不同品系小鼠在三种常见抑郁检测方法中的行为学表现

目的探讨4种不同品系小鼠在3种实验（空场实验、悬尾实验及强迫游泳实验）中的行为学差异,为抗抑郁新药研究中的实验动物选择提供参考。方法利用空场实验检测C57BL/6、BALB/c、ICR、和昆明小鼠的自主活动能力和对新奇环境的探索能力;利用悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验检测它们在应激刺激下的行为绝望状态。结果在空场实验中,BALB/c、ICR和昆明小鼠的运动总路程、运动速度和运动时间明显高于C57BL/6小鼠（P〈0.05）,ICR和昆明小鼠的直立次数也明显高于C57BL/6小鼠（P〈0.05）;悬尾实验C57BL/6小鼠的不动时间显著长于其他3种品系小鼠（P〈0.05）,但是4种品系小鼠在强迫游泳实验中的不动时间差异无显著性。结论 C57BL/6小鼠自发活动量低,对新奇环境的探索能力差,并且在急性应激刺激下容易造成行为绝望,因此C57BL/6小鼠可能适合作为急性应激抑郁模型动物。     

不同时间睡眠干扰所致小鼠的类抑郁样行为

目的研究不同时间睡眠干扰后所致的小鼠类抑郁样行为学表现。方法使用滚筒睡眠干扰仪对小鼠进行不同时间(5、10、15 d)睡眠干扰后,分别对各组动物进行自主活动测试实验、强迫游泳实验和悬尾实验。结果干扰5 d组与对照组比,自主活动总路程、平均速度、运动总时间减少(P<0.05),干扰10 d组与对照组比,自主活动总路程、平均速度、运动总时间减少(P<0.05)。干扰5 d后,小鼠强迫游泳、悬尾实验中各指标与对照组比无差异,干扰10 d组小鼠的游泳不动时间[(143.92±9.48)s]和悬尾不动时间[(127.89±6.33)s]均较对照组小鼠游泳不动时间[(128.50±6.63)s]和悬尾不动时间[(102.64±9.57)s]长(P<0.05),干扰15 d组小鼠的游泳不动时间[(143.08±8.13)s]和悬尾不动时间[(119.10±10.43)s]均较对照组小鼠游泳不动时间[(113.00±7.28)s]和悬尾不动时间[(89.55±9.07)s]长(P<0.05)。干扰5 d组、10 d组、15 d组与对照组比,体重均降低(P<0.05)。结论滚筒法睡眠干扰10、15 d可引起小鼠的类抑郁样行为学表现。     

微机自动控制动物饮食行为检测仪的研制

采用红外传感、减速马达和光电传感组合、压力传感、51系列单片微机控制和记忆等技术,研制一种检测动物饮食行为的仪器,用于药物和食品研制中的动物实验。经30例小鼠实验证明,效果良好,该仪器为测定动物饮食行为提供了一种全新的先进方法。     

数据记忆动物游泳测试仪的研制

目的研制一种用于检测动物负载游泳状况及过程的仪器,用于动物疲劳游泳试验。方法采用不同直径的可调换加载钢球、恒温水池、接近传感器信号转换、51系列单片微机控制和记忆信号。结果研制出一台可同时做六路平行实验的动物游泳测试仪,自动记忆动物在加载的情况下抗疲劳游泳的全过程。结论经36例小鼠实验证明,效果良好,该仪器为动物负载游泳实验提供了一种全新的测试方法。     

微机控制自动微容量测试仪的研制

采用光电传感信号、步进马达抽送液系统5、1系列单片微机控制和记忆系统,研制一种用于检测微容量变化的仪器,用于药理实验中对动物肢体容积变化进行测定。经10例小鼠实验证明,效果良好,该仪器为测定动物肢体容积变化提供了一种全新的先进方法。     

