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1.
Inheritance of resistance to the anti-microtubule dinitroaniline herbicides was investigated in a goosegrass biotype displaying an intermediate level of resistance (I). Reciprocal crosses were made between the I biotype and previously characterized susceptible (S) or resistant (R) biotypes. Eight F1 hybrids were identified, and F2 populations were produced by selfing. The dinitroaniline-herbicide response phenotype (DRP) of F1 plants, and F2 seedlings was determined using a root-growth bioassay. The DRP of F1 plants of S × I was “susceptible” (i.e., identical to the S parental plants), and the DRP of F1 plants of I × R was “intermediate” (i.e., identical to the I parental plants). Nonparental phenotypes were not observed in F1 plants. Results indicated susceptibility to be dominant over intermediate resistance and intermediate resistance to be dominant over high resistance. Analysis of reciprocal crosses ruled out any role for cytoplasmic inheritance. When treated at the discriminating concentration (e.g., 0.28 ppm oryzalin), F2 seedlings of S × I were classified as either S or I phenotype, and F2 seedlings of I × R were classified as either I or R phenotype. Again, nonparental phenotypes were not observed. The 3:1 (S:I or I:R) segregation ratios in F2 seedlings were consistent across all eight F2 families. The results show that dinitroaniline herbicide resistance in the I biotype of goosegrass is inherited as a single, nuclear gene. Furthermore, it suggests that dinitroaniline resistance in goosegrass is controlled by three alleles at a single locus (i.e., Drp-S, Drp-i, and Drp-r). 相似文献
2.
A Sattin 《Life sciences》1975,16(6):903-913
Large strain differences in neurohumorally induced increases in cyclic AMP can be observed in chopped cerebral cortex of genetically uniform strains of mice. Data from F1 hybrids of C57BL/6J × DBA/2J and preliminary data from C57BL/6J × SEC/1ReJ suggests dominant transmission by C57 of a chemical factor favoring low accumulation of cyclic AMP in the first cross and recessive transmission of this factor in the second cross. These chemical observations correlate with previously observed transmission of “low active avoidance learning” in the same hybrid strains. Results of determinations of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in supernatant fractions from C57, DBA and the C57 × DBA cross provide a possible explanation for the accumulation differences in those strains. 相似文献
3.
Calvin McMillan 《Biochemical Systematics and Ecology》1975,3(1):7-9
Starch-slab gel electrophoresis showed two patterns of peroxidase isoenzymes in the polymorphic taxon. Xanthium strumarium L. The “strumarium” morphological complex (X. strumarium, in the sense of Millspaugh and Sherff), the putative indigenous plants of the Old World, contained a different pattern from that shown by putative introductions from the New World. Experimental F1 hybrids between “strumarium” and other complexes, “italicum-pennsylvanicum”, “chinense”, “oviforme” and “cavanillesii”, had the peroxidase pattern of the American plants. These peroxidase isoenzyme patterns were not influenced by the environmental growing conditions, but, along with partial genetic incompatibility, support the taxonomic separation of X. strumarium from other taxa of section Euxanthium. 相似文献
4.
