共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Despite the fact that previous studies have extensively investigated the renewable energy-growth nexus, those studies have not considered the role of technological innovation. This study examines the relationship between renewable energy consumption, technological innovation, economic growth, and CO2 emissions in the four Nordic countries by constructing a vector autoregression (VAR) model. On the basis of a modified version of the Granger non-causality test, the results show a unidirectional causality running from renewable energy to CO2 emissions for Denmark and Finland and a bidirectional causality between these variables for Sweden and Norway. The findings also indicate a unidirectional causality running from technological innovation to renewable energy and from growth to renewable energy for the four Nordic countries. The results could not confirm any causality from renewable energy to growth. Three policy implications are offered: (i) renewable energy improves environmental well-being, (ii) the Nordic countries have very low energy intensities and high energy efficiencies, and (iii) technological innovation plays an effective role in the renewable energy-growth nexus. 相似文献
2.
The central focus of this article is to assess the dynamic effects of nuclear and renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions, for a given level of income and energy consumption. We apply an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration to U.S. data from 1960 to 2010. We find that nuclear energy consumption indeed reduces CO2 emissions in both the short- and long-run, while renewable energy consumption does only in the short-run. We also find that income increases CO2 emissions in the long-run after showing the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) initially in the short-run. Finally, energy consumption is found to have a negative impact on reducing CO2 emissions in the short- and long-run. 相似文献
3.
This study addresses the spatiotemporal variations at play in China's CO2 emissions, based on an estimation of emission levels in the period 1995–2012 and an provincial analysis of the relationship of CO2 emissions to economic growth and energy consumption. Using a series of econometric models and data on the combustion of fossil fuels and cement manufacturing, the study first estimated CO2 emission levels during the study period, exploring their spatiotemporal pattern. The results indicate that both China's total and its per capita CO2 emissions have increased significantly over the study period, with both measures evidencing a similar evolution (albeit one that is characterized by noticeable regional discrepancies at the provincial level and which displays properties of convergence). From a geographical perspective, we found both total and per capita CO2 emissionsto be higher in China's eastern region than in the country's central and western regions. Panel data analysis was subsequently undertaken in order to quantify the dynamic casual relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. The empirical results indicated that the variables were in fact cointegrated and exhibited a long-run positive relationship. The results of further Granger causality tests indicated the existence of a bidirectional positive causality between economic growth and energy consumption, as well as between energy consumption and CO2 emissions, and a unidirectional positive causality running from economic growth to CO2 emissions. The findings of this study suggest that China is, in the long run, dependent on carbon energy consumption for its rapid economic growth, a dependency which is the cause of considerable increases in CO2 emissions. China should therefore make greater efforts to develop low-carbon technologies and renewable energy, and improve energy efficiency in order to reduce emissions and achieve green economic growth. 相似文献
4.
The present study investigates the dynamic relationship between energy intensity and CO2 emissions by incorporating economic growth in environment CO2 emissions function using data of Sub Saharan African countries. For this purpose, we applied panel cointegration to examine the long run relationship between the series. We employed the VECM Granger causality to test the direction of causality amid the variables.At panel level, our results validate the existence of cointegration among the series. The long run panel results show that energy intensity has positive and statistically significant impact on CO2 emissions. There is also positive and negative link of non-linear and linear terms of real GDP per capita with CO2 emissions supporting the presence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The causality analysis reveals the bidirectional causality between economic growth and CO2 emissions while energy intensity Granger causes economic growth and hence CO2 emissions, while across the individual countries, the results differ. This paper opens up new insights for policy makers to design comprehensive economic, energy and environmental policy for sustainable long run economic growth. 相似文献
5.
