Response of the wheat rhizosphere soil nematode community in wheat/walnut intercropping system in Xinjiang,Northwest China

Intercropping Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been widely applied in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in Northwest China as a means of reducing soil and water losses and improving both land-use efficiency and economic returns. To understand how changes in soil conditions and nematode community structure can contribute to the evaluation of wheat–walnut intercropping systems from the view of soil fauna, we studied the soil nematode community in wheat rhizosphere soil under both monoculture and intercropping systems for 2 years. The results showed that the pH and total nitrogen and organic matter contents in intercropping systems with walnut trees were decreased compared with those of system with wheat alone. The nematode communities differed significantly between intercropping and monoculture plots, e.g., Rhabditis and Dorylaimus were dominant only in monocultures, whereas Tylenchus was dominant only in intercropping systems. Moreover, intercropping systems resulted in decreased nematode abundance, increased proportions of plant-feeding nematodes, and decreased omnivores/predators, particularly in the second year (2012). The decrease in diversity indices (H′) and ecological indices (WI, EI, and SI) of the nematode communities indicated high disturbance and low soil fertility in intercropping systems. Overall, wheat intercropping with walnut had a significant negative effect on wheat rhizosphere soil conditions.     

不同植被类型的滩涂湿地土壤线虫群落特征

对江苏盐城湿地保护区内不同植被带土壤线虫的群落结构特征进行了研究.结果表明：调查共鉴定出20科39属,优势属和常见属的数量占总个体数的90%以上;不同植被类型的滩涂湿地土壤线虫总数存在明显差异性,线虫数量范围为每100 g干土79～449条,小麦地显著高于其他植被带,光滩地数量最少.线虫群落生态指数对植被带有不同的响应,土壤线虫群落多样性指数H、均匀度指数J在不同植被带的分布依次为：苇草带＞盐蒿带＞小麦地＞米草带＞光滩带,而优势度指数λ的分布为：光滩带＞米草带＞小麦地＞盐蒿带＞苇草带,表明光滩带的线虫群落多样性和稳定性小于其他植被带,土壤线虫群落趋于单一化;成熟度指数MI表现为保护区内未开垦植被带高于已开垦的小麦地,说明农田受外界干扰明显.不同植被带间的线虫群落结构存在显著差异,各植被带的最大贡献物种各不相同.土壤理化性状与线虫数量、营养类群、生态指数存在明显的相关关系.表明线虫群落的变化能很好地反映植被带生境的多样性,土壤线虫可作为湿地生态系统中一个重要的生物指示因子.     

Response of soil nematodes to elevated temperature in conventional and no-tillage cropland systems

Aims

Nematodes are sensitive to environmental changes and are strongly affected by tillage practices. However, it remains unclear whether an increase in soil temperature in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) cropland systems would have a significant effect on nematode communities. The response of soil nematodes to increases in temperature will provide valuable information about probable changes in soil ecology under global warming.

Methods

A field experiment using infrared heaters to simulate climate warming was performed in North China. The impacts of predicted warming on the nematode community in CT and NT systems were measured during the growing season of maize.

Results

The results showed that the diversity of nematodes responded positively to warming in both tillage systems early in the maize growing season, though the diversity in NT declined due to warming late in the growing season. However, no significant warming effects were found on the total nematode density, individual feeding group density or functional indices. Compared to CT, NT presented a rather different nematode community that was characterized by a large nematode diversity, low fungal feeder density due to a strong decrease in Aphelenchoides, and high maturity indices.

Conclusions

Tillage is an important factor that influences the soil properties and nematode community. It is proposed that future global warming with soil temperature increasing approximately 1 °C will have only small effects on soil nematodes in the two tillage systems.     