Bishnoi U.S. Jain R.K. Gupta K.R. Chowdhury V.K. Chowdhury J.B. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,61(2):153-159
An improved procedure has been developed for high frequency androgenesis in indica × Basmati rice hybrids using a liquid culture
medium. Anthers from fourteen genotypes comprising of indica × Basmati rice F1 hybrids, F2 plants and the parental rice cultivars, were floated in liquid RZM, N6M, and Heh5M media. Anther culture frequencies (percentage
of anthers forming calluses) in most of the genotypes were significantly higher in RZM medium (16–75%) compared to those obtained
in N6M (7–29%) and Heh5M (7–41%) media. Agarose (1.0% w/v)-solidified MSR1 medium containing 3.0% (w/v) maltose, 1 mg l−1 kinetin, 1 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.5 mg l−1α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) induced green shoot regeneration at high frequencies compared to the medium (MSR2) lacking
BA. In all the genotypes, microspore calluses initiated in RZM medium regenerated green shoots with over tenfold higher frequencies
compared to the calluses initiated in other two media. High plant regeneration frequencies (up to 270 green plants/1000 anthers)
were obtained from microspore-derived calluses of some of the F1 hybrids (Gobind × Basmati 370, Gobind × Taraori Basmati) and F2 plants (Gobind × Basmati 370, Gobind × Taraori Basmati, HKR86-3 × Taraori Basmati) as compared to their actual parents. Cytological
analysis of the root tips of the progeny seedlings of the microspore-derived plants revealed haploids at a frequency of about
50%; 22% of the microspore- derived plants had > 5% spikelet fertility and were diploid. Use of RZM liquid and MSR1 media,
respectively for anther culture and plant regeneration resulted in several fold increase in the recovery of green plants from
recalcitrant indica × Basmati rice F1 hybrids/F2 plants which were comparable to those reported for japonica rice varieties/hybrids leading to the improved feasibility of
using doubled haploids in genetic, breeding and mapping research with indica rice.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Retrotransposons are ubiquitous components of plants genomes, making them useful molecular markers for genetic diversity studies. We used inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) and retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) markers to assess genetic diversity and survey activity of LTR retrotransposon elements in 106 sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes from different research centers. We found 118 (out of 128) and 113 (out of 120) polymorphic loci using 14 IRAP and 14 REMAP primers, respectively. The Mantel test between IRAP and REMAP cophenetic matrices revealed low correlation (r = 0.55) between them. Dice similarities based on combined (IRAP + REMAP) data ranged from 0.34 to 0.93 among (“11 × 12” and “F1250/03”) and (“HA335B” and “TMB51”) genotypes, respectively. Classification of genotypes using the Dice similarity matrix derived from IRAP+REMAP data based on the un-weighted pair-group method using the arithmetic average algorithm resulted in nine distinct groups. The studied genotypes were divided into seven groups considering their origins (research centers). Classification of genotypes can be useful to assess the genetic variation and gene flow between and within research centers. Analysis of molecular variance based on IRAP+REMAP data revealed a higher level of genetic variation within (94%) than between (6%) research centers. A high amount of gene flow was detected among USDA, ASGROW, and ENSAT groups. Because environmental factors have no influence on molecular markers, the construction of heterotic groups based on retrotransposon markers will be useful for the selecting of parents with a high probability of producing superior hybrids. 相似文献
6.
7.
Yan An Jia Guo Lingling Lou Guan-Zheng Qu 《Journal of plant biochemistry and biotechnology.》2011,20(2):293-296
It is well understood that genetic tumors develop in certain interspecific Nicotiana hybrids. Nicotiana species are divided into “plus” and “minus” groups and crosses between “plus” and “minus” species give rise to tumorous hybrids. However, it has been proposed that parents and hybrids derived from crosses among members within the same group do not produce tumors. In this study, genetic tumors were only obtained in Nicotiana glauca, which exhibited tumor features similar to those of N. glauca × N. langsdorffii. Our results suggest that genetic factors may control tumor formation independent of tumor induction dependent on the specific interspecific cross. Genetic tumor formation exhibited high B-type and D-type cyclin expression levels, indicating tumor cells are characterized by an uncontrolled cell cycle. 相似文献
8.
Implementation of extensive citrus triploid breeding programs based on 4x?×?2x sexual hybridisations
P. Aleza J. Juárez M. Hernández P. Ollitrault L. Navarro 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2012,8(6):1293-1306
Seedlessness is one of the most important characteristics for mandarins for the fresh-fruit market, and mandarin triploid hybrids have this trait. Triploid citrus plants can be recovered by 4x?×?2x hybridisations using non-apomictic genotypes as female parents. In this study, we characterise the type of seeds obtained in 4x?×?2x hybridisations and the ploidy level of plants recovered from each type of seed. The majority of the plants recover were triploid (98.3?%), but a few diploid, tetraploid and pentaploid plants were also produced and their genetic origin was analysed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We also analysed the influence of parents and environmental conditions on the efficiency of recovery triploid hybrids. In this work, we present an effective methodology to recover triploid hybrids from 4x?×?2x hybridisations based on in vitro embryo rescue and determination of ploidy level by flow cytometry that allow us to recover more than 4,400 triploid hybrids from more than 60 parental combinations. 相似文献
9.
