葡萄园生态系统碳源/汇及碳减排策略研究进展

葡萄园生态系统是农业生态系统的重要组成部分, 集中连片栽培的葡萄园具有重要的生态价值。开展葡萄园生态系统碳源/汇的研究, 是完整探讨葡萄园生态系统碳循环必不可少的内容。随着葡萄生态学研究的进一步深入, 如何直观地揭示葡萄园生态系统碳循环规律和碳汇功能已经成为葡萄生态学领域关注的热点问题。研究发现, 葡萄园生态系统固定大量碳, 将碳封存在葡萄果实等一年生器官、主干等多年生器官以及土壤碳库中。葡萄园生态系统碳输入量大于碳输出量, 是碳汇; 土壤是葡萄园生态系统最大的碳库, 占总碳储量的70%, 尤其是土藤界面; 覆盖和免耕作为葡萄园的碳减排策略, 可以减少碳排放, 提高葡萄园土壤肥力。基于此, 为了阐明葡萄园生态系统的碳汇价值, 该文围绕葡萄生态学最新研究进展, 系统回顾了葡萄园生态系统中碳循环规律、碳汇研究进展及碳减排策略, 为葡萄生态学的研究提供理论基础, 并对本领域未来的研究方向和应用前景进行展望。     

Carbon budgets of wetland ecosystems in China

Wetlands contain a large proportion of carbon (C) in the biosphere and partly affect climate by regulating C cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. China contains Asia's largest wetlands, accounting for about 10% of the global wetland area. Although previous studies attempted to estimate C budget in China's wetlands, uncertainties remain. We conducted a synthesis to estimate C uptake and emission of wetland ecosystems in China using a dataset compiled from published literature. The dataset comprised 193 studies, including 370 sites representing coastal, river, lake and marsh wetlands across China. In addition, C stocks of different wetlands in China were estimated using unbiased data from the China Second Wetlands Survey. The results showed that China's wetlands sequestered 16.87 Pg C (315.76 Mg C/ha), accounting for about 3.8% of C stocks in global wetlands. Net ecosystem productivity, jointly determined by gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration, exhibited annual C sequestration of 120.23 Tg C. China's wetlands had a total gaseous C loss of 173.20 Tg C per year from soils, including 154.26 Tg CO₂‐C and 18.94 Tg CH₄‐C emissions. Moreover, C stocks, uptakes and gaseous losses varied with wetland types, and were affected by geographic location and climatic factors (precipitation and temperature). Our results provide better estimation of the C budget in China's wetlands and improve understanding of their contribution to the global C cycle in the context of global climate change.     

广州市十种森林生态系统的碳循环

为了探讨南亚热带森林生态系统碳循环的规律,在广泛收集资料和试验数据的基础上,对广州10种森林生态系统的碳循环进行研究.结果表明：10种森林生态系统的碳密度在108.35～151.85 t C·hm^-2,其中乔木层碳密度在10.85～48.86 t C·hm^-2,0～60 cm土壤层在87.74～99.01 t C·hm^-2,均低于全国平均水平;从大气流向植被层的碳流量为4.41～9.15 t C·hm^-2·a^-1,植被层流向土壤层的碳流量为0.74～2.06 t C·hm^-2·a^-1,土壤层流向大气层的碳流量为3.94～5.42 t C·hm^-2·a^-1,即系统从大气净吸收碳在0.47～4.97 t C·hm^-2·a^-1之间.各种林分的净系统生产力不同,阔叶林大于针叶林,混交林大于纯林,天然次生林大于人工林.     

Density of organic carbon in soil at coniferous forest sites in southern Finland

More detailed knowledge of the density of organic carbon in soils of boreal forests is needed for accurate estimates of the size of this C stock. We investigated the effect of vegetation type and associated site fertility on the C density at 30 mature coniferous forest sites in southern Finland and evaluated the importance of deep layers to the total C store in the soil by extending the sampling at eight of the sites to the depth of ground water level (2.4–4.6 m). The C density in the organic horizon plus 1 m thick mineral soil layer ranged from 4.0 kg/m² to 11.9 kg/m², and, on the average, increased towards the more productive vegetation types. Between the depth of 1 m and the ground water level the C density averaged 1.3–2.4 kg/m² at the studied vegetation types and these layers represented 18–28% of the total stock of C in the soil. The results emphasize the importance of also considering these deep layers to correctly estimate the total amount of C in these soils. At the least fertile sites the soil contained about 30% more C than phytomass, whereas at the more fertile sites the amount of C in soil was about 10% less than the amount bound in vegetation.     