C. Block B. Van Praet T. Windels I. Vermeulen G. Dangreau A. Overmeire E. D’Hooge T. Maes G. Van Eetvelde C. Vandecasteele 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2011,15(4):584-596
The industrial park of Herdersbrug (Brugge, Flanders, Belgium) comprises 92 small and medium‐sized enterprises, a waste‐to‐energy incinerator, and a power plant (not included in the study) on its site. To study the carbon dioxide (CO2) neutrality of the park, we made a park‐wide inventory for 2007 of the CO2 emissions due to energy consumption (electricity and fossil fuel) and waste incineration, as well as an inventory of the existing renewable electricity and heat generation. The definition of CO2 neutrality in Flanders only considers CO2 released as a consequence of consumption or generation of electricity, not the CO2 emitted when fossil fuel is consumed for heat generation. To further decrease or avoid CO2 emissions, we project and evaluate measures to increase renewable energy generation. The 21 kilotons (kt) of CO2 emitted due to electricity consumption are more than compensated by the 25 kt of CO2 avoided by generation of renewable electricity. Herdersbrug Industrial Park is thus CO2 neutral, according to the definition of the Flemish government. Only a small fraction (6.6%) of the CO2 emitted as a consequence of fossil fuel consumption (heat generation) and waste incineration is compensated by existing and projected measures for renewable heat generation. Of the total CO2 emission (149 kt) due to energy consumption (electricity + heat generation) and waste incineration on the Herdersbrug Industrial Park in 2007, 70.5% is compensated by existing and projected renewable energy generated in the park. Forty‐seven percent of the yearly avoided CO2 corresponds to renewable energy generated from waste incineration and biomass fermentation. 相似文献
6.
This study aims to analyze the relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, trade openness, real income and energy consumption in the top ten CO2 emitters among the developing countries; namely China, India, South Korea, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, South Africa, Turkey, Thailand and Malaysia over the period of 1971–2011. In addition, the possible presence of the EKC hypothesis is investigated for the analyzed countries. The Zivot–Andrews unit root test with structural break, the bounds testing for cointegration in the presence of structural break and the VECM Granger causality method are employed. The empirical results indicate that (i) the analyzed variables are co-integrated for Thailand, Turkey, India, Brazil, China, Indonesia and Korea, (ii) real income, energy consumption and trade openness are the main determinants of carbon emissions in the long run, (iii) there exists a number of causal relations between the analyzed variables, (iv) the EKC hypothesis is validated for Turkey, India, China and Korea. Robust policy implications can be derived from this study since the estimated models pass several diagnostic and stability tests. 相似文献
7.
This study attempts to estimate the effects of climate change variables, such as average temperature, CO2 emissions and average rainfall, on cereal production in Malaysia from 1969 to 2018. After preliminary tests on time series data, we employed a novel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method known as the dynamic ARDL simulations technique. The results showed that a long-run co-integration relationship exists between cereal production and climatic and non-climatic factors. All climate variables have a negative impact on cereal yield, while energy consumption and cultivated land have a positive effect on cereal yield in the short- and long-run. Granger causality analyses also showed that a unidirectional causality link exists between rainfall and temperature with cereal production and between CO2 emissions and cereal production. Energy consumption, as a proxy for technology, has a one-way Granger cause with cereal production. The results of the dynamic ARDL simulations suggest that cereal yield was most sensitive to CO2 emissions, rainfall and temperature. In the long run, a 1% increase in temperature is associated with a 2.87% and 3.52% decrease in general and predicted estimates of cereal production, respectively. The dynamic ARDL simulations methodology provides a better understanding of the variability of cereal production in Malaysia as a result of climate change. 相似文献
8.
The present study explores the relationship between economic growth, electricity consumption, urbanization and environmental degradation in case of United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study covers the quarter frequency data over the period of 1975–2011. We have applied the ARDL bounds testing approach to examine the long run relationship between the variables in the presence of structural breaks. The VECM Granger causality is applied to investigate the direction of causal relationship between the variables. Our empirical exercise reported the existence of cointegration among the series. Further, we found an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions i.e. economic growth raises energy emissions initially and declines it after a threshold point of income per capita (EKC exists). Electricity consumption declines CO2 emissions. The relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions is positive. Exports seem to improve the environmental quality by lowering CO2 emissions. The causality analysis validates the feedback effect between CO2 emissions and electricity consumption. Economic growth and urbanization Granger cause CO2 emissions. 相似文献
9.