人参总皂苷和远志总苷配伍对小鼠抗抑郁作用

目的确定人参总皂苷（GTS）和远志总苷（PTG）抗抑郁配伍剂量比例,形成参远苷（SGY）制剂,为研制开发抗抑郁新药提供实验数据。方法采用析因设计方法,GTS和PTG均选取25、50、100 mg/kg三个剂量,按照完全随机的两因素3×3实验设计,得到参远苷的9个不同配比组。C57BL/6J小鼠（用于悬尾实验）和ICR小鼠（用于强迫游泳实验）随机分为对照组、阳性药组（10 mg/kg,帕罗西汀用于悬尾实验;阿米替林用于强迫游泳实验）及参远苷的9个不同配比组,共11组。灌胃给药7 d,观察各组对悬尾或强迫游泳实验小鼠不动时间的影响,并通过空场实验观察参远苷各配比对小鼠自主活动的影响。参远苷与单味GTS、PTG的抗抑郁作用比较实验中,C57BL/6J小鼠（用于悬尾实验）和ICR小鼠（用于强迫游泳实验）随机分为对照组、阳性药组（10 mg/kg,帕罗西汀用于悬尾实验;阿米替林用于强迫游泳实验）、参远苷低中高剂量组（37.5、75、150 mg/kg）、GTS和PTG各四个剂量组（均为18.75、37.5、75、150 mg/kg）,共13组。灌胃给药7 d,观察各组对悬尾或强迫游泳实验小鼠不动时间的影响。结果析因设计结果表明,GTS和PTG之间无交互效应。参远苷配比组75 mg/kg（GTS∶PTG为50∶25）及150mg.kg-1（GTS∶PTG为100∶50）显著并稳定缩短悬尾或强迫游泳不动时间（P〈0.05）,得出GTS和PTG的剂量配伍比例为2：1。空场实验结果显示,参远苷各配比对小鼠运动总路程无影响。参远苷与单味GTS、PTG抗抑郁作用比较实验结果显示,GTS 75、150 mg/kg缩短悬尾实验小鼠不动时间（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,对强迫游泳实验小鼠不动时间无影响。PTG 18.75、37.5 mg/kg缩短强迫游泳实验小鼠不动时间（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）,对悬尾实验小鼠不动时间无影响。参远苷75、150 mg/kg缩短悬尾实验小鼠不动时间（P〈0.05）。同时,参远苷37.5、75 mg/kg缩短强迫游泳实验小鼠不动时间（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。结论 GTS和PTG以2：1的比例形成的参远苷（SYG）制剂,质量容易控制,作用机制多样,符合抑郁症复杂多样的发病机制,优于单味GTS和PTG,进一步研究之后,有可能成为新型的抗抑郁药物。     

悬尾应激对小鼠空间记忆及其反转学习的损伤效应

该文探讨了连续数天短时悬尾应激对小鼠十字迷宫空间记忆及其反转学习的作用。81只成年雄性昆明小鼠被分为4大组:绝对空间记忆获得组及巩固组;相对空间记忆获得组及巩固组。每大组又分为悬尾组(每天训练前或训练后立即接受悬尾处理20min)和对照组。结果表明,在空间记忆训练初期,各对照组和悬尾组动物正确反应率无明显差异,均在机遇水平;随着训练天数的增加,对照组成绩显著提高,当其正确反应率达到80%时,悬尾组正确反应率仍处于或略高于机遇水平,两组间差异显著(P<0.01);在反转学习中,悬尾组正确反应率也显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。这些表明,悬尾应激可显著损伤小鼠的空间记忆及其反转学习的获得和巩固,其中相对空间记忆及其反转学习的巩固受损尤为严重。     

无创测量大鼠收缩压和舒张压的新仪器和新方法

无创测量大鼠等小动物的动脉压,是生物医学领域中清醒动物心血管功能研究必备的一项技术方法。国外于本世纪中期提出的尾套测压技术(tail-cuff technique)及研制的脉搏描记器(sphygmograph)已被有关研究工作者广泛采用。该仪器可准确测量大鼠收缩压,但不能测量舒张压的精确数值。为了取代这种昂贵的进口仪器(tail-cuff sphygmograph),并解决舒张压的无创准确测量问题,我们参照尾套技术的原理,设计制作了一种清醒大鼠尾动脉压测量     

