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1.
    
Understanding the physical processes of point source (PS) and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is critical to evaluate river water quality and identify major pollutant sources in a watershed. In this study, we used the physically-based hydrological/water quality model, Soil and Water Assessment Tool, to investigate the influence of PS and NPS pollution on the water quality of the East River (Dongjiang in Chinese) in southern China. Our results indicate that NPS pollution was the dominant contribution (>94%) to nutrient loads except for mineral phosphorus (50%). A comprehensive Water Quality Index (WQI) computed using eight key water quality variables demonstrates that water quality is better upstream than downstream despite the higher level of ammonium nitrogen found in upstream waters. Also, the temporal (seasonal) and spatial distributions of nutrient loads clearly indicate the critical time period (from late dry season to early wet season) and pollution source areas within the basin (middle and downstream agricultural lands), which resource managers can use to accomplish substantial reduction of NPS pollutant loadings. Overall, this study helps our understanding of the relationship between human activities and pollutant loads and further contributes to decision support for local watershed managers to protect water quality in this region. In particular, the methods presented such as integrating WQI with watershed modeling and identifying the critical time period and pollutions source areas can be valuable for other researchers worldwide.  相似文献   

2.
用硅藻计于1990年采集珠江广州河段的9个采样点的附着硅藻群落.共得硅藻24个属,170个分类单位,其中,适腐性种8个,广腐性种84个,仍腐性种78个.群落相似性聚类分析表明,位于前、后航道中部的员村(st3),新造(st8),沙浴村(si10)三点的硅藻群落结构是为相似,向上,下游相似性逐渐减小.用硅藻群集指数(DAIpo)和河流污染指数(RPId)对各采样断面的水质进行分析表明:大盛(st12)和莲花山(st5)两点受污染最轻,属β-寡污带,黄沙点(st2)污染最严重,属α-中污带.对照点鸦岗(St1)也受到一定的污染,属α-寡污带,其它点的污染程度在α-寡污带与β-中污带之间.DAIpo值与BODS存在着显著的负相关(r=0.86).珠江广州河段的前、后航道的污染程度相差不大(RPId=56.42,56.26),均属中度污染.  相似文献   

3.
用硅藻计于1990年采集珠江广州河段的9个采样点的附着硅藻群落.共得硅藻24个属,170个分类单位,其中,适腐性种8个,广腐性种84个,仍腐性种78个.群落相似性聚类分析表明,位于前、后航道中部的员村(st3),新造(st8),沙浴村(si10)三点的硅藻群落结构是为相似,向上,下游相似性逐渐减小.用硅藻群集指数(DAIpo)和河流污染指数(RPId)对各采样断面的水质进行分析表明:大盛(st12)和莲花山(st5)两点受污染最轻,属β-寡污带,黄沙点(st2)污染最严重,属α-中污带.对照点鸦岗(St1)也受到一定的污染,属α-寡污带,其它点的污染程度在α-寡污带与β-中污带之间.DAIpo值与BODS存在着显著的负相关(r=0.86).珠江广州河段的前、后航道的污染程度相差不大(RPId=56.42,56.26),均属中度污染.  相似文献   

4.
2011年夏秋季,在上海市全境83个河道断面开展了大型底栖无脊椎动物采样,共获取底栖动物20个分类单位(种).9个极严重污染断面未采集到活体大型底栖生物,生境基本丧失.其余74个有活体生物断面,采用三种常用生物指数:Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Hilsenhoff耐污指数、Goodnight修正指数分别进行计算及评价.Shannon-Wiener多样性指数判别为25个严重污染和49个重污染断面;Hilsenhoff耐污指数划分38个重污染、5个中污染和31个轻污染断面;Goodnight修正指数划分33个重污染、2个中污染和39个轻污染断面.与典型河道断面的水质理化指标监测值进行对照,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数对河道水质评价的准确度较低,Hilsenhoff生物指数和Goodnight修正指数的水质评价效率及准确度均较高,断面污染等级与水质理化指标基本对应.  相似文献   

5.
Samples from 28 stations along the St. Joeeph River in Michigan and Indiana were collected in the Summer and late Fall of 1972. The samples were analyzed chemically (BOD, soluble orthophosphate, total phosphate, and NH3), physically (temperature and suspended solids) and biologically (algal units, Palmer's index, bacteria, and microalgal spectral analysis). Three methods of algal evaluation (microalgal spectral analysis, algal units, and the Palmer's index) provided especially good information indicating that nutrients and degradation were a distinct problem in the lower half of the river, not only in the Indiana portion, but also in Michigan. A pronounced water quality deterioration occurred in Michigan at Niles and at St. Joseph-Benton Harbor at the mouth of the river. Evidence of improved water quality was provided by the algal analyses after the installation of improved waste water treatment facilities. Microalgal spectral analysis was judged the best and most accurate of the methods of algal analysis in spite of its extensive terminology and necessity of determination of the algae to species.  相似文献   