南亚热带森林演替过程中土壤线虫群落结构变化

森林演替会通过改变植物群落组成和土壤环境影响土壤生物群落, 反过来, 土壤生物群落的变化也会对生态系统的演替产生反馈作用, 但迄今南亚热带森林演替过程中土壤生物群落的变化特征尚不清晰。本研究以广东省鼎湖山的南亚热带森林演替序列(马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林-针阔叶混交林-季风常绿阔叶林)为对象, 研究了森林演替过程中土壤线虫多样性和群落结构的动态变化及其影响因素。通过采集不同演替阶段的土壤样品, 分析和比对了不同演替阶段土壤线虫的多度、多样性、群落组成、土壤线虫生态指数以及土壤理化性质的差异。结果表明: (1)在南亚热带森林演替过程中, 针阔叶混交林和季风常绿阔叶林土壤线虫的α多样性显著高于马尾松林, 但土壤线虫总数和各营养类群多度及其相对丰度并无显著变化; (2)针阔叶混交林中土壤线虫富集指数显著高于马尾松林, 表明其土壤养分状况要好于马尾松林, 而季风常绿阔叶林土壤线虫结构指数较高, 表明其受干扰程度较低; (3)针阔叶混交林的土壤含水量和土壤理化性质(除土壤总磷含量)已达到季风常绿阔叶林的水平, 但两者的土壤pH值均显著低于马尾松林, 而土壤pH值和土壤含水量是影响土壤线虫群落动态变化的主要因素。综上所述, 南亚热带森林中土壤线虫多度、多样性和群落结构对森林演替的响应略有不同, 演替过程中土壤环境因素的趋同是导致针阔叶混交林和季风常绿阔叶林中土壤线虫多样性和群落特征相似的主要原因。     

黄土高原半干旱区不同林龄柠条人工林土壤线虫群落特征

为了解柠条人工林对半干旱地区脆弱生态环境的改善作用,在黄土高原柠条种植的重点区域——宁夏南部山区,选取4个林龄(4、14、24和34年生)的柠条人工林作为对象,调查林中土壤线虫群落的组成、结构与多样性特征,并分析它们与土壤理化性质之间的关系,探明黄土高原半干旱区柠条林植被恢复过程中土壤线虫群落的演变特征及其环境影响因素...     

紫色土区不同秸秆还田量对土壤线虫群落的影响

为了研究不同秸秆还田量对紫色土区土壤线虫群落的影响, 作者于2011年5月和9月对川中丘陵区的100% (RMW1)、50%(RMW2)、30%(RMW3)和空白对照(CK)4种秸秆还田量的农田土壤线虫进行了调查。结果发现, 随着秸秆还田量的下降, 土壤线虫的群落结构有一定变化。总体上, 群落密度、食真菌类群和捕食-杂食类群的密度呈波动增加; 食细菌类群的密度持续增加; 植物寄生类群密度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、植物寄生成熟指数(PPI)和瓦斯乐斯卡指数(WI)呈先增加后下降的变化趋势, 且多样性指数在秸秆还田量为30-50%之间最高; 类群数、自由生活成熟指数(MI)、线虫通路比值(CR)则先下降后增加; 所有变化均不显著(P > 0.05)。土壤速效钾含量随秸秆还田量的增加显著提高(P < 0.05), 且与线虫群落多样性指数呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)。研究结果表明, 在紫色土区秸秆还田主要是通过改变土壤钾含量对土壤线虫群落产生影响, 且秸秆还田量在30-50%之间时有利于维持线虫群落多样性。     

Influence of ecological and edaphic factors on biodiversity of soil nematodes

Nematodes are the most diverse and highly significant group of soil-inhabiting microorganisms that play a vital role in organic material decomposition and nutrient recycling.Diverse geographical locations and environmental gradients show a significant impact on the diversity of nematodes. Present study aims to assess the effects of ecological (altitude, temperature, moisture) and edaphic (soil pH, nutrients, soil patches) factors on the soil nematode diversity and structure at five different landscape patches (forests, apple orchards, rice fields, pastures, and alpine zone) from ten different sites of Kashmir valley (India). Differences in the altitudinal gradients results in the shift of generic nematode population. Among the soil patches, highest nematode diversity was observed in forest soil and least in alpine soil; however, bacteriovorous nematodes dominated all the soil patches. The temperature and moisture have a significant effect on nematode diversity, the highest nematode trophic levels were observed above 21°C temperature, and 30% moisture. Nematode abundance decreased from alkaline to acidic pH of the soil. Soil nutrients such as, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have shown a detrimental effect in nematode richness at each site, where nematode diversity and richness of genera were higher at abundant soil N and P but decreased at low soil nutrients. Ecological indices like diversity index (DI), Shannon-Wiener Index (H'), enrichment index (EI), and maturity Index (MI) values demonstrated forest soil more favourable for nematodes and high soil health status than other soil patches. This study suggested that these indices may be helpful as soil monitoring tools and assessing ecosystem sustainability and biodiversity.     

