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Foodborne contaminants widely exist in foods, which can lead to various foodborne diseases and food safety issues. The development of quick, sensitive and universal analytical approaches for foodborne contaminants is imperative. Electrochemiluminescent functional nucleic acids (ECL FNAs)‐based sensors are a series of sensing devices using FNAs as the recognition elements and ECL as the transducer. Contributing to the specific recognition ability of FNA and the high sensitivity of ECL, ECL FNA‐based sensors are considered to be of great application potential for foodborne contaminants monitoring. This review mainly presents the applications of ECL FNA‐based sensors for foodborne contaminants (including microorganisms, mycotoxins, allergens, antibiotics, heavy metal ions, pesticides and some illegal additives). In general, the application of ECL FNA‐based sensors in the field of food analysis is just in its infancy. Although there are several limitations and challenges, it is envisaged that ECL FNA‐based sensors will have broad prospects for food analysis in the future. 相似文献
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Emanuele L. Sciuto Salvatore Petralia Giovanna Calabrese Sabrina Conoci 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2020,117(5):1554-1561
The development of portable systems for analysis of nucleic acids (NAs) is crucial for the evolution of biosensing in the context of future healthcare technologies. The integration of NA extraction, purification, and detection modules, properly actuated by microfluidics technologies, is a key point for the development of portable diagnostic systems. In this paper, we describe an integrated biosensor platform based on a silicon–plastic hybrid lab-on-disk technology capable of managing NA extraction, purification, and detection processes in an integrated format. The sample preparation process is performed by solid-phase extraction technology using magnetic beads on a plastic disk, while detection is done through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on a miniaturized silicon device. The movement of sample and reagents is actuated by a centrifugal force induced by a disk actuator instrument. The assessment of the NA extraction and detection performance has been carried out by using hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA genome as a biological target. The quantification of the qRT-PCR chip in the hybrid disk showed an improvement in sensitivity with respect to the qRT-PCR commercial platforms, which means an optimization of time and cost. Limit of detection and limit of quantification values of about 8 cps/reaction and 26 cps/reaction, respectively, were found by using analytical samples (synthetic clone), while the results with real samples (serum with spiked HBV genome) indicate that the system performs as well as the standard methods. 相似文献
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Piet Herdewijn 《化学与生物多样性》2010,7(1):1-59
Starting from pyranose nucleic acids, several series of modified nucleic acids with a six‐membered carbohydrate moiety (mimic) have been synthesized and analyzed over a period of 20 years, and this work is summarized here. The process starts with structural and conformational considerations, followed by synthetic efforts and a structural analysis, and ends up with a biological confirmation of the concept, demonstrating that these modified nucleic acids represent very valuable tools in chemistry and biology. 相似文献
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食源性致病菌感染是引起食源性疾病的首要因素,严重影响人类健康。炎症小体通过识别受体感知入侵宿主的危险信号进而组装形成多聚蛋白复合物,从而诱导炎症反应,是先天免疫系统中识别食源性病原菌感染和清除病原体的重要防线。NLRP3炎症小体是位于胞内的炎症反应平台,可以感知多种病原微生物的侵袭,在先天性免疫反应中起着至关重要的作用。食源性致病菌感染常引起NLRP3炎症小体的异常激活,介导多种炎症性疾病的发生和发展,因此,许多抗炎研究中常常以NLRP3炎症小体作为靶点。本文总结了食源性致病菌及其代谢产物激活NLRP3炎症小体的分子机制,以及天然产物和膳食功能物质抑制NLRP3炎症小体激活的机理,为治疗炎症性疾病、开发缓解致病菌诱导的炎症反应的功能化合物提供新的思路。 相似文献