Impact of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Carbon Dynamics in Two Scots Pine Forest Soils of Northern Germany

The impact of atmospheric N deposition on the dynamics of various carbon fractions was investigated in two Scots pine forest soils (cambisol, podzol) of Northern Germany in microcosm experiments. Total organic carbon (TOC), CO₂ emission, microbial carbon (C_mic) as well as organic hot- and coldwater extractable carbon fractions (C_hwe, C_cwe) were analyzed before, during, and after soil incubation in microcosms, run in three treatments: 0, +45, and +90 kg N ha⁻¹a⁻¹. On both sites, the N treatment showed no response to total organic carbon (TOC) contents in most of the investigated soil layers. Microbial carbon (C_mic) was significantly increased in the organic layer of both soil types by the N application. Subsequent to the N application, the CO₂ emission increased in all mineral soil layers of the cambisol but remained almost unaffected in the podzol. After the N application, a remarkable increase of hotwater extractable C (C_hwe) was detected for the organic layer of the cambisol but not for the podzol, whereas coldwater extractable C (C_cwe) concentrations decreased at both sites. The N application did not have a significant impact on the leachate concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) in the podzol, whereas the concentrations of these C fractions were decreased in the organic layer and the 35–70~cm mineral soil layer of the cambisol. The N treatment changed the contents of most of the investigated C fractions in both soil types and resulted in a considerable C~mobilization. But the processes of the C~mobilization between the cambisol and the podzol were completely different. According to the presented data, the cambisol obtaining moderate atmospheric N loads is much more sensitive to additional N inputs than the podzol that already received high amounts of atmospheric N.     

西藏森林植被乔木层碳储量与碳密度估算

利用第八次森林资源连续清查数据和不同树种的树干密度、含碳率等参数,运用生物量清单法,估算了西藏自治区森林乔木层植被碳储量和碳密度.结果表明: 西藏森林生态系统乔木层植被总碳储量为1.067×10⁹ t,平均碳密度为72.49 t·hm^-2.不同林分乔木层碳储量依次为:乔木林>散生木>疏林>四旁树.不同林种乔木层碳储量大小依次为:防护林>特殊用途林>用材林>薪炭林,其中前两者所占比例为88.5%;不同林种乔木层平均碳密度为88.09 t·hm^-2.不同林组乔木层碳储量与其分布面积排序一致,依次为:成熟林>过熟林>近熟林>中龄林>幼龄林.其中,成熟林乔木层碳储量占不同林组乔木层总碳储量的50%,并且不同林组乔木层碳储量随着林龄的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势.     

鼎湖山森林土壤活性碳及惰性碳沿海拔梯度的变化

对鼎湖山3个不同海拔高度下的沟谷雨林(LA)、低地常绿阔叶林(MA)和山地常绿阔叶林(UA)的土壤活性碳库和惰性碳库进行了研究。结果表明:(1)土壤总碳库仅在30—45 cm土层中存在显著差异且碳库大小随着海拔的增加而增加。(2)土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)碳库在0—15 cm是LA和MA显著大于UA,在30—45 cm是MA和UA显著高于LA,在45—60 cm土层中MA最大。水溶性碳(WSOC)和颗粒碳(POC)碳库均不随海拔高度而改变。WSOC碳库占总碳库的百分比仅在30—45cm土层中存在差异且大小顺序为:LAUAMA,POC碳库占总碳库的百分比仅在土层15—30 cm上存在显著差异且MA比值最大。易氧化性碳(ROC)碳库及占总碳库百分比都是在表层土壤(0—15 cm)中产生显著变化,且UA极显著地大于LA和MA。(3)惰性碳(RC)碳库仅在深层土壤中存在显著差异且MA中RC碳库最大,UA次之,LA最小。RC碳库占总碳库比值仅在表层土壤0—15 cm存在显著差异且UA最大。表层土壤中ROC碳库和RC碳库占总碳库百分比的增加是导致中高海拔森林土壤总碳库最大的主要原因。(4)不同海拔高度上森林土壤理化性质与土壤碳库组成存在显著相关,土壤理化性质的改变是引起不同海拔高度森林土壤碳库组成变化的重要原因。     