刈割活动对松嫩草原碱化羊草草地土壤线虫群落的影响

应用类群数、个体密度、多样性指数和功能类群指数等多个群落参数, 研究刈割活动对松嫩草原碱化羊草草地土壤线虫群落特征的影响。本研究共捕获土壤线虫8,335条, 分别隶属于线虫动物门2纲7目23科40属。结果表明, 与围栏封育样地相比, 刈割活动样地中线虫个体密度和类群数显著减少, 群落多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J)和丰富度指数(SR)虽低于围栏封育样地, 但两类处理间差异不显著, 表明刈割活动尽管明显降低土壤线虫群落个体密度和类群数, 但对土壤线虫群落多样性的影响有限; 样地间PPI／MI值差异明显, 表明刈割活动在一定程度上确实改变了土壤线虫功能类群组成, 其中受影响的主要是非植物寄生线虫。     

黄土高原半干旱区不同种植年限紫花苜蓿人工草地土壤微生物和线虫群落特征

建植紫花苜蓿人工草地是黄土高原植被恢复的重要措施之一。土壤微生物和线虫群落特征是评价和调控植被恢复的生态环境效应的重要依据。本研究在宁夏南部山区选取不同种植年限(1、2、6和12年)的紫花苜蓿人工草地为研究样地,以农田和天然草地作为对照,探索黄土高原人工草地植被恢复过程中土壤微生物和线虫群落的演变规律及其影响因素。结果表明: 1)种植苜蓿显著提高了土壤细菌群落的Chao1、ACE和Shannon多样性指数,并在种植苜蓿后第6年达到最高,但在种植6年和12年后真菌群落多样性降低;随着苜蓿种植年限的增加,真菌群落组成从农田逐渐向天然草地方向演变;2)土壤线虫数量与细菌群落多样性的变化趋势相同,在种植苜蓿后第6年出现峰值,该时期线虫群落结构组成与农田较相似,苜蓿12年样地则更接近天然草地;随着苜蓿种植年限的增加,食细菌线虫、植食性线虫比例总体呈上升趋势,食真菌线虫、杂食/捕食线虫比例呈下降趋势,土壤成熟度指数(MI)逐渐减小,植物寄生线虫指数(PPI)和线虫通路指数(NCR)则不断增大;3)在苜蓿人工草地植被恢复过程中,土壤有机碳、全氮和速效磷对土壤微生物群落结构影响较大,并进一步影响线虫群落结构;细菌和真菌群落优势类群和多样性与线虫的不同营养类群及生态指数之间存在密切联系,表明微生物群落结构与多样性对线虫群落具有显著影响;在不同种植年限苜蓿草地中,植物的生物量与多样性的变化可能通过影响土壤微生物与线虫食物资源状况从而引起其群落特征的改变。     

玉龙雪山自然保护区寒温性针阔混交林腐殖质层和土壤表层线虫群落结构差异

采用高通量测序的方法,对位于云南省丽江玉龙雪山自然保护区20 hm²寒温性针阔混交林中腐殖质层和土壤表层(0~10 cm)线虫群落结构的差异进行了研究。共获取测序序列5744582条,注释后获得44科线虫。腐殖质层线虫有37科,其中垫刃科(18.1%)为优势类群,营养类群以食细菌、食真菌和植食性线虫为主;土壤表层线虫有41科,单齿科(45.4%)为优势类群,捕食性线虫具有最高的相对多度。虽然在操作分类单元(OTU)水平上两个生境线虫群落的α多样性(Shannon、Simpson和Chao1指数)无显著性差异,但在科水平上,腐殖质层线虫群落的α多样性指数显著低于土壤表层;两个生境的β多样性有较大差异,其中腐殖质层Cody指数低于土壤表层,而Sorensen非相似性指数相反。非度量多维标度(NMDS)分析表明,土壤表层线虫群落内部结构差异大于腐殖质层。     