昆明种小鼠体长与尾长的测定

昆明种小鼠是我国目前使用最广泛的实验动物,为了解其年龄与体长,尾长的关系,我们选用不同日龄的封闭群昆明种小鼠,对其体长、尾长分别进行测定,现将结果报告如下。 (一)材料与方法 1.动物来源 (1)选取某动物室昆明种饲养间生产群全部经产小鼠,作为种鼠组。将在育种中注意挑选体壮、尾粗长的经产种鼠作为A群鼠,忽视挑选尾长的经产种鼠作为B群鼠。 (2)随机选用不同日龄的昆明种小鼠。 (3)随机选用父母亲是尾长/体长值大于1的三窝仔鼠中的雌鼠,称为C群鼠。 2.饲养环境 种鼠组。A与C群鼠成年后     

DS-1226对慢性睡眠干扰所致小鼠抑郁行为的改善作用

目的研究人参皂苷水解产物DS-1226对慢性睡眠干扰小鼠的抗抑郁作用,为抗抑郁药物的研发提供科学依据。方法将72只雄性ICR小鼠分为空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组(盐酸帕罗西汀,10 mg/kg)、DS-1226低剂量组(20 mg/kg)、中剂量组(40 mg/kg)、高剂量组(80 mg/kg)。除空白组外,其他组小鼠先进行3 d的滚筒适应,然后连续进行14 d睡眠干扰。采用体重监测、自主活动实验、悬尾实验、强迫游泳实验等实验方法,评价DS-1226的抗抑郁作用。结果连续进行14 d睡眠干扰后,与空白对照组相比,模型组体重显著下降,悬尾和强迫游泳不动时间显著增长。与模型组相比,DS-1226中剂量组显著逆转睡眠干扰所致的体重下降,其他各给药组均未能显著逆转睡眠干扰所致的体重下降;阳性药组的悬尾不动时间极显著减少,强迫游泳不动时间有减少趋势;DS-1226中剂量悬尾不动时间显著减少,强迫游泳不动时间有明显减少趋势;DS-1226高剂量组悬尾和强迫游泳不动时间均显著减少。结论 DS-1226具有改善慢性睡眠干扰小鼠抑郁样行为的作用。     

自记录动物挂杠持久度测试装置的研制

目的：研制一种检测动物挂杠持久度的实验装置,用于相关医药研究中的动物静态抗疲劳实验。方法采用51系列单片微机控制和记忆,光耦传感器、电磁水阀等组合控制电路和技术。结果成功研制出一种适用于医学及药学研究领域的带微机控制和自记忆功能的动物挂杠持久度实验装置,经28例小白鼠实验证明,效果良好。结论该实验装置为动物抗疲劳实验提供了一种全新的方法。     

Estrous cycle effects on behavior of C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ female mice: implications for phenotyping strategies

Systematic behavioral phenotyping of genetically modified mice is a powerful method with which to identify the molecular factors implicated in control of animal behavior, with potential relevance for research into neuropsychiatric disorders. A number of such disorders display sex differences, yet the use of female mice in phenotyping strategies has been a rare practice because of the potential variability related to the estrous cycle. We have now investigated the behavioral effects of the estrous cycle in a battery of behavioral tests in C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ inbred strains of mice. Whereas the performance of BALB/cByJ female mice varied significantly depending on the phase of the estrous cycle in the open field, tail flick and tail suspension tests, the behavior of C57BL/6J females, with the exception of the tail suspension performance, remained stable across all four phases of the estrous cycle in all of the tests including open field, rotarod, startle reflex and pre-pulse inhibition, tail flick and hot plate. We also found that irrespective of the estrous cycle, the behavior of C57BL/6J females was different from that of BALB/cByJ groups in all of the behavioral paradigms. Such strain differences were previously reported in male comparisons, suggesting that the same inter-group differences can be revealed by studying female or male mice. In addition, strain differences were evident even for behaviors that were susceptible to estrous cycle modulations, although their detection might necessitate the constitution of large experimental groups.     

