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1.
Ongoing success throughout regional development is contingent on maintaining the function, quality and harmony progress in society, economy and environment domains, so exploring the interaction and relation among them should be considerable significant. The model by coupling principal component analysis and vector autoregressive, which relate the aggregated values and dynamic analysis among factors, is proposed to achieve the qualitative and quantitative analysis of interaction and relation among society, economy and environment subsystem, providing a framework to conceptualize the influences among their changes and simulate the future scenarios in the Bohai Rim region. The impulse response analysis and variance decomposition of vector autoregressive method, in particular, permit dynamic interaction between every two systems and display clear decomposition of contribution for each change, respectively. This study results show that: there is a virtuous circle of promotion between economic growth and social progress no matter which is regarded as the endogenous variable during the study period, and yet the negative effect to environmental changes had been produced; what the improvement of social and environmental situation need most might be advancing its own progress; it is also reflected that the entire complicated system walk on the path of unsustainable development due to the evident disequilibrium of three subsystems; and the scenario analysis results obviously tell that in order to attain coordinated development, the annual growth rate of 12% to 16% of overall environmental level should be anticipated along with 8% of social and economic level improve. The study guide future possibilities for relatively more harmonious interconnections among social, economic and the environmental development.  相似文献   

2.
檀菲菲  陆兆华 《生态学报》2016,36(8):2403-2412
区域可持续发展水平、发展的持续性和系统的协调性是区域可持续发展定量评价研究的三角构架,而在传统上基于各子系统主成分分析结果直接进行形色各异的加权计算对可持续发展评价而言是有待商榷的。提出了非线性主成分分析和施密特正交化(NLPCA-GSO)相耦合的方法评价区域的可持续发展水平来弥补传统方法的不足,并由此建立区域发展持续性模型和可持续发展系统协调度模型,再以环渤海区域为实证分析其2001—2010年的可持续发展状况。结果表明:基于NLPCA-GSO的可持续发展水平模型可以很好地弥补传统主成分分析及对各子系统结果的综合评价的不足;区域发展持续性模型、协调性模型和区域可持续系统变化的滤波分析形象地揭示区域可持续发展的实质和内涵;实证研究表明环渤海区域在研究时段内可持续发展水平有所上升,而环境子系统持续性的下降是引起区域发展持续性和系统协调度的变化的主要原因。研究结果可丰富区域可持续发展评价的方法学,也可为环渤海区域的可持续发展研究奠定基础。  相似文献   

3.
矿区生态规划的思考   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16  
在总结国内外生态规划研究现状,趋势的基础上,分析了研究矿区生态规划的必要性,意义,提出了矿区生态规划的研究目标、内容与方法,论述了矿区生态规划研究的特色,同时指出,矿区生态规划理论与方法的提出了与建立既是矿区可持续发展的需要,也是生态规划理论与方法在矿区的应用与发展,需要多学科专家、学者的积极参与和合作。  相似文献   

4.
华廷  赵文武 《生态学报》2019,39(20):7788-7791
联合国可持续发展目标峰会于2019年9月24、25号在纽约召开,各国政府的高层人员就加速推进2030年可持续发展议程进行了全面审议和讨论。目前就全球而言,因为致命冲突、气候危机、经济增长不平衡等原因,人类在推动实现可持续发展目标的道路上已经偏离了既定轨道。为此,大会通过了一项政治宣言,联合国成员国承诺在未来十年筹措资金,努力在2030年之前实现17项可持续发展目标(SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals),并且不让任何人掉队。同时,多国政府和组织结合自身情况,提出了126项SDGs加速行动(SDG Acceleration Actions)。我国代表在峰会上发表演讲指出,中国政府将可持续发展作为基本国策,全面深入落实2030年可持续发展议程,中国目前在脱贫、医疗、教育等方面进展明显,有望提前实现多项可持续发展目标。  相似文献   

5.
At the UN in New York the Open Working Group created by the UN General Assembly proposed a set of global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which comprises 17 goals and 169 targets. Further to that, a preliminary set of 330 indicators was introduced in March 2015. Some SDGs build on preceding Millennium Development Goals while others incorporate new ideas. A critical review has revealed that indicators of varied quality (in terms of the fulfilment certain criteria) have been proposed to assess sustainable development. Despite the fact that there is plenty of theoretical work on quality standards for indicators, in practice users cannot often be sure how adequately the indicators measure the monitored phenomena. Therefore we stress the need to operationalise the Sustainable Development Goals’ targets and evaluate the indicators’ relevance, the characteristic of utmost importance among the indicators’ quality traits. The current format of the proposed SDGs and their targets has laid a policy framework; however, without thorough expert and scientific follow up on their operationalisation the indicators may be ambiguous. Therefore we argue for the foundation of a conceptual framework for selecting appropriate indicators for targets from existing sets or formulating new ones. Experts should focus on the “indicator-indicated fact” relation to ensure the indicators’ relevance in order for clear, unambiguous messages to be conveyed to users (decision- and policy-makers and also the lay public). Finally we offer some recommendations for indicators providers in order to contribute to the tremendous amount of conceptual work needed to lay a strong foundation for the development of the final indicators framework.  相似文献   