6.
东江沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用ICP-MS对东江河流沉积物中的重金属进行分析,发现东江沉积物中Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg等重金属呈现相同的变化特点,高值区和低值区基本一致.东江流域沉积物的重金属污染物主要是Cu、Zn、Cd、Hg、Pb,其平均含量分别为157.29、213.21、0.98、0.42、50.77mg·kg-1,均高于中国大陆沉积物背景值.地累积指数法和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对东江流域沉积物污染程度和生态危害程度的评价结果显示,东江沉积物中地累积指数从大到小的顺序为Cd、Cu、Zn、Hg、Pb;从总的污染程度来看,东江沉积物中各重金属对生态风险影响程度从大到小的顺序为Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn;从总的生态风险指数上看,整个东江流域除处于上游的河源市段生态风险低外,处于中游的惠州段生态风险为"较高",处于下游的东莞段生态风险为"极高".  相似文献   

7.
Intrinsic uncertainties and subjectivities of environmental problems have been increasingly dealt by using computation methods based on artificial intelligence. In order to evaluate this tool's applicability, this study proposed the creation of a new water quality index based on fuzzy logic, the fuzzy water quality index (FWQI). The performance of the index proposed in the present work is assessed through a comparison with several water quality indices (WQIs) suggested in the literature, using data from hydrographic surveys of the Ribeira de Iguape River, in the southwestern part do São Paulo State, Brazil, from 2004 to 2006. The index was reasonably close to the other indices and showed a good correlation with the WQI traditionally calculated in Brazil. This new index may also be used as an alternative tool for decision-making in environmental management.  相似文献   

8.
2015年对宜兴莲花荡水系四个季节浮游动物调查,共鉴定出浮游动物136种,其中,原生动物72种、轮虫39种、枝角类13种、桡足类9种、其他幼虫及卵3种。群落结构以原生动物和轮虫小型浮游动物为主。浮游动物的年平均密度为14 664 ind/L,年平均生物量为4.903 mg/L,生物多样性指数H′年平均值为2.26。浮游动物密度以及生物量随季节变化比较明显。对浮游动物密度、生物量、多样性指数与水质指标进行Pearson相关性分析,发现总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH4+-N)以及溶解氧(DO)是影响浮游动物密度的主要因素。结合生物多样性指数评价方法以及优势种情况,判定莲花荡水系整体处于中污型。  相似文献   

9.
    
To assess water quality of reservoirs in lower reaches of Yellow River using the water quality index (WQI) method and try to compare water quality and main contaminations of mountain and Yellow River reservoirs, water samples were carried out over 6 years. Nine water variables were selected to participate WQI calculation by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). WQI values ranged from 17.8 to 77.8 in five reservoirs, which indicated “good” to “very poor” water quality of reservoirs. No significant differences in WQIs were found between mountain and Yellow River reservoirs. A major finding from our study is that mercury was the main contamination in 5 reservoirs, while TP (total phosphorus) and SO4 were another main contaminations in mountain and Yellow River reservoirs, respectively. Application of the WQI is suggested to be a helpful tool that enables the public and decision makers to evaluate water quality of drinking reservoirs in lower reaches of Yellow River.  相似文献   

10.
晋江流域水质污染与浮游动物四季群落结构的关系   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
报道了2003年2、4、6、8、10和12月在福建晋江流域15个样点进行浮游动物群落生态学调查研究的结果。采用种类组成、种群数量、优势种群、Margalef和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数等参数,初步比较了流域中各不同河段的水质状况,结果显示,流域受污染程度的顺序为东、西溪〈晋江干流〈南、北干渠。东溪、西溪上过度开发的梯级水电站对浮游动物群落结构和水质有明显的影响,加速了水体富营养化进程。  相似文献   