Effects of hybridization on sesquiterpene lactones in Xanthium strumarium were studied for clues to the relationship of Old and New World populations. In crosses between indigenous Asiatic plants in the “strumarium” morphological complex and various American complexes that produce xanthinin as a major sesquiterpene lactone, the F1 hybrids contained xanthinin and the related compounds, xanthanol, xanthatin, and xanthinosin. In other crosses with various American complexes that produce xanthumin, the stereoisomer of xanthinin, the F1 hybrids contained xanthinin and xanthumin as well as xanthinin-related compounds and their stereoisomers, xanthumanol, deacetoxylxanthumin, and tomentosin. The Asiatic plants of “strumarium” from Hong Kong involved in the crosses produce approximately equal percentages of xanthinin, xanthatin and xanthinosin, but those from India contain only xanthinosin. The putative introduction of the American morphological complex, “chinense,” contains xanthumin as the major component but shows chemical diversity that indicates genes derived from the indigenous “strumarium” complex. 相似文献
10.
K. U. Kurkiev 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2007,43(9):1058-1061
A gene determining reduced height, Rht10, from the wheat cultivar Ai-Bian 1 was introgressed into the triticale genotype. Initially, Ai-Bian 1 was crossed with the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring (CS), a carrier of Kr genes, to overcome the uncrossability of this cultivar with rye. Amphidiploids were produced by hybridizing the F2 (CS × Ai-Bian 1) plants displaying reduced height (at the level of Ai-Bian 1) with rye. Free pollination of F1 (F2 of CS × Ai-Bian 1) × Saratovskaya 7 with triticale pollen gave fertile viable hybrids; the majority of hybrids were phenotypically closer to octoploid triticale; however, the variants intermediate between octo-and hexaploids were also present. The height of amphidiploids varied from 40 to 90 cm, and the grain yield per spike amounted on the average to 11.7–24.7 grains, which exceeded essentially this value in F1 plants. 相似文献
11.
Different concentrations of in utero incubated rabbit sperm (1.5 × 104-120 × 104 /ml) were tested to determine whether there is a relationship between sperm concentration and level of fertilization achieved “in vitro” of rabbit ova. While low concentrations (1.5 × 104-4.5 × 104 /ml) resulted in relatively low fertilization (23–36%), those in the range of 13 × 104?120 × 104 /ml gave fertilization rates of 65–83%. Consistently high results were obtained with sperm counts above 40 × 104 /ml. This is in agreement with the concentration of spermatozoa found in vivo in the Fallopian tubes around the time of fertilization (50 × 104 /ml). 相似文献
12.
Two vigorous transoceanic, bigeneric hybrids, Dubautia laevigata (n = 14) × Raillardiopsis muirii (n = 8) and [Dubautia knudsenii × laxa] (n = 14) × Madia bolanderi (n = 6), and one vigorous transoceanic trigeneric hybrid, Dubautia scabra (n = 14) × [M. bolanderi × R. muirii], between mainland tarweeds and Hawaiian silversword allies were artificially produced and subjected to cytogenetic analysis. In addition to univalents, ≈46–80% of the microsporocytes scored from these hybrids exhibited from one to four bivalents. However, some of the bivalents scored in the second bigeneric hybrid represented infragenomic association of Dubautia chromosomes. Stainable pollen of these hybrids ranged from 4.4 to 49%, mostly comprising large, tetracolporate, apparently diploid grains. The functionality of such grains was demonstrated in the primary hybrid M. bolanderi × R. muirii that was used to produce the trigeneric hybrid, and suggests the possible mode of origin of the Hawaiian genome via allopolyploidy. Illustrations of parents and F1s indicate that the hybrids produced in this study generally exhibit intermediate character states. However, the phenotypes of the “ray” flowers in hybrids between discoid and radiate species were noticeably unpredictable; in one case intermediacy appeared to be expressed largely in quantitative terms, while in two others intermediacy appeared to be expressed largely in qualitative terms. 相似文献
13.