Functional diversity in nematode communities across terrestrial ecosystems

Functional diversity can be defined as the distribution of trait values within a community. Hence, functional diversity can be an indicator of habitat filtering and a reliable environmental predictor of ecosystem functioning. However, there is a serious lack of studies that test how functional diversity indices change depending on the environmental conditions. The aim of this study is to provide such evidence by analyzing the distribution and variation of continuous body-mass values (i.e. functional diversity) and related shifts in body length and width in a nematode community.We used a large online dataset on nematode traits to analyze: (i) the distribution of body mass using three functional diversity indices, i.e. functional richness, functional divergence and functional evenness; (ii) the shifts in body-size traits (length and width); and (iii) the body-mass distributions of five trophic groups and of the entire nematode community.Managed grasslands exhibited the widest range of body-mass values while body-mass distribution in arable fields covered the greatest area in comparison to the other ecosystem types. The shift in body size revealed environmental filters that could not have been identified by the study of functional diversity indices per se. We found low values of functional evenness to be associated with high values of functional richness. We provide novel empirical evidence that body-mass distribution within a trophic group mirrors the effects of habitat filtering more than the distribution in the community as a whole. Hence, our trait-based approach, more than functional diversity itself, disclosed soil food-web structure and identified community responses.     

典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落的纬度分布格局及其驱动机制

东北黑土区是保障我国粮食安全的重要土壤资源, 了解该区域内农田土壤线虫的群落组成及其对环境驱动因子的响应机制, 对于研究黑土区农田土壤生态系统的生物多样性分布格局具有重要意义。2018年9月, 我们在42°50°‒49°08° N的典型黑土区采集了93个农田土壤样品, 利用形态学鉴定技术分析了土壤线虫群落的组成与结构。共鉴定出47个线虫属(相对丰度 > 1%), 其中食细菌线虫中的拟丽突属(Acrobeloides)是典型黑土区农田土壤中的优势属(相对丰度 > 5%)。土壤线虫总丰富度和总多度均随纬度增加而显著增加, 然而类似的变化趋势只出现在食细菌和杂食/捕食线虫中。土壤有机碳是影响土壤线虫丰富度和多度最为重要的环境因子, 其次是月平均温度。典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落结构以47° N为分界线分为南部和北部两类, 主要归因于线虫群落中植物寄生和杂食/捕食线虫的相对多度在南、北特征属中存在差异。土壤pH值和容重分别是影响南部与北部黑土区线虫群落最重要的环境因子。本研究明确了典型黑土区农田土壤线虫群落的纬度分布格局及其与环境因素的关系, 可为揭示农业活动干扰下土壤生物对环境因子的响应机制提供基础数据和理论参考。     

Reduced tillage,but not organic matter input,increased nematode diversity and food web stability in European long‐term field experiments

Soil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life‐history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e., maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high‐throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs. reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs. high) on nematode communities and food web indices in 10 European long‐term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality.     

线虫作为土壤健康指示生物的方法及应用

简述了线虫作为土壤健康指示生物的优势,归纳了常用指数和分析方法,对成熟指数及基于营养类群的一些指数和分析方法进行了详细介绍.与其他指数相比,成熟指数更能敏感地反映土壤环境的受胁迫程度,基于营养类群的指数和分析方法可以在生态系统功能水平上更好地揭示土壤环境的健康状态.概述了以上指数和方法在农业、森林、草原及其他生态系统中的应用研究.结合目前存在的一些问题,提出以下建议:加强对土壤线虫生活史和食性等特性的认识;进一步完善现有指数,将多种指数和分析方法结合使用;加强土壤线虫在多种生态系统及大尺度地域空间内的应用.     