A combination of agro-environmental indicators and energy analysis of a production system, such as vineyards located in Natura 2000 sites, for which little is known, may be a useful tool to decide best farm management practices with low greenhouse gas emissions. In randomly selected vineyards at six sites of Natura 2000 network in Cyprus, we evaluated the energy flow and the greenhouse gas emissions. Hierarchical cluster analysis using production coefficients and a topographic variable (altitude) was used to detect clusters of the studied vineyards. Three groups were revealed. Group 1 (eight vineyards) with the lowest energy inputs, followed by Group 2 (three vineyards) with intermediate inputs and Group 3 (three vineyards) with the highest energy inputs. Altitude, fertilizers, labour, fuel and transportation had the greatest contribution on cluster formation. Non-parametric comparisons concerning 28 indicators showed that ten indicators (total energy inputs, renewable and non-renewable energy inputs, fruit energy outputs, shoot energy outputs, total energy outputs, fruit production, CO2, CH4, and N2O) were significantly higher in high energy input vineyards (Group 3) and three (energy use for renewable inputs, energy productivity and energy fruit efficiency) in low energy input vineyards (Group 1). Five indicators (energy use for fuel, transportation and non-renewable inputs, and energy efficiency for (shoot + fruit) outputs and renewable energy inputs) were significantly lower in Group 3 and two (intensity and non-renewable energy consumption) in Group 1. Similarities and/or dissimilarities among vineyards in Natura 2000 sites were related to altitude, production coefficients and local farming practices. These mixed results stress the importance of taking both local management indicators and vineyard topography into consideration when developing future agri-environment schemes, and suggest that local–regional interactions may affect Natura 2000 sites services and functions. It is important that EU agricultural policies are complemented by national–regional interventions in order to regulate the fragile balance between Natura 2000 sites and agriculture, reducing non-renewable energy inputs as percent of total energy inputs. 相似文献
10.
Rapid urbanization has exerted substantial pressure on China’s energy system and contributed to climate change. To find the key drivers of urban residential energy consumption and CO2 emissions, this paper uses an extended Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology (STIRPAT) model that employs city-level data to examine the influences of population scale, income level, population compactness and price on house-based residential energy consumption, energy-related CO2 emissions and private vehicle ownership. The empirical results indicate that factors such as population scale, affluence, and population compactness can lead to increases in residential energy consumption and CO2 emissions. In terms of transportation, income and population scale positively drive the growth of private vehicle ownership, while the fuel price negatively influences private vehicle ownership. Moreover, population scale is the most important factor in residential energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Finally, policy recommendations are suggested for China’s urban development strategy and urban design and to encourage technology innovations that reduce residential energy consumption and CO2 emissions. 相似文献
11.
Global production chains carry environmental and socioeconomic impacts embodied in each traded good and service. Even though labor and energy productivities tend to be higher for domestic production in high‐income countries than those in emerging economies, this difference is significantly reduced for consumption, when including imported products to satisfy national demand. The analysis of socioeconomic and environmental aspects embodied in consumption can shed a light on the real level of productivity of an economy, as well as the effects of rising imports and offshoring. This research introduces a consumption‐based metric for productivity, in which we evaluate the loss of productivity of developed nations resulting from imports from less‐developed economies and offshoring of labor‐intensive production. We measure the labor, energy, and greenhouse gas emissions footprints in the European Union's trade with the rest of the world through a multiregional input‐output model. We confirm that the labor footprint of European imports is significantly higher than the one of exports, mainly from low‐skilled, labor‐intensive primary sectors. A high share of labor embodied in exports is commonly associated with low energy productivities in domestic industries. Hence, this reconfirms that the offshoring of production to cheaper and low‐skilled, labor‐abundant countries offsets, or even reverts, energy efficiency gains and climate‐change mitigation actions in developed countries. 相似文献
12.