6.
侯焱臻  赵文武  刘焱序 《生态学报》2019,39(18):6943-6949
2019年4月29日至5月4日,生物多样性和生态系统服务政府间科学与政策平台(IPBES)第七届全体会议在法国巴黎召开,会议通过了IPBES全球评估报告,指出当前全球正面临自然衰退\"史无前例\"和物种灭绝率\"加速\"的局面,保护和恢复自然需要\"变革性改变\"。会议于2019年5月6日发布决策者摘要,核心内容包括:(1)自然及其对人类的重要贡献的评估;(2)直接和间接的驱动力分析;(3)全球目标和政策方案;(4)政策工具、选项和最佳实践等内容。IPBES全球评估报告为我国生态系统服务和可持续发展领域的研究带来如下启示:(1)系统评估我国生物多样性与生态系统保护现状;(2)探讨推动我国可持续发展的变革性方案;(3)加强可持续发展的高等教育与公众宣传。  相似文献   

7.
    
The relationship between sustainability and happiness is an intriguing and growing research area (Cloutier et al., 2013; Montgomery, 2013; Florida et al., 2013; Leyden et al., 2011). However, a review of primary literature and research indicates a missing gap in neighborhood level assessments of sustainability and happiness. The Sustainable Neighborhoods for Happiness Index (SNHI) was developed using city level data and studies (Cloutier et al., 2014), but was created with the intent of serving as a neighborhood measure. Within this paper, we detail the development of the Sustainable Neighborhoods for Happiness (SNfH) Decision Tool – a neighborhood level assessment tool, derived from the SNHI, to assist in decisions around future strategies for sustainable community development. While several sustainability decision tools exist, there is a need for those that are easily understood and accessible to neighborhood stakeholders (e.g., residents, community leaders, city employees). The SNfH Decision Tool was created with a user-friendly graphical front-end and embedded back-end calculations to inform users. The goal is to help neighborhood stakeholders identify the needs of their community to swiftly take action to alleviate issues and promote a sustainable and happy future.  相似文献   

8.
环渤海湿地是水鸟南北迁徙的重要驿站,尤其对于该线路上的鸻鹬鸟类具有非常重要的意义。以环渤海地区12处典型滨海湿地为研究对象,于2016-2020年每年春季开展水鸟调查,明确了鸻鹬类水鸟群落组成及其时空变化,采用结构方程模型 (Structural Equation Modeling,SEM)分析了鸻鹬类水鸟多样性与环境因子的响应关系,评估了各环境因子的影响强度。结果表明:(1)共记录到鸻鹬类水鸟7科51种,几乎全部为旅鸟。全球极危物种1种,濒危物种3种,近危物种9种。国家一级保护鸟类2种,国家二级保护鸟类8种。黑腹滨鹬(Calidris alpina)、大滨鹬(Calidris tenuirostris)、黑尾塍鹬(Limosa limosa)、灰鸻(Pluvialis squatarola)、斑尾塍鹬(Limosa lapponica)个体数量最多。(2)山东黄河三角洲、辽宁辽河口、天津北大港等河口湿地,水鸟种类多,单位面积水鸟数量较少。(3)河北沧州沿海、山东滨州贝壳堤岛及其周边区域为环渤海地区湿地集中区,水鸟种类较多。(4)综合影响强度为保护强度>食物>气候,建立自然保护地是保护水鸟多样性的最有效措施。(5)建议将河北南大港湿地和鸟类省级自然保护区提升至国家级,扩大滨州贝壳堤岛与湿地国家级自然保护区面积,对山东黄河三角洲、辽宁辽河口覆盖的各级各类自然保护地进行优化整合。研究结果能为环渤海地区鸻鹬类水鸟保护策略的制定提供相关依据。  相似文献   

