拟南芥FD与14-3-3/GRF7蛋白的相互作用研究

为了明确拟南芥FD与14-3-3/GRFs家族成员14-3-3/GRF7之间的互作关系,利用酵母双杂交和双分子荧光互补两种技术分别做了研究。在酵母中,与阴性对照相比,共转化FD-BD与14-3-3/GRF7-AD的酵母菌落在-Leu/-Trp/-His/-Ade四缺培养基上生长良好,表明在酵母中FD与4-3-3/GRF7之间存在直接的相互作用。在烟草中,与阴性对照相比,转化FD-c YFP与14-3-3/GRF7-n YFP,以及FD-n YFP与14-3-3/GRF7-c YFP载体的农杆菌共注射烟草细胞之后均在细胞核内观察到很强的荧光信号,表明在烟草细胞中FD与14-3-3/GRF7之间存在直接的相互作用。两种技术的结果共同证实FD与14-3-3/GRFs家族成员14-3-3/GRF7之间存在直接相互作用。     

TYRO3~(-/-)AXL~(-/-)MER~(-/-)小鼠骨髓细胞mRNA的差异表达谱

TYRO3、AXL和MER受体是受体酪氨酸激酶亚家族之一,广泛地表达在哺乳动物神经、免疫、生殖、血液等系统多种细胞中,促进细胞存活、增殖和分化。本研究利用基因芯片技术筛选基因敲除的TYRO3~(~(-/-))AXL~(-/-)MER~(-/-)小鼠骨髓细胞中差异性表达的m RNA,并进行生物信息学分析。与正常小鼠骨髓细胞相比,TYRO3~(-/-)AXL~(-/-)MER~(-/-)小鼠骨髓细胞中差异表达基因探针共1 363条,其中表达上调的基因探针499条、下调的基因探针864条。GO功能富集分析发现上调的基因主要参与免疫反应,下调的基因主要参与造血。KEGG Pathway富集分析发现上调的基因主要参与细胞粘附分子和抗原呈递等信号通路。Real-time PCR验证5个差异基因,与芯片中表达变化趋势一致。因此TYRO3、AXL和MER受体共同参与调控机体的免疫反应和血细胞分化。     

14-3-3 蛋白

介绍了14－3－3蛋白的基本结构和功能,并简要概述了14－3－3蛋白在信号转导,细胞周期调控以及前体蛋白的折叠与运输过程中的作用机理。     

14-3-3蛋白研究进展

14-3-3蛋白是高度保守的、所有真核生物细胞中都普遍存在的、在大多数生物物种中由一个基因家族编码的一类蛋白调控家族。它几乎参与生命体所有的生理反应过程,人们在各种组织细胞中发现了各种不同的14-3-3蛋白。作为与磷酸丝氨酸／苏氨酸结合的第一信号分子,14-3-3蛋白在细胞的信号转导中起着至关重要的作用,尤其是它直接参与调节蛋白激酶和蛋白磷酸化酶的活性,被称为蛋白质与蛋白质相互作用的”桥梁蛋白”;它可以与转录因子结合形成复合体,调节相关基因的表达。一些研究表明,14-3-3蛋白调控机制的紊乱可以直接导致疾病的发生,在临床上14-3-3蛋白常常可以作为诊断的标志物。     

黄病毒NS2-3/NS3蛋白的结构与功能

猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)、牛病毒性腹泻病病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)和羊边界病病毒(Border disease virus,BDV)共同组成黄病毒科(Flaviviridae)的瘟病毒属(Pestivirus)。近年来,对该属病毒的核酸序列、蛋白结构、基因组片段及其表达产物功能     

LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮浓度

目的:建立快速、灵敏测定大鼠血浆中5-羟基-7-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-1-苯基-3-庚酮(DPHA)的LCMS/MS方法。方法:血浆样品经正己烷萃取后进行分析,采用Kinetex XB-C18色谱柱(2.10 mm×50 mm,2.6μm),柱温40℃,以水(含0.01%甲酸)-甲醇(含0.01%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,流速0.30 m L/min,ESI离子源,多反应离子监测(MRM),用于定量分析的离子对为m/z 329.2→163.0,内标化合物益智酮甲为313.1→137.0。结果:DPHA的线性范围为1.0～2000.0 ng/mL(r=0.9996),最低定量限为1.0 ng/m L;提取回收率为73.53%～85.77%,基质效应为99.63%～110.50%;日内和日间精密度RSD均低于15%,重复性好。用该法测定静脉注射给药DPHA(1.0 mg/kg)后0.5 h大鼠血药浓度为36.2±5.1 ng/m L(n=4,RSD=14.0%)。结论:本法经方法学验证,适用于大鼠血浆中DPHA浓度的测定,适合药代动力学研究。     

淋巴细胞活化基因-3敲除(Lag-3~(-/-))小鼠构建及初步表型分析

目的构建淋巴细胞活化基因-3(Lag-3)基因敲除小鼠,初步分析Lag-3基因敲除对小鼠表型影响,为后续Lag-3体内功能研究提供动物模型。方法利用CRISPR/Cas9技术结合受精卵显微注射构建敲除小鼠,通过分子鉴定筛选基因敲除阳性小鼠,利用RT-PCR和流式检测方法进一步验证Lag-3基因敲除小鼠体内Lag-3基因敲除效果;通过建立Con A诱导的肝损伤模型研究Lag-3基因在体内的功能。结果 PCR和产物测序结果显示,获得了exon 2缺失的Lag-3基因敲除小鼠;该基因敲除纯合子小鼠(Lag-3~(-/-))经刀豆蛋白(Con A)刺激后,小鼠心脏、脾、肺、巨噬细胞和淋巴结中仅能检测到Lag-3 mRNA本底表达信号,小鼠巨噬细胞、脾细胞和淋巴结中仅能检测到非常低数量的Lag-3阳性细胞。表型分析发现,Lag-3基因的缺失显著减少了Con A诱导的小鼠外周血、骨髓和脾CD3+T细胞的数量,减轻了Con A诱发的急性肝损伤情况。结论成功构建Lag-3基因敲除小鼠模型,肝损伤过程中的体内功能研究显示,Lag-3缺失可以显著缓解Con A引发的肝损伤的发生。     

植物14-3-3蛋白研究进展

14-3-3蛋白是真核生物中许多信号传导级联反应的主要调节分子,易于与具有磷酸化的丝氨酸和苏氨酸残基的靶蛋白互作进而调节碳氮代谢、三羧酸循环、莽草酸合成等多种生理过程中的多种酶活性。该文根据近年来国内外对14-3-3蛋白的研究进展,对植物中14-3-3蛋白的发现、基因鉴定、结构和功能以及14-3-3蛋白与其靶蛋白的互作机制进行综述,并对14-3-3蛋白的研究提出了进一步的展望。     

Arachidonic Acid Binds 14-3-3ζ, Releases 14-3-3ζ from Phosphorylated BAD and Induces Aggregation of 14-3-3ζ

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, like arachidonic acid, can bind proteins and affect their function. The 14-3-3 proteins bind phosphorylated sites on a diverse array of client proteins and, in this way, are involved in many intracellular signaling pathways. In this study, we used a novel approach to discover that 14-3-3ζ is able to directly bind arachidonic acid. Furthermore, arachidonic acid, at physiological concentrations, reduced the binding of 14-3-3ζ to phosphorylated BAD, an interaction that is important in regulating apoptosis. In addition, high concentrations of arachidonic acid caused the polymerization of 14-3-3ζ, an event observed in neurodegenerative disorders. Taken together, these results indicate that arachidonic acid directly interacts with 14-3-3ζ and that this interaction may be important in both normal and pathological cellular events. If so, then factors that mediate the release, metabolism and reacylation of arachidonic acid into membranes represent key points of regulation.     

