3′-3′,3′-5′ and 5′-5′ TpT-Amides: Synthesis,Characterization and Alkaline Hydrolysis

Abstract

A simple procedure is described for the preparation of the title compounds 1, 8 and 9. 3′-3′ or 3′-5′ or 5′-5′ TpT was reacted with a twofold molar excess of TPS in anhydrous DMF, at room temperature, for 5 min, followed by a 1 min in situ treatment of the reaction mixture with excess 7.0 N NH₄OH, at 0°C. The alkaline hydrolysis of 1, 8 and 9 proceeds without the assistance of 3′- and 5′-hydroxyl groups resulting in equimolar mixtures of thymidine (4) and thymidine 3′-phosphoramidate (6) (for the 3′-3′ isomer) or thymidine 5′-phosphoramidate (7) (for the 5′-5′ isomer) or 6 and 7 in equal quantities (for the 3′-5′ isomer).     

8位~3H标记的脱氧腺嘌呤核苷5′-一磷酸的制备

前言8位氚标记脱氧腺嘌呤核苷5＇-一磷酸(以下简写为~3H-dAMP)可用于脱氧核糖核酸结构分析及代谢研究,还可以转变成脱氧腺三磷(~3H-dATP)。我们遵照毛主席“独立自主,自力更生”的     

5′-核苷酸的合成方法比较

5′-核苷酸在农业、食品和医药行业有着广泛的用途。比较了目前5′-核苷酸的工业和实验室合成方法,包括化学合成法,微生物发酵法,酶解法和酶催化法。     

鹤望兰类黄酮3′,5′-羟化酶基因SrF3′5′H的克隆及表达分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE方法从鹤望兰黄色花萼中克隆到类黄酮生物合成途径关键基因SrF3′5′H。该cDNA全长1 766 bp,具有完整的开放阅读框（ORF）,共1 509个碱基,编码503个氨基酸。氨基酸同源性分析表明,SrF3′5′H编码的氨基酸序列与已报道的其他植物的F3′5′H蛋白具有很高的同源性。系统进化树分析显示,鹤望兰SrF3′5′H与非洲紫罗兰蛋白亲缘关系较近。应用半定量PCR分析表明,SrF3′5′H在始花期转录水平达到最高,且在蓝色花瓣中表达最高,在黄色花萼中几乎没有表达。     

紫色马铃薯类黄酮3，′5′-羟化酶基因（StF3′5′H）的克隆及分析

类黄酮3′,5′羟-化酶（ flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase, F3′5′H）是植物花青素生物合成途径中的一个关键酶,紫色土豆（ Solanum tueb or sum） F3′5′H基因的克隆将为花青素合成调控和花青素代谢工程研究提供优质基因资源。研究采用RACE技术克隆了紫色土豆F3′5′H基因的cDNA全长序列,用生物信息学方法对其核苷酸和蛋白质序列进行了分析,并用半定量PCR 技术分析了F3′5′H基因在不同组织中的表达情况,同时研究了赤霉素和蔗糖处理后F3′5′H基因表达与花青素积累之间的相关性。研究结果表明,克隆的紫色土豆F3′5′H的cDNA全长为1854 bp,包含一个1530 bp的完整ORF,共编码509个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,StF3′5′H基因推测编码的氨基酸序列与其它植物的F3′5′H蛋白的相似性很高。 StF3′5′H基因的表达具有组织特异性,在紫色土豆根、茎和叶柄中都有表达,其中在叶柄中表达最强,而在块茎、叶轴和叶片中几乎检测不到StF3′5′H基因的表达。赤霉素和蔗糖能促进紫色土豆StF3′5′H基因的表达,进而促进花青素的积累。     