Isotopically anomalous organic carbon in the aftermath of the Marinoan snowball Earth

Throughout most of the sedimentary record, the marine carbon cycle is interpreted as being in isotopic steady state. This is most commonly inferred via isotopic reconstructions, where two export fluxes (organic carbon and carbonate) are offset by a constant isotopic fractionation of ~25 (termed ). Sedimentary deposits immediately overlying the Marinoan snowball Earth diamictites, however, stray from this prediction. In stratigraphic sections from the Ol Formation (Mongolia) and Sheepbed Formation (Canada), we observe a temporary excursion where the organic matter has anomalously heavy C and is grossly decoupled from the carbonate C. This signal may reflect the unique biogeochemical conditions that persisted in the aftermath of snowball Earth. For example, physical oceanographic modeling suggests that a strong density gradient caused the ocean to remain stratified for about 50,000 years after termination of the Marinoan snowball event, during which time the surface ocean and continental weathering consumed the large atmospheric CO₂ reservoir. Further, we now better understand how C records of carbonate can be post‐depostionally altered and thus be misleading. In an attempt to explain the observed carbon isotope record, we developed a model that tracks the fluxes and isotopic values of carbon between the surface ocean, deep ocean, and atmosphere. By comparing the model output to the sedimentary data, stratification alone cannot generate the anomalous observed isotopic signal. Reproducing the heavy C in organic matter requires the progressively diminishing contribution of an additional anomalous source of organic matter. The exact source of this organic matter is unclear.     

云南省农田生态系统碳足迹时空变化及其影响因素

农田碳足迹研究对农田生态系统管理与农业可持续发展具有重要意义,也可表征农田扩展的生态影响程度。利用县域尺度统计数据与空间分析,对云南省农田生态系统近30年的碳足迹的时空演变进行研究。结果表明:1985—2015年期间,云南省农田生态系统碳排放年均增幅为13.9%,化肥施用引起的碳排放贡献率最大,为56%,2015年的化肥单位面积碳排放达到331.6kg/hm2。云南省农田生态系统碳吸收年均增幅为3.04%,稻谷的碳吸收比例最大,为41%,然而,玉米的碳吸收的增幅最大,为8.76%。云南省农田生态系统存在碳生态盈余,且碳足迹总体呈现增长趋势,年均增长率为16.8%,单位面积碳足迹随年份增加不断增长。从空间上看,云南省农田生态系统碳排放、碳吸收在空间上均呈东南高、西北低的分布格局,而碳足迹在空间上呈现东西部高、中部低的分布格局,三者的空间差异和变化幅度差异都较大。     

秦岭山地碳中和空间服务范围及其模拟预测

在当前碳中和背景下,秦岭山地碳中和的量化及其空间服务范围的测算对于碳中和合理规划和快速实现具有重要意义。采用IUEMS （Intelligent Urban Ecosystem Management System）系统对秦岭山地的固碳量进行核算,利用DMSP/OLS （Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System）和NPP-VIIRS （Net Primary Productivity-Visible infrared Imaging Radiometer）夜间灯光数据和各地市的能源消耗数据通过模型拟合对秦岭山地碳排放量进行空间量化,基于固碳量和碳排放量得到秦岭山地空间碳中和量。利用PLUS （Patch-generating Land Use Simulation Model）模型模拟了2030和2050年的碳中和空间分布,结合常见气体扩散系数计算得到常温常压下秦岭山地碳中和对周边区域的服务范围。结果表明：2000-2020年秦岭山地固碳量呈现上升的趋势,大部分区域不同时间尺度上的固碳速率呈正向趋势,空间上秦岭山地中西部区域固碳量整体较大;对秦岭固碳量影响较大的地形特征为海拔1200m左右、斜坡、半阳坡和半阴坡;研究区内碳排放量空间上整体较低,碳排放低值区面积占到了秦岭总面积的90%,碳排放较大区域主要位于秦岭北坡的城区区域,时间上碳排放量最大值为先增加后减少的变化趋势;2000-2050年秦岭山地碳汇服务范围为174-262.63km,服务范围在空间上呈逐渐扩大趋势,2030年后其扩大程度将略有减少。     