Ana Cláudia Dias Luis Arroja Isabel Capela 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2007,12(7):521-528
Goal, Scope and Background The environmental sustainability is one of the current priorities of the Portuguese pulp and paper industry. Life Cycle Assessment
(LCA) was the methodology chosen to evaluate the sustainability of the printing and writing paper production activity. This
paper grade represents about 60% of the total production of paper in Portugal and its production is expected to increase in
the near future. The main goal of this study was to assess the potential environmental impacts associated with the entire
life cycle of the printing and writing paper produced in Portugal from Eucalyptus globulus pulp and consumed in Germany, in order to identify the processes with the largest environmental impacts. Another goal of
this study was to evaluate the effect on the potential environmental impacts of changing the market where the Portuguese printing
and writing paper is consumed: German market vs. Portuguese market.
Methods The main stages considered in this study were: forestry, pulp production, paper production, paper distribution, and paper
final disposal. Transports and production of chemicals, fuels and energy in the grid were also included in these stages. Whenever
possible and feasible, average or typical data from industry were collected. The remaining data were obtained from the literature
and specialised databases. A quantitative impact assessment was performed for five impact categories: global warming over
100 years, acidification, eutrophication, non-renewable resource depletion and photochemical oxidant formation.
Results In the German market scenario, the paper production stage was a remarkable hot spot for air emissions (non-renewable CO2, NOx and SO2) and for non-renewable energy consumption, and, consequently, for the impact categories that consider these parameters: global
warming, acidification and non-renewable resource depletion. These important environmental impacts are due to the energy requirements
in the printing and writing paper production process, which are fulfilled by on-site fuel oil burning and consumption of electricity
from the national grid, which is mostly based on the use of fossil fuels. The pulp production stage was identified as the
largest contributor to water emissions (COD and AOX) and to eutrophication. Considering that energy consumed by the pulp production
processes comes from renewable fuels, this stage was also the most contributing to renewable energy consumption.
Discussion The paper distribution stage showed an important contribution to NOx emissions, which, however, did not result in a major contribution to acidification or eutrophication. The final disposal
stage was the main contributor to the photochemical oxidant formation potential due to CH4 emissions from wastepaper landfilling. On the other hand, paper consumption in Portugal was environmentally more favourable
than in Germany for the parameters/impact categories where the paper distribution stage has a significant contribution (non-renewable
CO2, NOx, non-renewable energy consumption, acidification, eutrophication and non-renewable resource depletion) due to shorter distances
needed to deliver paper to the consumers. For the remaining parameters/impact categories, the increase observed in the final
disposal stage in the Portuguese market was preponderant, and resulted from the existence of significant differences in the
final disposal alternatives in the analysed markets (recycling dominates in Germany, whereas landfilling dominates in Portugal).
Conclusions The pulp and paper production stages were found to be of significance for almost all of the inventory parameters as well as
for the impact assessment categories. The paper distribution and the final disposal stages were only of importance for some
of the inventory parameters and some of the impact categories. The forestry stage played a minor role in the environmental
impacts generated during the paper life cycle. The consumption of paper in Portugal led to a decrease in the environmental
burdens of the paper distribution stage, but to an increase in the environmental burdens of the final disposal stage, when
compared with the consumption of paper in Germany.
Recommendations and Perspectives This study provides useful information that can assist the pulp and paper industry in the planning of future investments leading
to an increase in its sustainability.
The results of inventory analysis and impact assessment show the processes that play an important role in each impact category,
which allow the industry to improve its environmental performance, making changes not only in the production process itself,
but also in the treatment of flue gases and liquid effluents. Besides that concern regarding pollution prevention, other issues
with relevance to the context of sustainability, such as the energy consumption, can also be dealt with. 相似文献
13.
Using annual data for the period 1970–2012, the study explores the relationship between globalization and CO2 emissions by incorporating energy consumption, financial development and economic growth in CO2 emission function for India. It applies Lee and Strazicich (2013) unit root test for examining the stationary properties of variables in presence of structural breaks and employs the cointegration method proposed by Bayer and Hanck (2013) to test the long-run relationships in the model. The robustness s of cointegration result from the latter model was further verified with the application of the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration proposed by Pesaran et al. (2001). After confirming the existence of conitegration, the overall long run estimates of the estimation of carbon emission model points out that acceleration in the process of globalization (measured in its three dimensions – economic, social and political globalizations) and energy consumption result in increasing CO2 emissions, along with the contribution of economic development and financial development toward the deterioration of the environmental quality by raising CO2 emissions over the long-run. This finding validates the holding of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the Indian context. 相似文献
14.