Energy expenditure and blood flows in thermoregulatory organs during microgravity simulation in rat. Emphasis on the importance of the control group

Rat tail suspension is commonly used to mimic human physiology in space. However, energy metabolism adaptation and related autonomic responses are unknown. To give new insights in energy homeostasis, we determined total energy expenditure (TEE) and blood flow redistribution in thermoregulatory organs during suspension using two control groups of animals widely accepted in the literature: the individually housed (isolated) and restraint rats (horizontally attached to the suspension device). Rats (n=33) were randomly assigned during 14-days to three experimental groups: isolated, suspended, or attached. TEE was assessed by a doubly labeled water method throughout the 14 days, and regional blood flow by radiolabeled microsphere procedure at the end of the protocol. Attachment vs. suspension resulted in a significant decrease in TEE (25%), skin (54%), adrenal (55%) and kidney (42%) blood flows, cardiac index (33%), and plasma corticosterone (50%), whereas total peripheral resistances increased (50%). Isolation vs. attachment triggered an inverse response, of similar amplitude, for all above variables. By comparing isolation and suspension, no overall effect was observed. The striking conclusion of this study is that no clear conclusion can be drawn. The choice of the isolated or attached animals as control profoundly influences the outcome results regarding the effects of simulated weightlessness. Further studies are needed but we favor the attached group as the true control since, from a theoretical point of view, a suspended rat is attached plus suspended. In such conditions, TEE decreases to the same extent in rat and humans during simulated microgravity. When reviewing published experiments, we recommend special attention to the control group used rather than on the effects of suspension as compared to an undefined control.     

A blastocyst biopsy approach for preimplantation genetic diagnosis technique that affects the expression of SNAP-α in mice

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a technique that is commonly used during assisted reproduction in the clinics to eliminate genetically abnormal embryos before implantation. The blastomere biopsy technique has risks related to the embryo, but blastocyst biopsy has not been systematically evaluated in relation to effects after birth, and the resulting offspring have not been followed up on. We designed a series of experiments to evaluate the risk of blastocyst biopsy on the resulting progeny. Mice were divided into a PGD group and a control group. The former was the progeny of mice that underwent blastocyst biopsy and the latter was delivered through a normal pregnancy without blastocyst biopsy. Each group consisted of 15 animals. We found no effects of blastocyst biopsy on reproductive capacities and weight gain. As for neurobehavioral evaluation between both groups, there were no significant differences in tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, the open field test and the elevated plus maze. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of MBP, PRDX5 and UCHL1 in the PGD group were not significantly different compared to the control group, but SNAP-α expression in the PGD group was lower than that in control group. In summary, we concluded that blastocyst biopsy had no adverse effect on the general growth and behavior in mice. However, blastocyst biopsy effected the expression of SNAP-α. Therefore, the safety of blastocyst biopsy requires further evaluation.     

The comparison of levels of anxiety and stress response in mice selected for low and high brain weight

Emotionality, anxiety and stress reactivity were studied in mice selected for large (LW) and small (SW) brain weight. The open-field test, startle reaction, cross-maze, tail suspension and slippery funnel tests were used. It was shown that the SW mice are more active in the open field, more anxious and predisposed to the stereotyped behavior and passive reactions in stress situations. The relationship between the studied traits and brain weight and their influence on cognitive behavior are discussed.     

Biological properties of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The invasiveness of 2 grud sensitive and 8 holy-resistant M. tuberculosis clinical isolated was evaluated in experiments on BALB/c mice. Mycobacterial suspension was injected into the caudal vein of experimental animals. The results were evaluated by the degree of contamination of lungs and spleen of infected animals euthanized at different periods on time. The study revealed high variability in the degree of contamination of the organs of the animals infected with M. tuberculosis drug-resistant clinical isolates.