Response of soil nematode community structure and diversity to long-term land use in the black soil region in China

Soil nematodes are sensitive to environmental changes and are used widely as indicators of soil conditions. The community structure and diversity of soil nematodes were studied in different long-term land use regimes in the black soil area in Northeast China. The land use regimes were maintained for 22?years, and included crop land (CL), grass land (GL) and bare land (BL). Soil samples were taken throughout the growing season, and nematodes were extracted and identified. A total of 39 nematode genera with relative abundance over 0.1?% were identified. Heterodera was the dominant genus in CL; Boleodorus was the dominant genus in GL, and Boleodorus, Eucephalobus and Filenchus were the dominant genera in BL. Land use had a significant effect on abundance of all soil nematode tropic groups and ecological indices. Sampling time had an effect on soil nematode abundance, but only on three of the eight nematode ecological indices MI (maturity index of free-living nematode), CI (channel index) and EI (enrichment index). SR (species richness index) was highest in GL where plant species diversity was also high. The CI was the highest in BL among three land uses, which means the soil food web dominated, with fungal decomposition channels in BL. Soil nematode community structure and diversity was shown to be an effective and informative tool for analyzing ecological aspects of land use in black soil regions. The data are inconclusive as to whether the effect of land use on soil nematode parameters is direct, or indirect via inducing changes in soil physicochemical properties.     

植被恢复方式对松嫩草原重度退化草地土壤线虫群落特征的影响

应用类群属数、个体密度、多样性指数和功能类群指数等群落参数,研究植被恢复方式对松嫩草原重度退化草地土壤线虫群落特征的影响．结果表明：围栏封育和种植碱茅均能明显改善重度退化草地土壤线虫群落环境,但种植碱茅较围栏封育更能显著提高土壤线虫的个体密度和群落多样性．各处理样地线虫个体密度和类群属数表聚性明显,其中碱茅样地个体密度表聚性更强．对功能类群指数的统计表明,种植碱茅和围栏封育均显著改变了土壤线虫群落中r-选择和k-选择植物寄生线虫的比例．与自由生活线虫相比,植物寄生线虫对重度退化草地植被恢复更敏感．种植碱茅更利于松嫩草原重度退化草地土壤线虫群落的恢复与重建．     

Influence of corn,switchgrass, and prairie cropping systems on soil microbial communities in the upper Midwest of the United States

Because soil microbes drive many of the processes underpinning ecosystem services provided by soils, understanding how cropping systems affect soil microbial communities is important for productive and sustainable management. We characterized and compared soil microbial communities under restored prairie and three potential cellulosic biomass crops (corn, switchgrass, and mixed prairie grasses) in two spatial experimental designs – side‐by‐side plots where plant communities were in their second year since establishment (i.e., intensive sites) and regionally distributed fields where plant communities had been in place for at least 10 years (i.e., extensive sites). We assessed microbial community structure and composition using lipid analysis, pyrosequencing of rRNA genes (targeting fungi, bacteria, archaea, and lower eukaryotes), and targeted metagenomics of nifH genes. For the more recently established intensive sites, soil type was more important than plant community in determining microbial community structure, while plant community was the more important driver of soil microbial communities for the older extensive sites where microbial communities under corn were clearly differentiated from those under switchgrass and restored prairie. Bacterial and fungal biomasses, especially biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, were higher under perennial grasses and restored prairie, suggesting a more active carbon pool and greater microbial processing potential, which should be beneficial for plant acquisition and ecosystem retention of carbon, water, and nutrients.     