大豆ω-3脂肪酸脱氢酶基因GmFAD3C在酿酒酵母中的表达

α-亚麻酸(ALA)被称为必需脂肪酸,对人体有一系列的保健作用。Ω-3脂肪酸脱氢酶（FAD）催化亚油酸(LA)生成ALA。大豆种子油中ALA含量较高,为了研究大豆ω- 3FAD的功能,用RT-PCR方法从大豆未成熟种子中扩增出GmFAD3C的cDNA,克隆到酵母表达载体p416中,并用醋酸锂法转化酿酒酵母营养缺陷型K601,经筛选鉴定,得到阳性克隆。气相色谱分析脂肪酸成分,发现工程菌产生了新的脂肪成分ALA,含量占总脂肪酸的3.1％,LA含量与对照相比相应地下降,证明该基因编码的蛋白具有催化18碳多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）底物LA在Δ15位脱氢生成ALA的ω-3 FAD功能,首次实现大豆ω-3 脂肪酸脱氢酶基因在酿酒酵母K601 p416系统中的表达,建立了一种新的高效低成本的FAD酵母表达系统。     

新型神经营养素-1/B细胞刺激因子-3的研究进展

神经营养素-1/B细胞刺激因子-3是糖蛋白130(gp130)细胞因子家族新成员,在不同细胞系里能激活Janus激酶-信号转导和转录激活剂(JaK-STAT)、促细胞分裂活性蛋白激酶(MAPK)和磷酸肌醇3激酶(PI3/AKT)信号路径,神经营养素-1/B细胞刺激因子-3有广泛的生物学效应。     

The human H3N2 influenza viruses A/Victoria/3/75 and A/Hiroshima/52/2005 preferentially bind to α2-3-sialylated monosialogangliosides with fucosylated poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl chains

Among influenza A viruses, subtype H3N2 is the major cause of human influenza morbidity and is associated with seasonal epidemics causing annually half million deaths worldwide. Influenza A virus infection is initiated via hemagglutinin that binds to terminally sialylated glycoconjugates exposed on the surface of target cells. Gangliosides from human granulocytes were probed using thin-layer chromatography overlay assays for their binding potential to H3N2 virus strains A/Victoria/3/75 and A/Hiroshima/52/2005. Highly polar gangliosides with poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl chains showing low chromatographic mobility exhibited strong virus adhesion which was entirely abolished by sialidase treatment. Auxiliary overlay assays using anti-sialyl Lewis(x) (sLe(x)) monoclonal antibodies showed identical binding patterns compared with those performed with the viruses. A comprehensive structural analysis of fractionated gangliosides by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed sLe(x) gangliosides with terminal Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4(Fucα1-3)GlcNAc epitope and extended neolacto (nLc)-series core structures as the preferential virus binding gangliosides. More precisely, sLe(x) gangliosides with nLc8, nLc10 and nLc12Cer cores, carrying sphingosine (d18:1) and a fatty acid with variable chain length (mostly C24:0, C24:1 or C16:0) in the ceramide moiety and one or two additional internal fucose residues in the oligosaccharide portion, were identified as the preferred receptors recognized by H3N2 virus strains A/Victoria/3/75 and A/Hiroshima/52/2005. This study describes glycan-binding requirements of hemagglutinin beyond binding to glycans with a specific sialic acid linkage of as yet undefined neutrophil receptors acting as ligands for H3N2 viruses. In addition, our results pose new questions on the biological and clinical relevance of this unexpected specificity of a subtype of influenza A viruses.     

14-3-3参与apelin-13促进大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖ERK1/2信号途径研究

本室以前已经报道了G蛋白偶联受体APJ的内源性配体多肽,apelin-13,通过激活ERK1/2促进大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖.本文研究14-3-3信号蛋白是否参与apelin-13促进大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖ERK1/2信号途径,探讨apelin/APJ系统的细胞信号转导机制.组织贴块法培养大鼠胸主动脉VSMCs;Western blotting方法检测14-3-3、pRaf-1、Raf-1、pERK1/2、ERK1/2、cyclinD1、cyclinE的表达;MTT方法观察14-3-3抑制剂Difopein对VSMCs的增殖作用;免疫共沉淀方法检测14-3-3和Raf-1蛋白复合物的形成.Western blotting方法结果显示,apelin-13(0、0.5、1、2、4μmol/L)浓度依赖性刺激大鼠VSMCs 14-3-3表达、Raf-1和ERK1/2磷酸化,以2μmol/L最为明显;2μmol/L apelin-13时间依赖性刺激大鼠VSMCs 14-3-3表达、Raf-1和ERK1/2磷酸化,在4 h增加最为显著;14-3-3蛋白抑制剂Difopein明显抑制apelin-13诱导的Raf-1磷酸化、ERK1/2磷酸化、cyclinD1及cyclinE表达;免疫共沉淀方法发现apelin-13诱导14-3-3与Raf-1结合增加,而Difopein明显抑制两者结合;MTT法显示Difopein明显抑制apelin-13诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖.上述结果表明,Apelin-13通过14-3-3/Raf-1复合物-ERK1/2信号转导通路促进大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖.     

