Demographic trends in a captive population of red pandas (Ailurus fulgens)

Birth and survivorship data based upon 39 litters born over a ten-year period are examined and discussed. Reproduction in red pandas is characterized by seasonal breeding, small mean litter size, and relatively high survivorship of young, and in general follows a typical “K-selected” life-history strategy. The mean litter size was two, and the sex ratio at birth was approximately 1 male to 1.11 females. Higher male mortality in the early age classes resulted in a sex ratio in favor of females. Mortality was not correlated with age or experience of the mother but was found to be highly positively correlated with an increase in the inbreeding coefficient of the young. There was no significant difference in mortality among the different litter-size classes, and in general mortality decreased with age. Recommendations concerning future management for the study population are given.     

Mammalian endemism,range size and conservation status in the southern temperate zone

Aim To examine the taxonomic uniqueness, range sizes, endemism and conservation status of southern temperate zone mammals and how factors impacting their conservation differ across hemispheres. Location Land surfaces of all continents (with the exception of Antarctica) and continental islands with an emphasis on the southern temperate hemisphere (land south of the Tropic of Capricorn). Methods We used data from the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species to characterize conservation status, threats and range sizes to compare northern and southern temperate zone mammals. We assessed the taxonomic uniqueness of the two regions as derived from the EDGE programme. We also conducted a gap analysis by overlapping mammal ranges with protected area coverages for temperate regions. Results Southern temperate species are phylogenetically more unique than in the Northern Hemisphere. The endemics have significantly smaller range sizes and are at a significantly greater risk of extinction (about 50% greater, with 24.7% of species being threatened versus 15.6% in the Northern Hemisphere). Finally, southern temperate endemics are significantly more likely to exist outside protected areas (13.38% versus 3.65%). Main conclusions The southern temperate zone harbours a unique fauna, attributed to the long isolation from the northern temperate zone. Temperate regions are heavily exploited for human activities, especially grazing and agriculture. The Southern Hemisphere is particularly susceptible to disturbance, given the small range sizes of its species and the low degree of protected area coverage. The scenario now is one of regions with numerous endemics under high threat from human activities.     

中国名蘑100

从中国分布的大型真菌中筛选出100种具有重要经济价值(食用、药用或剧毒)或者中国特有的、具有重要学术研究价值的珍稀物种,旨在为人们认识、利用和保护这些物种提供参考。     

Developing regional conservation priorities using red lists: a hypothetical example from the Swiss lowlands

This paper investigates how different prioritizations of species for conservation can affect both the number of breeding individuals that receive protection and the distribution of conservation attention among different types of habitat. I use as a study example three red lists of the avifauna of Kanton Zürich in northern Switzerland. Species are weighted based on their placement in different red list categories to represent differences in species' relative conservation value. I examine how these weightings affect the number of breeding pairs benefiting from increasing conservation effort. Conservation effort is defined as the number of ranked land parcels that receive conservation attention, be it through habitat enhancement, protection, or other measures. I rank parcels' conservation value based on the number of weighted breeding pairs estimated for each parcel. Not surprisingly, the number of category-1, -2 and -3 breeding pairs that receive benefits varies greatly when different red lists are used. Changes in the relative conservation value of species in different categories influences both the number of breeding pairs and the number of parcels to receive conservation attention. The effect of increasing conservation effort on the number of breeding pairs and the proportion of each landscape type receiving attention also vary when different red lists and relative conservation values are used to determine conservation priorities. Use of the official red list published by a governmental body (Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft, Bern, Switzerland) results in more emphasis on conservation in agricultural landscape than did use of either of the other two lists. The process of prioritization of sites for conservation should evaluate the effects of variation in both the relative conservation value of species and species categorization that may arise due to incomplete data and variation in opinion.     

对IUCN红色名录等级中\"Vulnerable\"一词翻译的商榷

根据IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria(V3.1),作者认为把\"Vulnerable\"翻译成\"渐危\"和\"易危\"不十分准确,容易混淆和误导,建议把其翻译成\"低危\"。     

中国首批濒危苔藓植物红色名录简报

初步报道了2004年上海中国苔藓植物多样性保护国际研讨会上通过的中国首批濒危苔藓植物红色名录。名录共计82种,其中藓类植物28科、47属、50种,苔类植物12科、26属、31种和角苔类植物1科、1属、1种。根据修订的IUCN/IAB标准, 82种苔藓植物中,36种划为极危（CR）,29种划为濒危（EN）,17种划为易危（VU）。对中国首批濒危苔藓植物的地理分布特点、濒危原因及今后的保护行动也进行了初步讨论。     

Climax epiphytic communities in Mediterranean Spain

The Antitrichetalia curtipendulae epiphytic climax communities of Šmarda & Hadàč from the Spanish Mediterranean area have been classified by numerical and traditional floristic methods. Ninety-eight phytosociological relevés have been recorded from a number of Iberian forests. Our results indicate two clusters that can be easily related to two different alliances: Lobarion pulmonariae (Nephrometum resupinati) and Pterogonio gracile-Antitrichion californicae (Antitrichielum californicae). A phytogeographical and syntaxonomical discussion is followed by a suggested Red List of threatened lichens and bryophytes occurring in these communities in the Spanish Mediterranean area with the aim of advancing conservation of endangered and vulnerable species.