城市土壤碳循环与碳固持研究综述

城市化过程带来的土地利用变化和环境污染是全球变化的重要方面,城市为人们了解人类与自然复合生态系统对全球变化的影响及其对全球变化的响应过程提供一个独特的"天然实验室"。陆地生态系统碳循环是全球变化研究的热点领域之一,然而,人们对城市在全球碳循环中的作用和影响知之甚少,城市土壤碳循环研究处于起步阶段。介绍了城市土壤的主要特性和碳循环特征,指出强烈的人为作用是其最突出的特点;综述了城市土壤碳库、碳通量和碳固持研究方面取得的进展;探讨了城市化过程中土地利用变化、土壤中生物及土壤管护措施、城市小气候、大气污染沉降和土壤污染等对土壤碳循环的影响;提出未来城市碳循环研究需要开展长期系统监测、深化城市土壤碳循环机制研究、创新研究范式和研究方法、并将研究成果与城市景观规划与设计相结合,提升城市土壤碳管理能力。     

小兴安岭4种典型阔叶红松林土壤有机碳分解特性

土壤有机碳分解是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分.主要采用土壤有机碳释放速率的室内培养实验的方法,并根据三库一级动力学模型,对小兴安岭地区4种典型阔叶红松林的土壤有机碳分解特征及各组分含量进行研究.实验结果如下:(1)土壤有机碳的分解趋势表现为前期迅速,后期缓慢,并且土壤腐殖质层(A)大于淀积层(B);在4种阔叶红松林中,云冷杉红松林土壤有机碳的分解速率最大,枫桦红松林最小;土壤有机碳的分解速率与土壤总有机碳、活性碳及土壤的C/N呈显著的正相关关系(P＜0.05).(2)在土壤A层和B层,4种阔叶红松林的活性碳分别占总有机碳的0.89％-1.78％和1.91％-2.87％,平均驻留时间为12-35 d和27-58 d.缓效性碳占总有机碳的22.58％-28.44％和23.87％-42.63％,平均驻留时间为4-19 a和18-37 a.惰性碳占总有机碳的69.98％-76.24％和54.50％-74.22％,平均驻留时间为173 a;土壤有机碳各组分含量及驻留时间的大小顺序均为:云冷杉红松林＞椴树红松林＞枫桦红松林＞蒙古栎红松林.     

南亚热带不同林龄红锥人工林碳贮量与碳固定特征

采用乡土珍贵阔叶树种改造大面积针叶人工纯林已经成为我国亚热带地区人工林近自然化经营的有效模式.采用样地调查与生物量实测方法,研究了我国南亚热带广西3个不同林龄红锥人工林(10、20和27年生)的不同器官、凋落物层和土壤层的碳含量,以及不同林龄红锥人工林的乔木层、凋落物层和土壤层碳贮量及其分配特征.结果表明:红锥不同器官碳含量为49.7％～57.9％;凋落物层碳含量为40.8％ ～ 50.5％,而且未分解层＞半分解层;土壤层(0～60 cm)碳含量随林龄增加而增大,随土层深度的增加而下降.10、20和27年生红锥人工林碳贮量分别为182.42、234.75和269.75 t·hm-2,其中,乔木层分别占19.8％、32.0％和32.8％,凋落物层分别占1.5％、1.6％和1.3％,土壤层分别占78.7％、66.4％和65.9％.3个红锥人工林的年净固碳量分别为4.70、5.64和5.18 t· hm-2.红锥具有较高的固碳能力,是发展多目标森林经营模式的理想树种.     

城市森林碳汇及其抵消能源碳排放效果——以广州为例

城市森林及其管理相关政策作为减少CO₂排放的有效策略得到了较为广泛的关注。采用材积源生物量方程与净初级生产力方法来定量分析了广州市城市森林碳储量和碳固定量,根据化石能源使用量及其碳排放因子核算了广州城市能源碳排放,最后评估了城市森林碳抵消效果。结果显示广州市城市森林碳储量为654.42×10⁴t,平均碳密度为28.81 t/hm²,而森林碳固定量为658732 t/a,平均固碳率为2.90 t·hm^-2·a^-1。2005-2010年广州市年均能源碳排放则达到2907.41×10⁴t。广州城市森林碳储量约为城市年均能源碳排放的22.51%,其通过碳固定年均能够抵消年均碳排放的2.27%,不过从城市森林综合效益来看其仍是城市低碳发展重要举措之一。分析了林型组成和林龄结构对于广州森林碳储量和碳固定量的影响,并从森林管理角度为城市森林碳汇提升提出建议。这些结果和讨论有助于评估城市森林碳汇在抵消碳排放中所起的效果。     