9.
滤减UV-B辐射对烟叶腺毛发育和密度动态变化的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以烟草品种\"K326\"为材料,盆栽种植于自然环境条件下(CK)和覆盖不同厚度透明薄膜,分别滤减25%(T1)、50%(T2)和65%(T3)UV-B辐射的大棚中,在\"K326\"开花期至工艺成熟后期的4个生育期,通过扫描电镜观察了各处理烟叶腺毛形态和密度动态变化特征,并首次报道了\"K326\"中存在分枝腺毛。结果表明:上表皮腺毛在开花期、生理成熟期和工艺成熟前期对UV-B辐射敏感,下表皮则在开花期和工艺成熟后期对UV-B辐射敏感;T3处理腺毛密度低且延缓腺毛的发育,T1和T2处理腺毛密度较高,在工艺成熟期出现二次发育现象;各处理烟叶腺毛以长柄腺毛为主,CK、T1、T2下表皮腺毛总密度大于上表皮,而T3上、下表皮差异不大;滤减UV-B辐射有利于烟叶下表皮长柄腺毛发育,而引起腺毛二次发育的腺毛类型依处理和时期而异;适当较高强度的UV-B辐射对烟叶腺毛发育有促进作用,在研究地减弱25%~50%的UV-B辐射强度对烟叶腺毛发育较为合适。  相似文献   

10.
甘肃白龙江林区森林资源可持续发展力的评价   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在森林资源可持续发展理论指导下,构建了森林资源可持续发展力综合评价指标的体系.以白龙江林区为例,通过对所选择的5个策略层(中间层,B层),20个措施层(最低层,C层)指标值的计算和纠正,建立森林资源可持续发展力评价的协调度模型:DH=∑BiPi.1996年的DH=0.5320,2000年的DH=0.6100,虽然均小于其理论值0.7000,判定该林区处于非可持续发展状态。但同时表明该林区正向可持续发展目标前进.  相似文献   

11.
用1959年全国海洋普查中网浮游动物标本,分析渤海水母类,枝角类,糠虾,毛虾和幼虫类的数量分布和季节变化,结果表明,水母类以近岸低盐种为主,主要出现在莱州湾,渤海湾和辽东湾近岸水域,冬季出现的种类较少,优势种为八斑芮氏水母;夏季种类较多,优势种为半球杯水母和嵊山多胃水母等,鸟喙尖头蚤为近岸高温低盐种,主要出现在莱州湾,数量在6月份达到最大值,箭虫是海主要肉食性种类之一,其数量高峰期出现在9月份,长住囊虫的季节变化呈双峰型变化,第1次数量高峰出现在5月份,第2次数量高峰出现在8月份。该种大部分时间主要分布在莱州湾,渤海湾和辽东湾近岸水域,渤海出现的糠虾有长额刺糠虾和漂浮囊糠虾,其中长额否则糠虾受温度的影响较小,在春,夏秋,各有一个数量高峰;漂浮囊糠虾在秋末数量明显增加,这两种糠虾主要分布在渤海湾和辽东湾近岸水域。/三叶针尾涟虫属于低温种类,主要出现在秋季和冬季,细长脚绒属夏季高温种,在6,7月份数量较高,该种的分布受盐度影响比较大,主要出现在受黄海海流影响的谪盐水域,数量较大的幼虫有桡足类的六肢幼体,多毛类海稚虫科的幼体,以壳类幼体和腹足类幼体,其中桡足类六肢幼体和海稚虫科的幼体在5月份出现较多,腹足类幼体在6.7月份数量较高,双壳类幼体在8月份数量较高。  相似文献   

12.
三峡库区移民安置区生态农业发展模式的研究   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
就三峡库区农用土地的分布、开发方式、存在问题、生态农业发展模式等方面进行了初步的探讨.在分析三峡库区现已开发的农用土地存在着地力衰退、生产力低、自然灾害频繁及生态环境恶化等问题的基础上,从人与自然相协调的角度,提出了建立农林复合生态系统、木本粮油型、农林牧复合型、农林牧渔复合型的发展模式的思路和建议.  相似文献   

13.
    
In the European Union the sustainable development is a fundamental and overarchingobjective enshrined in the Treaty and measuring progress towards sustainable development is an integral part of the EU Sustainable Development Strategy. Eurostat produce a monitoring report every two years based on the EU set of sustainable development indicators (SDIs). The main objective of this paper is to create an aggregated index of the sustainable development from EU set of SDIs for each 27 EU country based on the PCA. The headline indicator economic growth was not involved because its increase is not expressly followed by positive change in other SDIs from social, economic and environmental fields. The aggregated SD index enables to get an overall picture about the position of each of the 27 EU countries and its development in terms of the sustainability over time as assumed in the EU Sustainable Development Strategy. Sweden, Denmark, Netherland, and Great Britain have repeatedly reached the highest value of aggregated SD index. The highest positive change in the aggregated SD index has occurred in countries with the lowest value of aggregated SD index. Moreover, we put this new aggregated index in relation with economic growth and found that there is a negative correlation between aggregated SD index and the economic growth for most of the 27 EU countries.  相似文献   