11.
基于PSR的黄河河口区生态系统健康评价   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
牛明香  王俊  徐宾铎 《生态学报》2017,37(3):943-952
根据压力-状态-响应(PSR)框架模型,从广义上定义河口区生态系统,将河口及毗邻的陆域、海域生态系统作为一个整体,从压力指标、状态指标、响应指标3个方面构建了黄河河口区生态系统健康评价的指标体系,以研究区1991年数据和相关国家标准为基准,2013年代表现况,利用综合指数法(CEI)评价了黄河河口区的生态系统健康状况。结果显示:黄河河口区生态系统健康评价的响应指数最高(0.9055),压力指数居中(0.8288),状态指数最低(0.6458),综合指数为0.7427。总体来看,与1991年相比,目前黄河河口区生态系统仍处于\"健康\"状态,但健康状况明显下降,其中状态指数下降最为严重。从区域轻度开发到人类活动强烈干扰阶段,黄河河口区存在过度捕捞、湿地不合理开发、浅海养殖过度及污染物排放等一系列影响生态系统健康的问题,应进行区域的生态恢复和科学管理。  相似文献   

12.
1985年10月—1986年6月在英国泰晤士河Datchet监测站采得藻类标本共32号,经鉴定有蓝藻门、隐藻门、金藻门、硅藻门、裸藻门和绿藻门的藻类植物共30个属,其中以硅藻门的种类最多,尤其以冠盘藻属最为丰富,为该河流的优势属。由于该属某些种为富营养化水体的指示植物并大量繁殖,可见其水质的基本情况。除了定性分析鉴定藻类的种属外,也从三个方面进行了有关藻类生长情况的定量研究,结果表明,藻类在生长的高峰期,细胞总数为15558个/ml,其中冠盘藻属达14408个/ml,占细胞总数的93%;叶绿素a 96μg/ml;悬浮颗粒物总数为63392个/ml,悬浮颗粒物总体积为31.584μm3×106/ml。    相似文献   

13.
    
The use of borrowed indices to assess stream health has limitations and research suggests a need to develop more reliable regionally based indices that are sensitive to the relationship between taxa and environmental conditions. Implementing this is challenging in the Southern Hemisphere given the scarcity of diatom indices, specifically in sub-tropical areas. The purpose of this study was to develop a regionally based diatom index to assess freshwater lotic systems in sub-tropical eastern Australia and compare the results with borrowed indices to derive meaningful inferences on river health. A total of 119 epilithic diatom and water samples were collected during 2014–2015 from the Richmond River Catchment in Northern NSW Australia. Statistical analysis indicated that total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) were strong variables influencing the data set and subsequently TP was chosen as a nutrient proxy for the index. Analysis of diatoms resulted in TP sensitivity values (1–5) being assigned to 105 species with relative abundance of >1% in the data set. These species were used to calculate the Richmond River Diatom Index (RRDI) for 45 sites within the Catchment. The index effectively scored sites along the environmental gradient with sites in the upper catchment generally scoring lower (healthier) than the mid and lower catchment sites. The index compared positively with both the Diatom Species Index for Australian Rivers (DSIAR) (r = 0.76) and the Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) (r = 0.65). Further research is suggested to test the RRDI on independent sites in neighbouring catchments and develop class boundaries from the RRDI so that the index can be readily used by water managers to assess and monitor freshwater systems in sub-tropical Australia.  相似文献   

14.
三峡库区古夫河着生藻类分布与水质因子的关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
于2010年12月至2011年12月,对位于长江三峡库区内的湖北省兴山县古夫河着生的藻类和水体共采样10次,共鉴定出着生藻类28属,检测水质指标12项。对水质变量进行因子分析,根据特征值大于1的原则选取4个主成分,第一主成分主要代表总氮(TN)和硝酸盐氮(NO3--N),第二主成分主要代表pH和化学需氧量(CODCr),第三主成分主要代表磷酸盐磷(PO34--P)、总磷(TP)和氨氮(NH4+-N),第四主成分主要代表电导率(Cond)和总有机碳(TOC)。将提取的9项主要水质因子与着生藻类重要属进行典型对应分析(CCA),结果可见,古夫河主要水质因子与着生藻类类群分布相关性大小为:CODCr〉pH〉TN〉NO3--N〉TOC〉TP〉PO34--P〉Cond〉NH4+-N。Monte Carlo显著性检验表明,CODCr和pH对古夫河着生藻类物种组成及空间分布的影响最大,其次为TN、NO3--N和TOC。pH与CODCr呈极强的负相关关系,古夫河着生藻类大多数类群均与CODCr表现出正相关关系,仅胶毛藻属(Chaetophora)倾向低CODcr和偏碱性的环境。TN和NO3--N有很强正相关性,而两者均与TOC有强负相关,它们将古夫河着生藻类大体上分为两类,即亲碳元素的类群和亲氮元素的类群。TP通常是河流生态系统中的限制性营养因子,但在古夫河流域中并不是影响着生藻类物种分布的主要水质因子。  相似文献   