氚标记5′-尿苷一磷酸钠盐与5′-尿苷三磷酸钠盐的制备

[5-Br]5′-UMP 钠盐经催化氚化脱卤,纸层析分离得到[5-T]5′-UMP 钠盐。[5-T]5′-UMP 钠盐经酶促磷酸化后,纸层析分离得到[5-T]5′-UTP 钠盐(同时得到[5-T]5′-UDP 钠盐)。经鉴定紫外吸收光谱性质与标准样品一致,比放射性达10居里/毫克分子,放化纯度在98%以上。     

Oligomerizations of deoxyadenosine bis-phosphates and of their 3′-5′, 3′-3′, and 5′-5′ dimers: Effects of a pyrophosphate-linked,poly(t) analog

A pyrophosphate-linked polynucleotide analog based on thymidine 3,5 bis-phosphate (pTp) catalyzes the oligomerization of activated dimers of pdAp in the presence of MgCl₂. Although no catalysis of the oligomerization of the activated monomer (ImpdAplm) was observed in the presence of MgCl₂, there was a significant stimulation of oligomerization by the template in the presence of MnCl₂.     

Synthesis of 3′-Amino-3′-deoxyguanosine 5′-Triphosphate

Abstract

Phosphorylation of 2′-0-acetyl-3′-trifluoroacetamido-3′-deoxy-N²-palmitoylguanosine with N-morpholino-O, O-bis(1-benzotriazolyl)phos-phate gives a 5′-phosphotriester. Removal of the benzotriazolyl group and addition of pyrophosphoric acid gave, after deblocking all protecting groups, GTP(3′NH₂).     

糖皮质激素受体的光亲和标记

利用[~3H]去炎松缩酮([~3H]TA)进行了糖皮质激素受体(GCR)的光亲和标记。[~3H]TA和GCR共价交联的证据有:(1)光照后,10％的三氯醋酸不能使[~3H]TA和GCR解离;(2)SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳时,有单一的放射活性峰;(3)用地塞米松保护后,GCR不被标记。采用本方法测定的GCR分子量为94000±3000 dalton,该方法可用于GCR分子量的测定、提纯和配基结合区的分析。     

THE SYNTHESIS OF DIENE-CONTAINING NUCLEOSIDE PHOSPHORAMIDITES AND THEIR USE IN THE LABELING OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDES

A variety of furan-modified nucleoside phosphoramidite monomers has been prepared and efficiently incorporated into oligonucleotides. These take part in Diels-Alder reactions with fluorescent maleimides to give fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotides. This represents a strategy for oligonucleotide labeling that is orthogonal to amine-based methods.     

Secretin Occupies a Single Protomer of the Homodimeric Secretin Receptor Complex: INSIGHTS FROM PHOTOAFFINITY LABELING STUDIES USING DUAL SITES OF COVALENT ATTACHMENT*

The secretin receptor, a prototypic family B G protein-coupled receptor, forms a constitutive homodimeric complex that is stable even in the presence of hormone. Recently, a model of this agonist-bound receptor was built based on high resolution structures reported for amino-terminal domains of other family members. Although this model provided the best solution for all extant data, including 10 photoaffinity labeling constraints, a new such constraint now obtained with a position 16 photolabile probe was inconsistent with this model. As the secretin receptor forms constitutive homodimers, we explored whether secretin might dock across both protomers of the complex, an observation that could also contribute to the negative cooperativity observed. To directly explore this, we prepared six secretin analogue probes that simultaneously incorporated two photolabile benzoylphenylalanines as sites of covalent attachment, in positions known to label distinct receptor subdomains. Each bifunctional probe was a full agonist that labeled the receptor specifically and saturably, with electrophoretic migration consistent with labeling a single protomer of the homodimeric secretin receptor. No band representing radiolabeled receptor dimer was observed with any bifunctional probe. The labeled monomeric receptor bands were cleaved with cyanogen bromide to demonstrate that both of the photolabile benzoylphenylalanines within a single probe had established covalent adducts with a single receptor in the complex. These data are consistent with a model of secretin occupying a single secretin receptor protomer within the homodimeric receptor complex. A new molecular model accommodating all constraints is now proposed.     

