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1.
J. A. Chweya 《Plant and Soil》1990,124(2):261-263
An experiment was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application levels (0, 47, 94 and 188 kg N/ha) on thiocyanate contents of petioles and lamina of two Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala varieties (Thousand-headed kale and Georgia collards).The results showed that N application significantly decreased thiocyanate contents of both laminae and petioles. Applying 47, 94, 188 kg N/ha reduced thiocyanate of laminae and petioles by 26, 41 and 52% and 2, 9 and 39%, respectively. The results also showed that thiocyanate of leaves from Thousand-headed kale was significantly higher than that of Georgia collards. Lamina and petiole thiocyanates of Georgia collards were 79% and 83% of those of Thousand-headed kale, respectively. 相似文献
2.
The G-protein subunit -gustducin is a marker of chemoreceptive cells. In the present study, we examined the immunohistochemical localization of -gustducin in rat airway epithelium both by light and electron microscopy. -Gustducin immunoreactivity was found in solitary cells that presented ultrastructural features of chemoreceptor cells, i.e. flask-shaped or pear-shaped, with an apical process with thin microvilli protruding into the lumen. The immunostaining was mainly concentrated in the apical process and along the basolateral cell surface. To investigate whether -gustducin-immunoreactive cells represented a distinct cell subset in rat airways, we performed double-label immunocytochemistry with antibodies to protein gene groduct (PGP) 9.5, a marker of neuroendocrine cells, and to phospholipase C beta2 (PLC2), a component of the bitter signalling pathway. -Gustducin-immunoreactive cells were present in a subset of PGP-9.5-immunoreactive elements, although not all -gustducin-positive cells expressed PGP 9.5 labelling. In addition, a subset of -gustducin-expressing cells colocalized PLC2. This work thus demonstrates that solitary -gustducin-immunoreactive cells exist throughout the airways and represent a specialized cell type with morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of chemoreceptor cells. 相似文献
3.
E. Heberle-Bors 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1984,68(5):475-479
Summary Tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) of four varieties (Badischer Burley, White Burley, Techne, Kupchunos) were raised at different temperatures and daylengths and the effect of genotype on embryogenic pollen grain formation in situ and on pollen plant formation in anther and pollen cultures from these plants was studied. Genotype controlled embryogenic pollen grain and pollen plant formation by defining productivity under standard growth conditions (long days at 24 °C). Kupchunos was the most productive variety, followed by White Burley, Techne, and Badischer Burley. Furthermore, genotype defined which environmental factor was able to affect embryogenic pollen grain and pollen plant formation and also to which degree. In anther cultures, in addition to these effects, genotype controlled the formation of (an) inhibitory substance(s) in the anther wall in interaction with the plant growth conditions. In Badischer Burley and Techne, inhibitor action could be prevented by isolation of the pollen after one week of anther culture. Finally, direct pollen cultures in Badischer Burley and Techne produced embryos were only when the pollen was isolated from nearly mature anthers, while in White Burley and Kupchunos, embryos also produced at earlier stages and at higher yields. This indicated that genotype controls the time when the embryogenic pollen grains become ready to divide. The results are discussed in relation to strategies to overcome recalcitrance of species and genotypes. 相似文献
4.
The lack of vertical migration in Daphnia: the effect of homogenously distributed food 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Neither Daphnia hyalina, Daphnia cristata, nor Daphnia cucullata vertically migrated in Lake Mikoajskie and Lake Majcz. We suggest that even under strong fish predation pressure there is no reason to migrate when seston is relatively homogenously distributed throughout the water column. 相似文献
5.
J. Romero-Andreas F. A. Bliss 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1985,71(3):478-480
Summary Crude protein extracts from single seeds of nondomesticated Mexican bean accessions were analysed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for variability in phaseolin protein. Six new phaseolin types; M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, which contained polypeptides within the same range of molecular weights (51,000 to 45,000 daltons) as occur in the S, T and C phaseolin types of cultivated beans were identified. No T and C types were found among the non-domesticated Mexican accessions, and the S type occurred in less than 7% of the seeds screened. Genetic analyses of F2 progenies from crosses between Sanilac (S), and five of the M types showed that each M phaseolin phenotype was allelic to the S type and expressed codominantly. 相似文献
6.