15.
黄河流域甘肃段是中国重要的生态屏障,明确其生态环境变化趋势和驱动机制对推动黄河流域的生态保护与可持续高质量发展具有重要意义。本研究基于谷歌地球引擎(GEE),利用2000—2022年的遥感数据构建遥感生态指数(RSEI)模型,通过Theil-Sen median趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验、变异系数、Hurst指数及地理探测器等方法,分析了研究区生态环境质量的时空变化及驱动机制。结果表明: 2000—2022年,黄河流域甘肃段生态环境质量总体呈周期性波动上升趋势,空间上呈现西高东低、南高北低的格局。研究区生态环境质量以良、中等和差等级为主,其中,改善区域占总面积的87.5%,退化区域占12.4%。研究区内76.5%的区域生态稳定性较高,而23.6%的区域生态稳定性较低。预测未来研究区内有64.2%的区域可能面临生态退化的风险。年降水量是影响研究区生态环境质量的主要因素,与海拔、年均温和土地覆盖等因子共同作用,各因子的交互显著增强了对生态环境变化的解释力。本研究可为该区域的生态环境质量监测和保护提供科学依据。  相似文献   

16.
新疆额尔齐斯河周丛藻类群落结构特征研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
周丛藻类是新疆跨境河流土著及特有鱼类重要的基础饵料资源, 然而在该地区有关周丛藻类的研究目前尚属空白。有鉴于此, 2012年7、8、10月对新疆跨境河流额尔齐斯河全流域的周丛藻类群落结构进行了系统的调查分析。结果表明, 周丛藻类隶属7门70属178种, 由硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门、裸藻门、黄藻门、金藻门和甲藻门组成, 其中硅藻门有92种并占据绝对优势(51.7%), 绿藻门49种(30.3%), 蓝藻门20种(11.8%), 裸藻门5种(2.8%), 黄藻门3种(1.7%), 金藻门2种(0.1%), 甲藻门仅1种(0.6%), 周丛藻类在不同月份的种类数存在显著差异(P 0.01)。优势种主要为硅藻门的嗜盐舟形藻(Navicula halophila)、钝脆杆藻(Fragilaria capucina Desm)、极小桥弯藻(Cymbella perpusilla Cl)以及蓝藻门的皮状席藻(Phormidium corium Gom)等。研究期间, 额尔齐斯河周丛藻类的密度和生物量的均值分别为1105.5106 ind./m2和2692.0 mg/m2, 不同月份间密度和生物量的分布差异不显著, 但在空间分布上整体趋势为中下游地区高于上游地区。水温和营养盐成为影响其分布的主要环境因子。Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的平均值分别是0.38、3.04、0.66和2.55。运用多样性指数和藻类丰度对额尔齐斯河水质评价为轻度污染。  相似文献   

17.
火溪河底栖动物现状及水质评价   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
1996年8月,11月各一次调查火溪河的底栖动物。共采集到到底栖动物39种,其数量为87.3ind/m^2,优势种类为方巢石蚕、四节蜉、小蜉、光石蝇和溪在非议 五种。火溪河底栖运行具有明显的山地型、流水型特点、时空分布一致。应用BMWP记分,BBI/FBI生物指数和Syannon多样性指数对脂河水质进行评价,表明水质清洁。作者建议以方巢石蚕70.0ind/m^2作为火溪河水质清洁与轻污的一个界定值  相似文献   

18.
于2009~2016年对江西东江源区主要山脉的森林植物开展持续调查,采集维管植物标本2402号,结合文献资料,整理出该区域维管植物名录,并进行统计分析。结果显示:本次调查共记录维管植物1286种,隶属于190科640属。其中,蕨类植物35科65属134种,裸子植物6科8属9种,被子植物149科567属1143种;种类最丰富的科有菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)、蝶形花科(Papilionaceae)、蔷薇科(Rosaceae);乔木层优势科有樟科(Lauraceae)、壳斗科(Fagaceae)、杜英科(Elaeocarpaceae)、大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)、山茶科(Theaceae)等,以泛热带分布类型所占比例最高(扣除世界分布的28.42%);属的区系成分以泛热带分布及其变型为主,占扣除世界分布的29.26%,热带亚洲分布及其相关类型的成分也较高。维管植物区系成分与东江源区所处纬度带较吻合,但热带和泛热带成分相对较高,可能与东南部暖湿气流及其东南沿海植物沿北迁徙有关。  相似文献   

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正梁塘河是联系京杭运河与五里湖、蠡湖新城与太湖新城的一条天然纽带,也是无锡市城市总体规划确定的老城和新城之间的一条主要的绿色开敞空间,其流域生态品质的好坏,对太湖和大运河产生较大影响。近50年的环境监  相似文献   

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