14.
研究通过问卷法,调查了四川、重庆、贵州、新疆、内蒙、甘肃、宁夏、陕西等西部地区的民众在西部大开发中可能采取的应对方式。结果表明:在精神文明建设等九个典型问题上,不同年龄、不同职业以及不同文化程度的民众在西部大开发中的应对方式都有所不同。但是总的来说,民众应对方式倾向都是积极适应的,这对顺利开展西部大开发是有利的。  相似文献   

15.
论农业持续发展中的化感作用   总被引:26,自引:4,他引:26  
综述了农业生产中的化感作用,建议应合理有效地运用化感作用中的相生相克效应,改进秸秆还田,载培的耕作措施以及杂草和虫害生物防治技术,为我国的农业持续发展提出新的对策。  相似文献   

16.
生态系统服务功能与可持续发展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
张雪英  黎颖治 《生态科学》2004,23(3):286-288
本文阐述了生态系统服务功能,生态系统不仅为人类提供了食品、医药及其它生产生活原料,更重要的是维持了人类赖以生存的生命支持系统,维持物质的生物地化循环与水文循环,维持生物多样性,净化环境,维持大气化学的平衡与稳定;分析探讨了生态系统服务功能及其与可持续发展研究的关系,可持续发展要以保护生态环境为基础,与资源和环境的承载能力相协调,而人类活动对森林、湿地和其他生态系统的破坏,已严重危害了生态系统的服务功能,保护生态系统服务功能已刻不容缓;从而提出了保护生态服务功能的对策。  相似文献   

17.
广东省自然保护区开展生态旅游的探讨   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
张林英  徐颂军 《生态科学》2002,21(4):374-376
以生态学的观点,依据可持续发展的原则,从广东省自然保护区现状及生态旅游自身特点出发,将二者有机结合起来,详细论证了广东省自然保护区发展生态旅游的可行性、存在问题及解决办法,并对发展前景做出预测和展望。  相似文献   

18.
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is a major step forward towards an integrated approach of biodiversity and conservation to sustainable development. The CBD mentions in its preamble the intrinsic value of biological diversity and the ecological, genetic, social, economic, scientific, educational, cultural, recreational and aesthetic values of biological diversity and its components. However, there are still grave implementation deficits in practise on global, European, and national level. Therefore, the following research analyses the extend to which the different values mentioned in the preamble of the CBD are already included into a selection of European and international regulations related to biodiversity and to which extent a condensed amount of the same criteria is applied for comprehensive, transparent, and comparable evaluations. The study reveals that the established European and international biodiversity-related regulations do not sufficiently consider the different values of biodiversity, but also do not relate them to the same incomplete criteria. They still follow the traditional nature conservation approach, which has failed to halt the loss of biodiversity. Democratic participatory processes are needed, which integrate the different measures of Agenda 21 while applying the interdisciplinary evaluation framework of biodiversity for sustainable development.  相似文献   

19.
生态系统原理与可持续农业   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13  
论述了农业生态系统的能量流动物质循环原理、系统相关原理、相生相克原理、忍耐极限原理、结构功能原理、系统开放原理、限制因子原理、非加和原理、生物竞争原理和竞争排斥原理 ;认为中国生态农业是一种较为典型的可持续发展的农业系统类型 ,建议在国家持续农业发展进程中要积极推行生态农业 .  相似文献   

20.
中国2002年省域生态足迹分析   总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30  
采用中国实际单产法计算和分析了2002年中国各省市生态足迹及其构成,发现各省市生态足迹及其构成差异较大,其中人均耕地足迹由陕西的0.078 hm2增加到北京的0.126 hm2,人均草地足迹由江西的0.020 hm2增加到西藏的0.372 hm2,人均林地足迹由贵州的0.020 hm2增加到北京的0.209 hm2,人均水域足迹由西藏的0.001 hm2增加到上海的0.011 hm2,人均建筑用地足迹由贵州的0.013 hm2增加到内蒙古的0.054 hm2,人均化石能源足迹由广西的0.251 hm2增加到山西的2.854 hm2.东部、南部省市各地类多处于生态赤字状态,北部、西部省市各地类多处于生态盈余状态.从生态足迹、人均GDP和万元GDP足迹的相互关系来看,各地区存在较大的差异,如人均生态足迹为1 hm2·cap-1的省份包括福建、河南、四川、安徽、云南、陕西和贵州,其人均GDP由福建的1.35万元降至贵州的0.3万元,而万元GDP足迹却由福建的0.74 hm2增至贵州的3.51hm2.因此,要缓解中国资源短缺与经济发展之间的矛盾,要首先从人均生态足迹大、经济发展落后、万元GDP足迹高的省市入手,改变其经济增长方式和产业结构,使经济的发展对资源的依赖性逐渐降低,提高资源利用效率,提高其足迹经济产出率,大力发展经济,实现生态、资源、经济的可持续发展.  相似文献   

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