Land use induced changes of organic carbon storage in soils of China

Using the data compiled from China's second national soil survey and an improved method of soil carbon bulk density, we have estimated the changes of soil organic carbon due to land use, and compared the spatial distribution and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) in cultivated soils and noncultivated soils in China. The results reveal that ～ 57% of the cultivated soil subgroups ( ～ 31% of the total soil surface) have experienced a significant carbon loss, ranging from 40% to 10% relative to their noncultivated counterparts. The most significant carbon loss is observed for the non‐irrigated soils (dry farmland) within a semiarid/semihumid belt from northeastern to southwestern China, with the maximum loss occurring in northeast China. On the contrary, SOC has increased in the paddy and irrigated soils in northwest China. No significant change is observed for forest soils in southern China, grassland and desert soils in northwest China, as well as irrigated soils in eastern China. The SOC storage and density under noncultivated conditions in China are estimated to ～ 77.4 Pg (10¹⁵ g) and ～ 8.8 kg C m^?2, respectively, compared to a SOC storage of ～ 70.3 Pg and an average SOC density of ～ 8.0 kg C m^?2 under the present‐day conditions. This suggests a loss of ～ 7.1 Pg SOC and a decrease of ～ 0.8 kg C m^?2 SOC density due to increasing human activities, in which the loss in organic horizons has contributed to ～ 77%. This total loss of SOC in China induced by land use represents ～ 9.5% of the world's SOC decrease. This amount is equivalent to ～ 3.5 ppmv of the atmospheric CO₂ increase. Since ～ 78% of the currently cultivated soils in China have been degraded to a low/medium productivities and are responsible for most of the SOC loss, an improved land management, such as the development of irrigated and paddy land uses, would have a considerable potential in restoring the SOC storage. Assuming a restoration of ～ 50% of the lost SOC during the next 20–50 years, the soils in China would absorb ～ 3.5 Pg of carbon from the atmosphere.     

土壤溶解性有机碳在陆地生态系统碳循环中的作用

土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)是有机碳库的活跃组分,在陆地生态系统碳循环中发挥重要作用.本文从碳循环重要性着手,综述了土壤DOC在土壤碳固持与温室气体排放中的作用;结合我国的现实情况(如土壤酸化、气候变暖等),探讨了土壤DOC的相关影响因素如土壤性质、环境因素、人为活动对土壤DOC的影响及作用机制,对进一步理解土壤DOC在陆地生态系统碳循环与温室气体减排中的作用具有重要意义.     

四川长宁毛竹林碳储量与碳汇能力估测

利用生物量法研究了四川长宁毛竹林(Phyllostachys edulis)碳密度、碳储量及其空间分配格局,并对毛竹林碳汇能力进行了估算。结果表明:(1)毛竹立竹各器官的平均含碳率波动范围为462.37—480.68 g/kg,不同龄级毛竹各器官含碳率差异不显著。土壤有机碳含量为15.77 g/kg,不同土层差异极显著;(2)毛竹立竹碳储量为40.92 t/hm2,其中竹竿碳储量所占比例为51.49%,竹杆、竹枝、竹叶地上部分碳储量为26.76 t/hm2,占立竹碳储量的65.39%,地上碳储量为地下碳储量的1.89倍;(3)毛竹林总碳储量为156.57 t/hm2,其中土壤是其最大的碳库,为113.54 t/hm2,占总碳储量的72.52%,立竹碳储量所占比例为26.14%,林下植被碳库最小,为0.52 t/hm2,只占总碳储量的0.33%,可忽略不计;(4)毛竹林年生产量为20.28 t/hm2,年固碳量为9.43 t/hm2,相当于每年固定CO2量34.57 t/hm2,固碳能力较强。     