14-3-3蛋白和神经退行性疾病

14-3-3蛋白以二聚体形式存在,识别磷酸丝氨酸／苏氨酸连接的信号分子,通过与其配体蛋白质相互作用,参与细胞信号转导、细胞周期调控和细胞问运输。14-3-3蛋自在脑组织中含量丰富,所有神经元、星形胶质细胞、少突肢质细胞、小胶质细胞的胞液与胞核中都有表述。14-3-3蛋白与神经退行性疾病阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的发生过程关系密切。     

14-3-3:保护性信号转导调节蛋白

14 3 3蛋白家族是真核细胞中高度保守的可溶性蛋白。在哺乳动物 ,14 3 3蛋白主要存在于脑。 14 3 3蛋白与许多蛋白结合 ,在细胞凋亡、生长、增殖的信号转导过程中发挥关键的调节作用 ,是细胞内重要的保护性蛋白。 14 3 3蛋白还是一些脑疾病的诊断标志。 14 3 3蛋白有可能成为治疗一些疾病的靶点     

14-3-3蛋白与植物细胞信号转导

14-3-3蛋白通过直接蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用对植物代谢关键酶、质膜H^＋ -ATP酶等发挥广泛调节作用。越来越多证据显示14-3-3蛋白通过与转录因子和其他信号分子结合参与调控植物细胞信号转导。对植物细胞中14-3-3蛋白调控信号转导途径,尤其是植物细胞对胁迫响应的调控机制进行了综述。     

14-3-3? and 14-3-3σ Inhibit Toll-like Receptor (TLR)-mediated Proinflammatory Cytokine Induction

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors that play a crucial role in the induction of the innate immune response against bacterial and viral infections. TLR3 has emerged as a key sensor of viral double-stranded RNA. Thus, a clearer understanding of the biological processes that modulate TLR3 signaling is essential. Limited studies have applied proteomics toward understanding the dynamics of TLR signaling. Herein, a proteomics approach identified 14-3-3ϵ and 14-3-3σ proteins as new members of the TLR signaling complex. Toward the functional characterization of 14-3-3ϵ and 14-3-3σ in TLR signaling, we have shown that both of these proteins impair TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7/8, and TLR9 ligand-induced IL-6, TNFα, and IFN-β production. We also show that 14-3-3ϵ and 14-3-3σ impair TLR2-, TLR3-, TLR4-, TLR7/8-, and TLR9-mediated NF-κB and IFN-β reporter gene activity. Interestingly, although the 14-3-3 proteins inhibit poly(I:C)-mediated RANTES production, 14-3-3 proteins augment Pam₃CSK₄, LPS, R848, and CpG-mediated production of RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) in a Mal (MyD88 adaptor-like)/MyD88-dependent manner. 14-3-3ϵ and 14-3-3σ also bind to the TLR adaptors and to both TRAF3 and TRAF6. Our study conclusively shows that 14-3-3ϵ and 14-3-3σ play a major regulatory role in balancing the host inflammatory response to viral and bacterial infections through modulation of the TLR signaling pathway. Thus, manipulation of 14-3-3 proteins may represent novel therapeutic targets for inflammatory conditions and infections.     

Substrate Properties of Adenosine- and Uridine- 3′- Phenylphosphonates for 3′-Nucleotidase/Nucleases

Abstract

Adenosine- and uridine- 3′-phenylphosphonates have been synthesized and evaluated as substrates of 3′-nucleotidase/nucleases. No other nucleases hydrolyzed these compounds. Since V_max values for the adenosine derivative were comparable to those for 3 -AMP and the apparent K_m were 1.4–2.6 mM, it may be a useful substrate.