空间互动视角下CO2排放驱动因素及溢出效应——基于全球98个国家的数据分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
全球气候变暖已成为21世纪威胁人类可持续发展的严峻挑战,减少CO2排放是抑制气候变暖的重要路径。从全球碳减排的宏观视角出发,以98个国家为研究对象,基于总商品贸易和化石能源贸易的引力模型构建两种空间互动关系,利用扩展后的S-STIRPAT模型对2000、2005、2010年和2014年人均CO2排放的驱动机制和空间溢出效应展开实证分析,并基于发展差异视角进一步探究发达和欠发达国家CO2排放驱动机制异同。研究结果表明:(1)2000、2005、2010年和2014年人均CO2排放溢出效应呈增强态势。(2)城市化水平、人均GDP、能源强度对人均CO2排放产生显著正向影响,可再生能源使用率对人均CO2排放产生显著负向影响。(3)发展差异视角下,城市化水平、人均GDP和能源强度对欠发达国家影响更大,可再生能源使用率对发达国家影响更为显著。根据研究结果建议加强发达国家和欠发达国家低碳技术交流与合作,同时积极调整能源结构以减少CO2排放。 相似文献
15.
辽宁省能源消费和碳排放与经济增长的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在广泛收集资料的基础上,对辽宁省的能源利用效率、能源消费强度与经济增长的关系进行探索,其目的为辽宁省的节能与CO2减排及经济的快速发展提供科学依据。结果表明:辽宁整体单位GDP能耗高出全国水平52%—70%,第二产业单位GDP能耗是第三产业的5.67—8.41倍,第一产业的7.2—9.0倍;辽宁能源利用率只有全国平均水平的60%左右,第二产业能源利用效率只有第一产业的11.89%,第三产业的12.60%;GDP年增长速率大于能源消费量年增长速率,能源投入增加促进了国民生产总值的提高,但是经济增长并不是完全依赖能源消费的增长;能源消费量与经济增长的关系,呈现出"N型"曲线特征,随着GDP的增加,能源消费量出现反复上升和下降过程,辽宁省能源消费和经济增长关系没有达到长期的均衡性,尚处于非平衡的发展阶段。 相似文献
16.
This study examines the impacts of income, energy consumption and population growth on CO2 emissions by employing an annual time series data for the period 1970–2012 for India, Indonesia, China, and Brazil. The study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test approach considering both the linear and non-linear assumptions for related time series data for the top CO2 emitter emerging countries in both the short run and long run. The results show that CO2 emissions have increased statistically significantly with increases in income and energy consumption in all four countries. While the relationship between CO2 emissions and population growth was found to be statistically significant for India and Brazil, it has been statistically insignificant for China and Indonesia in both the short run and long run. Also, empirical observations from the testing of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis imply that in the cases of Brazil, China and Indonesia, CO2 emissions will decrease over the time when income increases. So based on the EKC findings, it can be argued that these three countries should not take any actions or policies, which might have conservative impacts on income, in order to reduce their CO2 emissions. But in the case of India, where CO2 emissions and income were found to have a positive relationship, an increase in income over the time will not reduce CO2 emissions in the country. 相似文献
17.