Effects of historical legacies on soil nematode communities are mediated by contemporary environmental conditions

Both contemporary and historical factors are documented to be crucial in regulating species diversity and distribution. Soil fauna contribute substantially to global biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, while it is unclear whether and to what extent historical factors shape their diversity patterns. Here, we used soil nematodes as a model organism to test historical effects on soil fauna and to investigate the relative importance of climatic, soil, and historical factors. Based on nematode distribution data in 16 natural sites at a large scale (ranging from 22 to 40°N) in mainland China, we conducted elastic net regression model to test the effects of climatic (e.g., mean and seasonality of temperature/precipitation), soil (e.g., soil carbon, nitrogen, and pH), and historical (e.g., temperature/precipitation anomaly and the velocity of the change since the Last Glacial Maximum) variables on nematode genus richness and Shannon's diversity. Additionally, variation partitioning was used to determine the contribution of the three predictor sets to the explanation of both Jaccard and Bray–Curtis community dissimilarity. We found that climate generally explained more variations in both diversity and composition than soil and historical predictors in our samples. We also showed that although historical factors (e.g., temperature change velocity) were correlated with nematode diversity and composition, the pure effects of these historical factors were negligible. In other words, the historical effects were commonly represented by their interactions with current climatic and soil factors within our selected sites. Our results indicated that contemporary factors, especially climate, may outperform historical factors in regulating soil nematode diversity patterns at large scales.     

Changes in plant species richness induce functional shifts in soil nematode communities in experimental grassland

Background

Changes in plant diversity may induce distinct changes in soil food web structure and accompanying soil feedbacks to plants. However, knowledge of the long-term consequences of plant community simplification for soil animal food webs and functioning is scarce. Nematodes, the most abundant and diverse soil Metazoa, represent the complexity of soil food webs as they comprise all major trophic groups and allow calculation of a number of functional indices.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We studied the functional composition of nematode communities three and five years after establishment of a grassland plant diversity experiment (Jena Experiment). In response to plant community simplification common nematode species disappeared and pronounced functional shifts in community structure occurred. The relevance of the fungal energy channel was higher in spring 2007 than in autumn 2005, particularly in species-rich plant assemblages. This resulted in a significant positive relationship between plant species richness and the ratio of fungal-to-bacterial feeders. Moreover, the density of predators increased significantly with plant diversity after five years, pointing to increased soil food web complexity in species-rich plant assemblages. Remarkably, in complex plant communities the nematode community shifted in favour of microbivores and predators, thereby reducing the relative abundance of plant feeders after five years.

Conclusions/Significance

The results suggest that species-poor plant assemblages may suffer from nematode communities detrimental to plants, whereas species-rich plant assemblages support a higher proportion of microbivorous nematodes stimulating nutrient cycling and hence plant performance; i.e. effects of nematodes on plants may switch from negative to positive. Overall, food web complexity is likely to decrease in response to plant community simplification and results of this study suggest that this results mainly from the loss of common species which likely alter plant – nematode interactions.     

不同重金属污染水平下生物结皮及下层土壤细菌群落的差异性分析

为了探究生物结皮及下层土壤细菌群落多样性及结构在不同重金属污染水平下的差异及其影响因素,以宁夏东部工矿区和封育草地内广泛分布的两类生物结皮为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,分析结皮层(A层)和结皮下层(B层)土壤细菌群落结构和多样性差异。采用相关分析、冗余分析探讨两个生境生物结皮各层次细菌群落与土壤环境因子的关系。结果表明：(1)相较于封育区,工矿区2类生物结皮对源自大气降尘的重金属元素具有更显著的表层富集作用,并表现出显著的种间差异：苔藓结皮>藻结皮。污染负荷指数评价结果显示：工矿区生物结皮各层次重金属污染程度更高,且均表现为A层污染程度高于B层。(2)两个生境的优势细菌门组成基本一致,均为放线菌门、变形菌门、酸杆菌门。受生物结皮类型、重金属污染程度的影响,细菌群落结构差异显著,主要表现为：工矿区藻结皮A、B层的α多样性指数均大于封育区,而苔藓结皮A、B层的细菌多样性指数高于封育区,丰富度指数低于封育区。主坐标分析结果显示,不同生境的生物结皮细菌群落结构差异明显,而同一生境的生物结皮细菌群落结构相似。重金属As、Pb、土壤黏粒含量和pH是影响生物结皮细菌群落结构的主要土壤环境因子...