THE VALIDITY OF AUTORADIOGRAPHIC LABELING

As part of an experimental evaluation of autoradiographs after administration of ³H-thymidine to rats, we estimated the background distribution of silver grains. the mean level was within normally accepted limits. the distribution of non-isotope induced grains was such that the validity of all labeling studies which do not evaluate background must be subject to question.     

SYNTHESIS AND HYBRIDIZATION PROPERTIES OF RNA CONTAINING 8-CHLOROADENOSINE

ABSTRACT

8-Chloroadenosine (8-Cl-Ado) has shown potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of multiple myeloma and certain leukemias. 8-Cl-Ado treatment leads to a decrease in global RNA levels and incorporation of the analog into cellular RNA in malignant cells. To investigate the effects of 8-Cl-Ado modifications on RNA structure and function, an 8-Cl-Ado phosphoramidite and controlled-pore glass support were synthesized and used to introduce 8-Cl-Ado at internal and 3′- terminal positions, respectively. RNA oligonucleotides containing 8-chloroadenine (8-Cl-A) residues were synthesized and hybridized with complementary RNA strands. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of the resulting RNA duplexes revealed that the modified nucleobase does not perturb the overall A-form helix geometry. The thermal stabilities of 8-Cl-Ado modified duplexes were determined by UV thermal denaturation analysis and were compared with analogous natural duplexes containing standard and mismatched base pairs. The 8-Cl-Ado modification destabilizes RNA duplexes by ～5 kcal/mole, approximately as much as a U:U mismatched base pair. The duplex destabilization of 8-Cl-A may result from perturbation of Watson-Crick base pairing induced by conformational preferences of 8-halogenated nucleosides.     

MICROWAVES SYNTHESIS OF SOLID SUPPORTS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 3′-AMINOALKYL OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES

Phthalimido-alkyl alcohol solid supports were rapidly prepared from solid supported phthalic anhydride and amino alcohol condensation induced by microwaves. These supports were used to synthesize 3′-aminoalkyl oligodeoxynucleotides allowing a two step deprotection necessary to avoid aminolink alkylation.     

SYNTHESIS OF 5-METHYLAMINO-2′-DEOXYURIDINE DERIVATIVES

Reductive amination of 3′,5′-O-(tetraisopropyldisilyloxane-1,3-diyl)-2′-deoxy-5-formyluridine with several aliphatic and aromatic amines, in various solvents, is described. In the case of aliphatic amines, the expected C-5 substituted methylamino pyrimidine nucleosides are formed along with by-products deriving from opening of the pyrimidine ring. Relative amounts of the by-products depend upon the polarity of the solvent employed.     

A DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF PYRROLOCYTOSINE FROM 5-IODOCYTOSINE

We have employed a tandem Sonogashira/annulation reaction between 5-iodocytosine derivatives and terminal alkynes to yield the fluorescent bicyclic nucleobase pyrrolcytosine. Pyrrolocytosine bearing substituents only on the pyrrole ring are conveniently synthesized from 5-iodocytosine. Water soluble pyrrolocytosines are being investigated as reporter groups in SNP analysis.     

SYNTHESIS AND IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF D- AND L-ENANTIOMERS OF 5-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)URACIL NUCLEOSIDE DERIVATIVES

Recently, β-L-nucleoside analogues have emerged as a new class of sugar modified nucleosides with potential antiviral and/or antitumoral activity. As a part of our ongoing research on this topic, we decided to synthesize 5-CF₃-β-L-dUrd (7), the hitherto unknown L-enantiomer of Trifluridine, an antiherpetic drug approved by FDA but only used in topical applications due to concomitant cytotoxicity. 5-CF₃-β-L-dUrd (7) as well as some other related L-nucleoside derivatives were stereospecifically prepared and tested in vitro against viral (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and human thymidine kinases (TK).