Drivers of postfire soil organic carbon accumulation in the boreal forest

The accumulation of soil carbon (C) is regulated by a complex interplay between abiotic and biotic factors. Our study aimed to identify the main drivers of soil C accumulation in the boreal forest of eastern North America. Ecosystem C pools were measured in 72 sites of fire origin that burned 2–314 years ago over a vast region with a range of ? mean annual temperature of 3°C and one of ? 500 mm total precipitation. We used a set of multivariate a priori causal hypotheses to test the influence of time since fire (TSF), climate, soil physico‐chemistry and bryophyte dominance on forest soil organic C accumulation. Integrating the direct and indirect effects among abiotic and biotic variables explained as much as 50% of the full model variability. The main direct drivers of soil C stocks were: TSF >bryophyte dominance of the FH layer and metal oxide content >pH of the mineral soil. Only climate parameters related to water availability contributed significantly to explaining soil C stock variation. Importantly, climate was found to affect FH layer and mineral soil C stocks indirectly through its effects on bryophyte dominance and organo‐metal complexation, respectively. Soil texture had no influence on soil C stocks. Soil C stocks increased both in the FH layer and mineral soil with TSF and this effect was linked to a decrease in pH with TSF in mineral soil. TSF thus appears to be an important factor of soil development and of C sequestration in mineral soil through its influence on soil chemistry. Overall, this work highlights that integrating the complex interplay between the main drivers of soil C stocks into mechanistic models of C dynamics could improve our ability to assess C stocks and better anticipate the response of the boreal forest to global change.     

鼎湖山自然保护区土壤有机碳贮量和分配特征

基于61个土壤剖面的数据,分析了鼎湖山自然保护区4种自然植被类型(沟谷雨林、季风常绿阔叶林、山地常绿阔叶林和山地灌木草丛)和4种次生植被类型(马尾松针叶林、针阔混交林、次生季风常绿阔叶林和常绿灌丛)的土壤有机碳贮量及其分配特征.结果如下(1)各植被类型土壤有机碳含量随深度增加而减少,但植被类型不同其减少程度不同.除 >40cm土层外,自然植被类型的土壤有机碳含量明显高于次生植被类型.(2)土壤碳密度和土壤有机碳含量一样随深度增加而减少.两大植被类型间比较,除山地灌木草丛 >40cm土层外,自然植被类型各个土层土壤碳密度都高于所有的次生植被类型对应的碳密度.对于整个土层而言,各植被类型土壤碳密度在30.9～127.9 t/hm2间,总平均为73.9 t/hm2.(3)各植被类型的土壤厚度平均为36.7～73.3cm,总平均为56.4cm.除了山地常绿阔叶林外,土壤厚度基本上沿海拔高度增加而减少.(4)保护区各植被类型总面积为1028.4 hm2,土壤总碳贮量为72287.0 t,其中0～10、10～20、20～40cm和 >40cm四个土层分别占32.0%、20.6%、25.8%和21.6%.自然植被土壤碳贮量在表层(0～20cm)的比重比次生植被的高.所有的植被类型中,混交林碳贮量贡献最大,季风常绿阔叶林次之.自然植被类型土壤在碳贮存方面发挥积极的作用.(5)通过比较,鼎湖山保护区土壤碳密度整体较低,表层土壤碳贮量贡献较大.分析表明人为干扰是制约土壤碳贮存量大小的重要因素.     

不同退耕年限对菜子湖湿地表土有机碳组分与质量的影响

退耕还湿后土壤有机碳不同组分变化和有机碳质量的评价是退耕湿地生态恢复研究的重要内容。对安徽菜子湖湿地不同退耕年限(2、5、8、10和20a)的湿地土壤总有机碳(TOC)、颗粒态有机碳(POC)和矿物结合态有机碳(MOC)的含量与有机碳质量进行了研究。结果表明,随着退耕年限增加,土壤TOC、POC、MOC含量均有显著增加,且退耕后土壤有机碳增加过程中,以POC为代表的活性有机碳优先恢复,而以MOC为代表的稳定有机碳恢复相对滞后。随着退耕年限增加,POC/MOC、TOC和POC的层化比(SR)增加,反映有机碳的活性明显提高。退耕期间所增加的有机碳在组成上以易降解的POC为主,在分布上以易降解的表层有机碳居多,因此有机碳库的稳定性并未明显提高。通过计算碳库管理指数(CPMI),发现土壤质量随着退耕年数增加而提高,根据CPMI变化趋势线,土壤质量大约需要13a才能恢复到对照水平;退耕湿地生态恢复过程中,有机碳数量(碳库指数CPI)恢复较快,而有机碳质量(碳库活度指数AI)恢复需要较长的时间,二者分别需7.6和22.7a恢复到对照水平。