G. S. Sidhu G. S. Khush 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1978,53(5):199-203
Summary The inheritance of resistance to brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stol.), of 20 rice cultivars was studied. Single dominant genes that are allelic to Bph 3 condition the resistance in cultivars Ptb 19, Gangala (Acc. 7733), Gangala (Acc. 15207), Horana Mawee, Kuruhondarwala, Mudu Kiriyal and Muthumanikam. Single recessive genes that are allelic to bph 4 govern the resistance in cultivars Gambada Samba, Heenhoranamawee, Hotel Samba, Kahata Samba, Kalukuruwee, Lekam Samba, Senawee, Sulai, Thirissa and Vellai Illankali. The resistance in Ptb 33, Sudu Hondarwala, and Sinna Sivappu is governed by one dominant and one recessive gene which segregate independently of each other. The dominant resistance genes in these cultivars appear allelic to either Bph 1 or Bph 3. Similarly, the recessive genes in these cultivars seem allelic to either bph 2 or bph 4. Further investigations are needed to conclusively determine the allelic relationships of resistance genes in Ptb 33, Sudu Hondarwala and Sinna Sivappu. 相似文献
7.
J. A. Gana G. C. Sharma A. Zipf S. Saha J. Roberts D. M. Wesenberg 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1995,40(3):217-224
Regenerative potential of the calli of nineteen genotypes of Avena sativa, Avena nuda, Avena byzantina and one interspecific hybrid were compared over three successive cultures. Highly significant genotype and genotype × subculture interactions were observed. Among the highest plant regenerable genotypes were Corbit (first subculture); GAF/Park and 88Ab3073 (second subculture); and GAF/Park and 87Ab5932 (third subculture). These genotypes regenerated on an average 10 to 17 plants each from a 200 mg callus mass after a 30 to 45 proliferation period. GAF/Park, a progeny of an interspecific cross, regenerated plants at a significantly higher level (11.85 plants/rep), followed by the similarly performing A. sativa (6.23 plants) and A. nuda (5.06 plants) genotypes, which were significantly higher than the A. byzantina genotypes (2.07 plants). Four genotypes were tested for their adaptability to suspension culture and plant regeneration potential by separating their cells and cell clusters into two sizes: larger and smaller than 3 mm. Larger clusters yielded plants for three genotypes GAF/Park, 88Ab3073, and Tibor. The smaller clusters only regenerated plants for GAF/Park and 88Ab3073. From one gram of callus used to initiate suspensions of GAF/Park and 88Ab3073, 119.9 and 18.8 plants, respectively, were regenerated. The plants regenerated for various genotypes from agar-solidified or suspension culture experiments had normal growth and seed set. This study confirms high and sustained regenerative capabilities of GAF/Park, a restricted genotype due to the weedy Avena fatua genetic background and identifies alternative genotypes, especially 88Ab3073 for future tissue culture and transformation studies. 相似文献
8.
Liana M 《Experimental & applied acarology》2005,35(3):173-181
I investigated the influence of insemination at different life stages on female fitness in the mite Histiostoma feroniarum. In this species, males guard immature females at the tritonymph stage to inseminate them immediately after the last moulting. Four groups of females were studied (1) females inseminated naturally, i.e. mating occurred immediately after guarding, and then the male was removed (IF/0M), (2) naturally inseminated females, where after insemination the male was replaced by two additional males (IF/2M), (3) virgin females reared without males (VF/0M) and (4) mature, virgin females to which two virgin males were added 3 days after last moulting (VF/2DM). The results show that females inseminated naturally (IF/0M) have higher longevity and fecundity than either virgin (VF/0M) or late-inseminated females (VF/2DM). Furthermore, longevity and fecundity of the former (IF/0M) was also greater than that of females naturally inseminated and subsequently exposed to males (IF/2M). One may suggest that seminal fluids have a positive effect on female fitness. When delayed insemination occurs, such positive effect may not be observed due to a change in features of the sperm access system. Harassment may explain decreased longevity and fecundity of females inseminated naturally compared to females that received additional males.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with a corrected cover date. 相似文献
9.
Soil and xylem water potential and soil water content in contrasting Pinus contorta ecosystems,Southeastern Wyoming,USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary The relationships between volumetric soil water content (), in situ soil water potential (soil) and predawn xylem pressure potential (predawn) were quantified in four contrasting lodgepole pine ecosystems in Wyoming, USA. On three of the sites, changes in soil correlated closely with predawn, but on a porous soil derived from coarse granitic parent material, predawn declines occurred much sooner than corresponding declines in soil, possibly because of local depletion of rhizosphere moisture and low molecular diffusivity of water in that soil. Exptrapolation of laboratory-derived characteristic curves for soil moisture to field conditions yielded different relationships between and soil than curves derived from in situ measurements, probably because of disruption of soil structure and porosity during sample collection and handling in laboratory studies. Although a close correlation between and predawn was observed, future efforts at modelling the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum should be directed towards a more detailed understanding of the complex relationships between soil at varying depths and plant water stress. 相似文献
10.