Administration of interferon (IF) inducers to mice enhances the uptake of antibody-coated erythrocytes (EA) by peritoneal macrophages. To evaluate the role of induced IF in macrophage activation, serum IF titers and phagocytosis of EA by macrophages were determined in recombinant inbred (RI) mice inoculated with Newcastle disease virus (NDV). RI strains carry either a “high” or a “low” response allele for a gene that controls their IF titers induced by NDV. C × BH and C × BK strains, both high responders for IF induction, were also found to be high responders for enhancement of phagocytosis by NDV. Conversely, strains C × BD, C × BI and C × BJ, low responders for IF induction, were also shown to be low responders for phagocytosis of EA by macrophages. In contrast, phagocytosis of EA by macrophages from high responder C × BH mice and low responder C × BD mice was similarly enhanced by the administration of a lipopolysaccharide. When data from all NDV-inoculated mice were analysed, a significant correlation was obtained between serum IF titers and the percentage of macrophages that ingested four or more EA. The results are compatible with two main possibilities: (i) IF induced by NDV enhances phagocytosis of EA by macrophages; or (ii) a macrophage-activating factor different from IF is released together with IF in response to NDV and the activity of this factor correlates with serum IF titers. 相似文献
14.
Effect of plant growth conditions, plating density, and genotype on the anther culture response of soft white spring wheat hybrids 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Ten soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) F1 hybrids were grown under three temperature regimes, and anthers were cultured at two plating densities to investigate the
effect of plant growth conditions, plating density, and genotype on embryo induction and plant regeneration. Anthers from
plants grown at high temperature (25 °/18 °C) or from plants transferred from low (15 °/12 °C) to high temperature generally
produced more embryos and green shoots, with a lower frequency of albinos, than did anthers from plants grown at low temperature.
However, plating densities of 10 versus 20 anthers per milliliter, had little effect on anther response. Four of the five
hybrids with `Fielder' as the female parent produced more embryos and green shoots than did hybrids with `AC Reed' as the
female parent.
Received: 12 July 1996 / Revision received: 1 April 1997 / Accepted: 30 April 1997 相似文献
15.
The higher frequency (almost 90%) of inheritance through pollen of heterozygous hybrids has been shown for the modified 1RS.1BL translocation compared with the 1BL telocentric, and, as a result, the segregations at the Gli-B1 and Glu-B1 loci strongly deviated from the expected values. The distance between the Glu-B1 locus and the centromere was 15.7–24.4 cM. Products of the 1RSm.1BL translocation “misdivision” were observed at a frequency of 0.05%. Both the Pavon MA1 lines and the winter wheat line with the 1RSm.1BL al translocation have shown a significant decrease in the level of homologous chromosome pairing, causing aneuploidy. These lines did not contain any reciprocal translocations with respect to the Kuyal’nik cultivar. A “hybrid desynapsis” has been observed in F1 hybrids (Kuyal’nik × Pavon MA1) in contrast to analogous hybrids from a winter line by the 1RSm.1BL al type. No single case of the 21Closed II formation has been observed among the studied 693 pollen mother cells (PMCs), which would have indicated the presence of pairing between the short arms of the 1RSm.1BL translocations and the intact chromosome 1B. 相似文献
16.
Multiphasic uptake of potassium by barley roots of low and high potassium content: Separate sites for uptake and transitions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
PER NISSEN 《Physiologia plantarum》1980,48(1):193-200
In the range 10?6M - 5 × 10?2M uptake of K+ in excised roots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Herta) with low and high K content could in both cases be represented by an isotherm with four phases. Uptake, especially in the range of the lower phases, was reduced in high K roots through decreases in Vmax and increases in Km. Similar data for other plants are also shown to be consistent with multiphasic kinetics. The concentrations at which transitions occurred were not affected by the K status, indicating the existence of separate uptake and transition sites. Uptake was markedly reduced in the presence of 10?5M 2,4-dinitrophenol, especially at low K+ concentrations, but the isotherms remained multiphasic. This contraindicates major contributions from a non-carrier-mediated, passive flux. A tentative hypothesis for multiphasic ion uptake envisions a structure which changes conformation as a result of all-or-none changes in a separate transition site. The structure is “tight” at low external ion concentrations (low Vmax. low Km. active uptake, allosteric regulation) and “loose” at high concentrations (high Vmax- high Km- facilitated diffusion, no regulation). 相似文献
17.