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The thermodynamics and kinetics of DNA hybridization, i.e. the process of self-assembly of one, two or more complementary nucleic acid strands, has been studied for many years. The appearance of the nearest-neighbor model led to several theoretical and experimental papers on DNA thermodynamics that provide reasonably accurate thermodynamic information on nucleic acid duplexes and allow estimation of the melting temperature. Because there are no thermodynamic models specifically developed to predict the hybridization temperature of a probe used in a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure, the melting temperature is used as a reference, together with corrections for certain compounds that are used during FISH. However, the quantitative relation between melting and experimental FISH temperatures is poorly described. In this review, various models used to predict the melting temperature for rRNA targets, for DNA oligonucleotides and for nucleic acid mimics (chemically modified oligonucleotides), will be addressed in detail, together with a critical assessment of how this information should be used in FISH. 相似文献
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由食源性致病菌引发的疾病对人类健康构成巨大威胁。虽然一些致病菌如金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等在诊断和预防方面已经取得了重大进展,但开发快速、高效、低成本的检测方法仍然是一项挑战。功能核酸(functional nucleic acids,FNAs)是一类功能超出核酸常规遗传作用的核酸,主要包括天然的核酶(RNAzymes)、核糖开关(riboswitches)以及体外通过指数富集配体系统进化技术(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX)筛选的适配体(aptamers)、核酶(RNAzymes)和脱氧核酶(DNAzymes)。适配体和脱氧核酶因具有较高的稳定性、特异性和可设计性,使其成为病原微生物识别的理想工具,近年来在生物传感和医学诊断领域备受关注。综述了功能核酸的筛选原理和流程、适配体及具有RNA裂解活性的脱氧核酶(RNA cleavage deoxyribozymes,RCDs)在致病菌检测中的应用进展和面临的挑战,并对其未来的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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Charlotte Frster Dominik Oberthuer Jiang Gao Andr Eichert Frederick G. Quast Christian Betzel Andreas Nitsche Volker A. Erdmann Jens P. Fürste 《Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology Communications》2009,65(9):881-885
Locked nucleic acids (LNAs) are modified nucleic acids which contain a modified sugar such as β‐d ‐2′‐O,4′‐C methylene‐bridged ribofuranose or other sugar derivatives in LNA analogues. The β‐d ‐2′‐O,4′‐C methylene ribofuranose LNAs in particular possess high stability and melting temperatures, which makes them of interest for stabilizing the structure of different nucleic acids. Aptamers, which are DNAs or RNAs targeted against specific ligands, are candidates for substitution with LNAs in order to increase their stability. A 7‐mer helix derived from the terminal part of an aptamer that was targeted against ricin was chosen. The ricin aptamer originally consisted of natural RNA building blocks and showed high affinity in ricin binding. For future stabilization of the aptamer, the terminal helix has been constructed as an `all‐locked' LNA and was successfully crystallized in order to investigate its structural properties. Optimization of crystal growth succeeded by the use of different metal salts as additives, such as CuCl2, MgCl2, MnCl2, CaCl2, CoCl2 and ZnSO4. Preliminary X‐ray diffraction data were collected and processed to 2.8 Å resolution. The LNA crystallized in space group P65, with unit‐cell parameters a = 50.11, b = 50.11, c = 40.72 Å. The crystals contained one LNA helix per asymmetric unit with a Matthews coefficient of 3.17 Å3 Da−1, which implies a solvent content of 70.15%. 相似文献
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Jerry L. Ruth 《Molecular biotechnology》1996,6(2):163-178
The simple use of nonisotopic hybridization probes to detect complementary sequences provides valuable information in a large
number of research and commercial applications. In hybridization assays, the four ‘S’s (speed, simplicity, sensitivity, and
specificity) are important criteria for determining the choice of probe and label. The direct chemical combination of synthetic
oligonucleotide probes and enzyme labels offer advantages unmatched by other approaches, with the oligonucleotide providing
rapid hybridization and high specificity, and the direct enzyme label providing simple and sensitive detection. Such oligonucleotide-enzyme
conjugates (“oligozymes”) can be used in a variety of hybridization and detection formats, including dot blots, Southern/northern
blots,in situ, and solution hybridization/capture schemes. The practical synthesis and use of such oligozymes are summarized. 相似文献
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Katja Behling Andr Eichert Jens P. Fürste Christian Betzel Volker A. Erdmann Charlotte Frster 《Acta Crystallographica. Section F, Structural Biology Communications》2009,65(8):809-812