Yakupova E. V. Grinchuk O. V. Kalimullina D. Kh. Bakirov B. A. Galimova R. R. Makarova O. V. Khusnutdinova E. K. Viktorova T. V. 《Molecular Biology》2003,37(3):358-361
The –174G C polymorphism of the interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene promoter and the –308G A polymorphism of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene promoter were tested for association with multiple myeloma (MM) varying in severity. Of 69 patients, 19 had aggressive MM, 26 had benign MM, and 24 had unidentified MM. The control group (N = 102) matched the test group in age and sex composition. The two groups did not significantly differ in allele and genotype frequencies of the IL-6 and TNF genes. Genotype CC, which determines low-level expression of IL-6, occurred at a frequency of 0.35 in patients with low-progressing MM and was absent from patients with aggressive MM. The TNF gene showed no association with predisposition to MM or clinical variant of the disease. As for MM progression, genotype CC of the IL-6 gene was associated with milder clinical signs in patients from Bashkortostan. 相似文献
11.
A. K. Gupta R. G. Saini S. Gupta S. Malhotra 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1984,67(2-3):215-217
Summary Genetic analysis for leaf rust reaction of two widely adapted cultivars, Sonalika and WL 711, has been done using 21 near isogenic Lr lines and rust culture IL004 — avirulent on the two cultivars and all the Lr lines used. The segregation pattern in the F2 generation indicated the presence of a recessive gene in Sonalika and of a dominant gene in WL 711. These genes in cultivars Sonalika and WL 711 have been identified as Lr 11 and Lr 13, respectively. Gene Lr 13 is no longer effective in WL 711 but it continues to give field resistance in the backgrounds of Chris, Prelude and Thatcher. There has been no significant change in the virulence spectrum of the leaf rust pathogen in India with the release of WL 711. High susceptibility of WL 711 seems to be due to the evolution of more aggressive forms of the pathogen to this cultivar. The gene Lr 11, which behaves as a recessive in Sonalika, was effective against leaf rust when this cultivar was released. The high susceptibility of Sonalika is probably due to an increase in the frequency of race 77 virulent on Lr 11. Lr 11 has shown a dominance reversal in the background of Sonalika. Present results suggest that interaction of resistance genes with the background genotype must be studied for their effective use in breeding programme. 相似文献
12.
W. D. Hanson E. C. Johnson 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1981,60(1):55-63
Summary An exotic Zea mays L. population (Tuxpeno) was adapted to North Carolina conditions by first introducing genes for adaptability from two North Carolina varieties ([(Jarvis X Indian Chief)Tuxpeno]Tuxpeno) including four generations of intermating, and then selecting for adaptability using maturity as the primary measure. The study evaluated selection for adaptability and the diversity available between adapted Tuxpeno and the local varieties, Jarvis and Indian Chief. Analytical procedures were developed to quantify the diversity between populations and the complementation of local varieties by introduced germ plasms. The analyses utilized the specific effects available from the diallel mating design.Three replicate selections responded similarly under simple recurrent mass selection (1/10) for the earliest disease-free plants initially and additionally for plant types (primarily height) in the final generation. The 1/4 local germ plasm permitted rapid adaptation of Tuxpeno gene pool to local conditions. The adapted Tuxpeno populations yielded similarly to the local populations with an average heterosis for grain yield of 28% when crossed to the local populations used as source of genes for adaptability. The diversity found between adapted Tuxpeno lines and these local varieties based on genes affecting grain yield was 1.5 to 2.5 times that measured between the local varieties (Jarvis and Indian Chief). Diversity lost through intergradation with local material was a reasonable investment. Yield genes introduced from Tuxpeno complemented local gene pools through nonadditive, primarily dominance-associated, gene effects. Reassortment of major gene blocks apparently occurred leading to significant divergence among replicate selections involving both additive-associated and dominance-associated gene effects.Paper No. 6355 of the North Carolina Agri. Res. Ser., Raleigh, NC. Research supported in collaboration with the Rockefeller Foundation and CIMMYT, D.F. (Mexico) 相似文献
13.