Halfhill MD Good LL Basu C Burris J Main CL Mueller TC Stewart CN 《Plant cell reports》2007,26(3):303-311
The goal of this research was to generate a breeding population of horseweed segregating for glyphosate resistance. In order
to generate a marker to select between hybrids of glyphosate resistant (GR) and glyphosate susceptible (GS) horseweed, a GR
horseweed accession from western Tennessee was transformed with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene. The GFP marker
allowed for the simple and accurate determination of GR hybrid plants by visual observation. GR plants were shown to be transgenic
via the green fluorescence under UV light, and resistant to glyphosate when sprayed with the field-use-rate 0.84 kg acid equivalent
ha−1 of glyphosate (i.e. RoundupTM) herbicide. An in vitro screen for glyphosate resistance in seedlings was developed, and a 5 μM glyphosate concentration
was found to reduce dry weight in GS seedlings but not in GR seedlings. The GR plants containing GFP were then hand-crossed
with GS plants from eastern Tennessee under greenhouse conditions, with GS plants acting as the pollen acceptor. Resulting
seed was collected and germinated for GFP fluorescence screening. Seedlings that exhibited the transgenic GFP phenotype were
selected as F1 hybrids between GR and GS horseweed. Thirty GS×GR hybrids were produced on the basis of a green-fluorescent GFP phenotype
of GR plants. GS×GFP/GR F1 hybrids produced F2 seeds, and F2 plants were shown to segregate for GFP fluorescence and glyphosate resistance independently. Both traits segregated at a
Mendelian 3:1 ratio, indicating a single gene is responsible for each phenotype. 相似文献
18.
To evaluate the effects of intraspecific hybridization of local and nonlocal genotypes on growth traits of progeny in Abies sachalinensis, we performed reciprocal crossing between nonlocal trees in a high‐elevation zone (1,100–1,200 m asl) and local trees in a low‐elevation zone (530 m asl) in Hokkaido, northern Japan, in 1979 and established a common garden experiment using local × local (female × male ), local × nonlocal , nonlocal × local , and nonlocal × nonlocal progeny in the low‐elevation zone in 1986. Survival, height, diameter at breast height (dbh), needle nitrogen content, specific leaf area (SLA), and needle area per shoot diameter (NA) of 25‐year‐old progeny were measured in 2005. The survival rate was consistently high (>85% on average). Reductions in height and dbh were apparent in F1 hybrids compared with local × local progeny. Furthermore, outbreeding depression was significant in height growth of nonlocal × local F1 hybrids and in dbh of both F1 hybrids. Reductions in growth traits may be related to morphological needle traits, such as the low values of SLA and NA. Elevation guidelines for A. sachalinensis seed zones are discussed to ensure the long‐term viability of both restored and native populations. 相似文献
19.
Although numerous attempts have been made during the last five decades, no hybrids combining the qualities of the two commercially
most important species have been released so far. Dry seeds of Corchorus capsularis L. var. D-154 and Corchorus olitorius L. var. C.G. were irradiated with gamma rays of various intensities from 70 Kr. to 100 Kr. and were sown in the field. Abnormal
plants of the first generation showing bilobed and crinkled characters in their leaves induced by gamma rays were chosen as
male parents. 300 crosses of different combinations were made. In all 120 fruits developed into maturity. All the seeds failed
to germinate except those from the crosses ♀ C.G. (0 Kr.) × ♂ D-154 (80 Kr.) and ♀ D-154 (0 Kr.) × ♂ C.G. (70 Kr.). F1 plants from the cross ♀ C.G. (0 Kr.) × ♂ D-154 (80 Kr.) inherited the bilobed character of the male parent whereas the plants
from the other cross failed to show any sign of inheritance of the male parent. This indicated that the plants from the cross
♀ C.G. (0 Kr.) × ♂ D-154 (80 Kr.) were hybrids. These hybrids attained a greater height than the controls and were highly
fertile. 相似文献
20.
H. Li S. G. Zhang J. M. Gao C. G. Wang Y. Zhang L. W. Qi L. Chen W. Q. Song 《Biologia Plantarum》2008,52(3):525-528
In this study, bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used on Larix leptolepis × Larix olgensis hybrids to identify a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker associated with high rooting ability in larch. Two DNA
bulks: H (high rooting ability) bulk and L (low rooting ability) bulk were constructed according to the rooting percentages
of the stock plants. Among the 328 primers, only S356 could amplify a specific band, named S356445, which only existed in the H bulk and was further confirmed following selective genotyping of individual hybrids. Grounded
on the border sequences, S356445 was converted to a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, HRL445, which can be useful in marker-assisted
selection (MAS) to screen for larch with high rooting ability. All the results strongly indicated that S356445 and HRL445 were closely associated with high rooting ability in larch. 相似文献