Modified nucleic acids are of great interest with respect to their nuclease resistance and enhanced thermostability. In therapeutical and diagnostic applications, such molecules can substitute for labile natural nucleic acids that are targeted against particular diseases or applied in gene therapy. The so‐called `locked nucleic acids' contain modified sugar moieties such as 2′‐O,4′‐C‐methylene‐bridged β‐d ‐ribofuranose and are known to be very stable nucleic acid derivatives. The structure of locked nucleic acids in single or multiple LNA‐substituted natural nucleic acids and in LNA–DNA or LNA–RNA heteroduplexes has been well investigated, but the X‐ray structure of an `all‐locked' nucleic acid double helix has not been described to date. Here, the crystallization and X‐ray diffraction data analysis of an `all‐locked' nucleic acid helix, which was designed as an LNA originating from a tRNASer microhelix RNA structure, is presented. The crystals belonged to space group C2, with unit‐cell parameters a = 77.91, b = 40.74, c = 30.06 Å, β = 91.02°. A high‐resolution and a low‐resolution data set were recorded, with the high‐resolution data showing diffraction to 1.9 Å resolution. The crystals contained two double helices per asymmetric unit, with a Matthews coefficient of 2.48 Å3 Da−1 and a solvent content of 66.49% for the merged data. 相似文献
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《生物技术通报》2018,34(9)
Mg2+是人体内重要的二价金属阳离子之一,在催化细胞核酸的相关反应中具有重要的作用。在人体体内Mg2+的缺失或过量会对人的健康带来危害。同时,Mg2+在自然环境中也有多种作用。因此Mg2+的检测受到了人们的重视。其中Mg2+的仪器检测技术已经发展成熟,但也存在着一些弊端。而近些年,人们发现了功能核酸具有序列易修饰、特异性高、稳定性高、成本低,以及和生物传感器联用可实现现场快速检测等优势,功能核酸也逐渐引起广泛关注。现阶段,针对Mg2+已建立多种特异性功能核酸生物传感器,实现了对多种生物标志物进行检测。与新型纳米材料的结合更加提高了检测极限以及检测的广谱性。首先介绍了Mg2+功能核酸的作用方式和规律、体外筛选方法和结构性质,并对Mg2+特异性功能核酸传感器的组建原理以及应用进行了综述;其次根据Mg2+功能核酸传感器中信号放大的方式以及与不同纳米材料结合进行了分类,包括变温传感器、恒温传感器、金纳米传感器、碳纳米传感器等。主要内容涉及传感器的具体传感原理、适用领域、灵敏性以及检测限的比较;最后对Mg2+功能核酸在食品和生物医学方面的应用进行了归纳,并对存在的不足以及未来应用进行了展望,旨在为今后研发更便携、更灵敏、更准确的生物传感器奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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Valeria Menchise Giuseppina De Simone Roberto Corradini Stefano Sforza Nicola Sorrentino Alessandra Romanelli Michele Saviano Carlo Pedone 《Acta Crystallographica. Section D, Structural Biology》2002,58(3):553-555
A 10‐mer duplex formed between a PNA containing a `chiral box' of three adjacent d ‐Lys‐based monomers and its complementary DNA strand has been crystallized for the first time. Crystals have been obtained using PEG 8000 as precipitant and cacodylate at pH 6.3 as buffer. The crystals belong to the space group P31 or to its enantiomorph P32, with unit‐cell parameters a = b = 35.00, c = 35.91 Å. A complete data set has been collected at the synchrotron source Elettra in Trieste to 1.85 Å resolution, using a single frozen crystal. 相似文献
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Diana K. Darnell Stacey Stanislaw Simran Kaur Parker B. Antin 《RNA (New York, N.Y.)》2010,16(3):632-637
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食源性致病菌是导致食品安全问题的重要因素之一,对国民健康造成严重危害,实现对食源性致病菌的快速检测是目前防治食源性疾病的关键策略。抗体具有高特异性、高灵敏度的优势,是食源性致病菌关键特异性识别元件的首选。本文介绍了不同种类的抗体及其特点,以及不同抗体技术在食源性致病菌快速检测中的应用,并提出抗体技术与其他食源性致病菌检测方法的联用可以有效提升检测效果;最后,对目前的研究现状与潜在问题进行了分析与总结,为食源性致病菌快速检测技术的发展提供了理论依据与实践思路。 相似文献
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对功能核酸概念的分析需要建立在对功能核酸研究的基础上,从内涵和外延两个方面来进行探析。从内涵来看,它是对具有特殊结构、执行特定生物功能的核酸分子的统称;从外延来看,它包括适体、核酸核酶、核糖开关、发光核酸、修饰核酸、功能核酸裁剪、核酸自组装、功能核酸纳米材料、核酸纳米酶、核酸药物、核酸补充剂以及DNA存储技术等。目前功能核酸已成功地应用于生物传感、生物成像、生物医学等诸多领域。对功能核酸这一概念进行了探讨,并尝试对其范畴、特点进行归纳总结,以期梳理和完善功能核酸的基本概念,促进该领域的进一步发展。 相似文献
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Manning GS 《Biopolymers》2003,69(1):137-143
Recent experimental, theoretical, and computational developments in the field of nucleic acid electrostatics have brought interesting concepts to the fore. The phosphate charge on the double helix apparently influences its structure. When the charge is neutralized asymmetrically, the resulting force imbalance drives bending toward the neutralized side. When the charge is uniformly neutralized, the force imbalance acts to buckle the helical axis, resulting in a compact tertiary conformation. Sharing of condensed counterions by single strands is a stabilizing factor for formation of the double helix. Sharing of condensed counterions by two double helices causes clustering of DNA and may be a factor in RNA folding. Support for these statements is reviewed. 相似文献
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