P. K. Gupta G. Fedak 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1986,72(6):816-821
Summary Meiotic pairing in Triticum turgidum cv. Ma (4x) with a mean chiasmata frequency of 27.16 per cell was compared with chiasmata frequencies in its hybrids with several triticale strains, Chinese Spring wheat and its addition lines for Imperial rye chromosomes 4R and 6R. In hybrids between Ma and x Triticosecale cv. Rosner the chiasmata frequency was marginally reduced by an average of 1.25%, by 8.8% in hybrids with x Triticosecale cv. DRIRA HH and by 6.7% with DRIRA EE (lacking 90% telomeric heterochromatin from chromosome arm 7RL). In pentaploid hybrids between Ma and T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring the reduction was an average of 10.30%, while addition lines with rye chromosome 6R reduced chiasmata frequencies by an average of 7.4% and rye addition line for 4R showed the greatest depression in chiasmata frequency in hybrids by a 25.04% reduction. An interchange difference involving long chromosome segments was observed between Ma and Rosner.Contribution No. 819 Ottawa Research Station 相似文献
14.
Decroocq V. Hagen L.S. Favé M.-G. Eyquard J.-P. Pierronnet A. 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2004,13(2):135-142
In a previous study, cDNA microsatellite markers were described in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.). Specific PCR primers were designed to amplify the microsatellite-containing regions from genomic DNA in different Prunus species. In the present work, cDNA microsatellite markers were developed in the hexaploid Prunus domestica L. species and polymorphism was ascertained in a segregating plum population. Co-dominant mendelian segregation of alleles was demonstrated and microsatellite polymorphism displayed up to 6 alleles per SSR locus per individual. Parentage lineage of three full-sib European plum cultivars (cv. Cacanska najbolja, Cacanska rana and Cacanska lepotica) was reconstructed by the analysis of the above nuclear SSR markers, completed by four chloroplastic microsatellite loci. The six most informative nuclear loci enabled discrimination between the three Cacak cultivars and unrelated individuals as well as the previously proposed parents, Wangenheim and Pozegaca. Data obtained support previous evidence that these cultivars originated from the Stanley cultivar. However, SSR analysis finally excluded Wangenheim as the other possible parent. Based on the results obtained with nuclear and chloroplast SSR loci, we propose the origin of those three Cacak cultivars in a cross between Stanley as the mother plant and Ruth gerstetter as the pollinator. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of these apricot SSR markers for genotype fingerprinting of the hexaploid plum cultivars. 相似文献
15.
Eliezer E. Goldschmidt 《Plant Growth Regulation》1984,2(1):9-13
The relationship of abscisic acid (ABA) and 2-trans-abscisic acid (t-ABA) to alternate bearing has been examined in Wilking mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) trees. Leaves, stems and buds of trees loaded with fruit (on trees) had 4.3, 6.0 and 2.2 fold higher ABA levels than the corresponding organs from off trees. Leaves had higher ABA levels than stems and buds in both on and off trees. t-ABA was non-detectable in Wilking leaf, stem and bud tissue. Amounts of t-ABA not exceeding 40% of the ABA content, were found in Shamouti and Valencia orange buds and in Wilking fruit peel.The elevated levels of ABA in on tree organs may reflect a stress imposed by the fruit overload. 相似文献
16.
Wei Tong Wang Fumito Matsuura Hernan Nunez Norman Ledonne Jr. Betty Baltzer Charles C Sweeley 《Glycoconjugate journal》1984,1(1):17-35
Ten previously unreported oligosaccharides have been purified from the urines of human subjects using a combination of gel filtration, ion exchange, and thin-layer chromatographies. Their structures were determined by direct probe mass spectrometry, methylation analysis, and proton NMR spectroscopy of the permethylated oligosaccharide alditols.On the basis of composition, the oligosaccharides could be divided into three groups. Five oligosaccharides containing glycerol were characterized as glucosyl1-1glycerol; glucosyl1-1glycerol; galactosyl1-1glycerol; glucosyl-1-1(fucosyl-1-2)glycerol and/or fucosyl-1-1(glucosyl-1-2)glycerol; and glucosyl-1-1(galactosyl-1-2)glycerol or galactosyl-1-1(glucosyl-1-2)glycerol. Four inositol-containing oligosaccharides were characterized as galactosyl1 (fucosyl1)inositol,N-acetylgalactosaminyl1 (fucosyl1)inositol, fucosyl1-2galactosyl1 (N-acetylgalactosaminyl1)inositol and fucosyl1-2galactosyl1-4-N-acetylglucosaminyl1(N-acetylgalactosaminyl1)inositol. Finally, galactosyl1-3(fucosyl1-2)galactosyl1-6galactosyl1-4(fucosyl1-3)glucose, an oligosaccharide with glucose at its reducing end, was tentatively identified. The significance and possible origins of the carbohydrate structures are discussed. 相似文献
17.
