagen matrix and keratinocytes are seeded onto the gel surface. Keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts adhere to the collagen fibril to induce gel contraction by different mechanisms. Fibroblast contraction of collagen gels does not require fibronectin but is a serum-dependent reaction. In contrast, keratinocyte contraction of collagen gels occurs in a serum-free environment. Polyclonal, affinity-purified antibodies to human plasma fibronectin at high concentrations do not inhibit gel contraction by keratinocytes, making unlikely the possibility that fibronectin synthesized by the keratinocyte is a significant factor in the gel contraction process. We are currently examining the possibilities either that keratinocytes are synthesizing other adhesion proteins or that receptors on the cell surface can interact directly with the collagen fiber.     

The effect of 3T3 fibroblasts on the expression of anchorage independence and cornification of oral keratinocytes

This study examined the effect of 3T3 fibroblasts on the expression of anchorage independence and the degree of cornification in early cultures of three carcinoma-derived epithelial cell lines (R59, R63a, R63b) and in one cell line derived from non-malignant dysplastic epithelium where there was no evidence of invasion (R66a). The epithelial cell lines originated from the palatal (R63a, R66a) and the lingual (R59, R63b) mucosa of rats that had been painted with the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide. In the absence of 3T3 fibroblasts, progressive culture resulted in an increase in the colony forming efficiency (CFE) of R63a, R63b and R59 and a decrease in the percentage of cornified cells in all cell lines. 3T3 fibroblasts caused a decrease in the CFE and the degree of cornification in the 3T3-dependent cell line (R63a), particularly at the lower passages, but these parameters remained essentially unchanged by 3T3 fibroblasts in the 3T3-independent cell lines (R59, R63b). 3T3 fibroblasts did not influence the cornification of R66a and this cell line remained anchorage dependent throughout the study. The results suggest that in malignant cell lines characterised by being independent of 3T3 fibroblasts (R63b, R59) the CFE was inversely correlated to the degree of cornification. However, in the malignant cell line showing a greater dependence on support (R63a) the relationship between CFE and cornification was unclear because these parameters may have been modulated by the presence of 3T3 fibroblasts. The cell line from dysplastic non-invasive tissue (R66a) differed from its malignant counterparts in the fact that CFE and cornification were unaffected by 3T3 fibroblasts despite previous studies showing a dependence on mesenchymal support.     

Interleukin‐8 and CXCL10 expression in oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts via Toll‐like receptors

Oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts may be the first line of host defense against oral microorganisms. Here, the contention that oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts recognize microbial components via Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and participate in development of oral inflammation was examined. It was found that immortalized oral keratinocytes (RT7), fibroblasts (GT1) and primary cells express mRNA of TLRs 1–10. Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) production by RT7 cells was induced by treatment with TLRs 1–9 with the exception of TLR7 agonist, whereas GT1 cells were induced to produce IL‐8 by all TLR agonists tested except for TLR7 and TLR9. GT1 cells showed increased CXCL10 production following treatment with agonists for TLR1/2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR5, whereas only those for TLR3 and TLR5 increased CXCL10 production in RT7 cells. Moreover, TLR agonists differentially regulated tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced IL‐8 and CXCL10 production by the tested cell types. These findings suggest that recognition of pathogenic microorganisms in oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts by TLRs may have important roles in orchestrating host immune responses via production of various chemokines.     

Growth of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts on bacterial cellulose film

Thin films of bacterial cellulose (BC) from a nata de coco culture system were developed, characterized, and investigated for the growth of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The average pore diameter and total surface area of the dried BC films estimated by BET were 224 A and 12.62 m(2)/g, respectively. With an film thickness of 0.12 mm, the average tensile strength and break strain of the dried films were 5.21 MPa and 3.75%, whereas those of the wet films were 1.56 MPa and 8.00%, respectively. The water absorption capacity of air-dried film was 5.09 g water/g dried films. For uses in the therapy of skin wounds, the potential biological mechanism of action of BC film was evaluated by using human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Our results were the first direct demonstration that BC film supported the growth, spreading, and migration of human keratinocytes but not those of human fibroblasts. Expressions of E-cadherin and the alpha-3 chain of laminin confirmed the phenotype of human keratinocytes on BC film.     

Dendritic fibroblasts in three-dimensional collagen matrices

Cell motility determines form and function of multicellular organisms. Most studies on fibroblast motility have been carried out using cells on the surfaces of culture dishes. In situ, however, the environment for fibroblasts is the three-dimensional extracellular matrix. In the current research, we studied the morphology and motility of human fibroblasts embedded in floating collagen matrices at a cell density below that required for global matrix remodeling (i.e., contraction). Under these conditions, cells were observed to project and retract a dendritic network of extensions. These extensions contained microtubule cores with actin concentrated at the tips resembling growth cones. Platelet-derived growth factor promoted formation of the network; lysophosphatidic acid stimulated its retraction in a Rho and Rho kinase-dependent manner. The dendritic network also supported metabolic coupling between cells. We suggest that the dendritic network provides a mechanism by which fibroblasts explore and become interconnected to each other in three-dimensional space.