Georg Smolka Ervin Kosatica Markus Berger Meidad Kissinger Dor Fridman Thomas Koellner 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2023,27(4):1123-1136
The supply of water, food, and energy in our global economy is highly interlinked. Virtual blue water embedded into internationally traded food crops has therefore been extensively researched in recent years. This study focuses on the often neglected energy needed to supply this blue irrigation water. It provides a globally applicable and spatially explicit approach to the watershed level for water source specific quantification of energy consumption and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of irrigation water supply. The approach is applied to Israel's total domestic and imported food crop supply of 105 crops by additionally including import-related transportation energy and emissions. Total energy use and related emissions of domestic crop production were much lower (551 GWh/422 kt CO2-equivalents [CO2e]) than those embedded into crop imports (1639 GWh/649 kt CO2e). Domestic energy and emissions were mainly attributable to the irrigation water supply with artificial water sources (treated domestic wastewater and desalinated water, 84%). Transport accounted for 79% and 66% of virtually imported energy and emissions, respectively. Despite transport, specific GHG emissions (CO2e per ton of crop) were significantly lower for several crops (e.g., olives, almonds, chickpeas) compared to domestic production. This could be attributed to the high share of energy-intensive artificial water supply in combination with higher irrigation water demands in Israel. In the course of an increasing demand for artificial water supply in arid and semi-arid regions, our findings point to the importance of including “energy for water” into comparative environmental assessment of crop supply to support decision-making related to the water–energy–food nexus. 相似文献
18.
As the largest CO2 emitter in the world, China has faced great pressure to mitigate its CO2 emissions. Thus, issues related to CO2 emissions in China have been widely studied. However, the industrial linkages of CO2 emissions at the regional level have been less concerned. This study integrates hypothetical extraction method with the multi-regional input–output model, and investigates industrial CO2 emission linkages of China at the regional level. Based on the data of China in 2007, which decomposes China into eight regions, this study first analyzes the production-based emission (PBE) and consumption-based emission (CBE) of each region. The PBE and CBE of 10 branches are then analyzed and decomposed into three parts. Finally, this study decomposes the externally produced embodied emission (EPEE) and internally produced embodied emission (IPEE) of Petrochemicals and Minerals in the East Coast, to illustrate how these two indicators of a branch affect other branches in the economy. Results show that regions with large PBE, such as coastal regions and Central, usually have large CBE, whereas Jing-jin has the smallest PBE and CBE. Branches such as Mining and Petrochemicals and Minerals, have large PBE and are net CO2 emission exporters; while Construction and Other Services are net importers. According to the decomposition results of PBE and CBE, branches can be classified into four groups. The decomposed IPEE and EPEE of Petrochemicals and Minerals in the East Coast show that from the perspective of regions, CO2 emissions this branch exports to and imports from East Coast are most. From the perspective of branches, decomposition of IPEE shows that Petrochemicals and Minerals in the East Coast exports a large amount of CO2 emissions to Construction, while the decomposition results of EPEE show that the studied branch imports least CO2 emissions from Construction. Policy implications deduced from this study are discussed. 相似文献
19.
我国典型城市化石能源消费CO2排放及其影响因素比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
城市是化石能源消费和CO2排放的主要区域。分析典型城市化石能源消费CO2排放特征,明确不同城市CO2排放动态及主要影响因素的差异,是开展城市减排行动的重要科学依据。采用IPCC推荐方法及中国的排放参数核算11个典型城市2006—2015年间化石能源消费产生的CO2排放量。根据各城市经济发展和CO2排放特征将之分为四类:经济高度发达城市(北京、上海、广州)、高碳排放城市(重庆、乌鲁木齐、唐山)、低排放低增长城市(哈尔滨、呼和浩特和大庆)和低排放高增长城市(贵阳、合肥),并运用对数平均迪氏指数法(Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index,即LMDI分解法)对比分析了四类城市CO2排放量的影响因素。结果表明:(1)研究期内大部分城市CO2排放总量有所增加,仅北京和广州呈下降趋势,工业部门CO2排放在城市排放总量及其变化中占据主导地位;四类城市的人均CO2排放量表现出与排放总量相... 相似文献
20.
Relationship between biomass energy and economic growth in transition countries: panel ARDL approach
Melike E. Bildirici 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2014,6(6):717-726
In this study, we have investigated the co‐integration and causality relationship between the biomass energy consumption and economic growth in the transition countries by the Panel Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method and Pedroni co‐integration analysis for 1990–2011. Analysed countries are gathered under two groups. For Groups 1 and 2, Pedroni panel co‐integration test and ARDL bound test results show that biomass energy consumption and economic growth are co‐integrated. Fully modified ordinary least squares results suggested that biomass energy consumption has positive effect on the economic growth. 相似文献