M. K. Banerjee M. K. Kalloo 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1987,73(5):707-710
Summary One hundred and twenty-two varieties, lines and wild accessions of Lycopersicon were screened under three different regimes during the autumn/winter season of 1982–83 and 1983–84 for resistance to tomato leaf curl virus (TLCV). L. hirsutum f. glabratum (B6013) and L. hirsutum f. typicum (A1904) proved to be highly resistant to TLCV in all three environments. Various accessions of L. peruvianum were also highly resistant. L. pimpinellifolium (A1921) exhibited no TLCV symptoms within 90 days. Of the cultivated varieties, Acc 99 exhibited the minimim score for susceptibility; AC 142, Collection No. 2, Kalyanpur Angurlata and HS 101 had a low rating for virus incidence. The inheritance of resistance was studied in the interspecific crosses between a TLCV resistant line of L. pimpinellifolium (A1921) and five (HS 101, HS 102, HS 110, Pusa Ruby and Punjab Chhuhara) susceptible cultivars of L. esculentum. Parents, F1, F2 and backcross progenies were artificially inoculated with local strains of TLCV using vector the viruliferious whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). Data indicated that the resistance of L. pimpinellifolium (A 1921) is monogenic and incompletely dominant over susceptibility. 相似文献
18.
Dr. R. V. Nair T. M. Masajo G. S. Khush 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1982,61(1):19-22
Summary The inheritance of resistance to whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) was studied in 21 rice varieties. Reactions of F1; F2 and F3 progenies of the crosses of 21 resistant varieties with the susceptible variety TN 1 revealed that a single dominant gene governs resistance in Mushkan 41, Santhi, Siahnakidar 195, SM2-34, Tirisurkh 251, Zirijowaian 245, 18, 24A, 39, 76 S, 78, 180, 213 B, 267, 293, CI 6037-4, NP97, S39 JKW and Bansphul. In varieties 65 and 274 A, resistance is governed by one dominant and one recessive gene which segregate independently of each other. Tests for allelism with the Wbph 1 gene originally identified in N 22 revealed that the dominant gene present in all the test varieties is the same as Wbph 1. Further studies are required to determine the allelic relationships of the recessive gene found in varieties 65 and 274 A. 相似文献
19.
Sachio Hayashi Takenobu Yoshiyama Norito Fujii Satoru Shinohara 《Biotechnology letters》2000,22(18):1465-1469
A novel syrup containing neofructo-oligosaccharides was produced from sucrose (Brix 70) by whole cells of Penicillium citrinum. The efficiency of fructo-oligosaccharides production was more than 55% and those of the main carbohydrate components, 1-kestose (Fruf 21Fruf 21 Glc), nystose (Fruf 21Fruf 21 Fruf 21 Glc) and neokestose (Fruf 26 Glc12 Fruf), were 22, 14 and 11%, respectively. 相似文献
20.
E. C. Roumen 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1994,89(4):498-503
The inheritance of host plant resistance and its effect on the relative infection efficiency for leaf blast was studied in the crosses IR36/CO39 (partially resistant × highly susceptible) and IR36/IR64 (both partially resistant). On the natural scale, gene action appeared multiplicative. After log transformation, additive effects described most of the genetic variation in the cross IR36/CO39, while additive and dominance effects were about equal in magnitude in the cross IR36/IR64. Dominance was towards increased resistance. No transgressive segregation occurred in the cross IR36/CO39. The number of genes that reduce lesion number was estimated to be zero in CO39 and five or more in IR36. The cross IR36/IR64 showed transgressive segregation in both directions, and IR36 and IR64 each contain at least one gene that is not present in the other cultivar. The heritabilities (narrow sense) in the F2 were low (range 0.06–0.16), while narrow sense heritabilities based on F3 lines were much higher (range 0.41–0.68). Lesion numbers in F3 lines were reasonably correlated with those in F5 progenies derived from the same F2 plant (r was±0.6 in both crosses). Partial resistance can be effectively improved by selecting the most resistant plants from the most resistant F3 lines. 相似文献