ON THE EVOLUTION OF MEGACERINES

<正> The megacerine deer (the tribe Megacerini of the subfamily Cervinae) is a rather ancient extinct group, known from the end of the Miocene, The tribe comprises 8 genera: Megaceros Owen, 1844, Sinomegaceros Dietrich, 1933, Praemegaceros Portis, 1920, Praedama Portis, 1920, Arvernoceros Heintz, 1970, Neomegaloceros Korotkevitch, 1971, Orchonoceros Vislobokova, 1979 and Praesinomegaceros Vislobokova, 1983. The Pleistocene history of megacerines is much studied regarding the evolutionary stage of these deer. Almost all students recognize the existence of two branches of megacerines in the Pleistocene of Europe: one of these connected with Megaceros giganteus (Blumenbach, 1803) and the other with Praemegaceros verticornis (Dawkins, 1872), although the estimations of the systematic range of these cervids are different (Azzaroli,     

STUDIES ON THE CHINESE MNIACEAE

This work is a preliminary study on the Chinese species of the familyMniaceae,there are about 12 genera and more than 100 species of this familyhave thus far been discovered in the world.This family is a representativeplant group of the Temperate Zones of the Northern Hemisphere.It is mostwidely distributed in the Eastern Asia,especially in China.     

ON THE FRESHWATER COPEPODS OF YUNNAN PROVINCE

The freshwater copepod-fauna of Yunnan Province is heretofore imperfectly known,although it had previously been reported by several authors, such as Brehm (1921, 1923,1930, 1931) from the Erh Hai Lake, Ta-li; Chappuis (1936) from Yungning; Tchangand Ⅰ (1945) from the Kunming Lake; Hsiao (1950) from the Erh-Hai Lake, Ta-li, andthe present authors (1964) from Hsi-Song-Pang-Na, Tai Autonomous County, SouthernYunnan, amounting in all not more than 26 species from the various localities mentionedabove. Recently, colleagues of the Institute of Hydrobiology have kindly put at our dis-posal three lots of zooplankton samples, which were collected during July—September,     

ON THE FIRST DISCOVERY OF CAPITOSAURID FROM SINKIANG

During the field expedition to Sinkiang of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontologyand Paleoanthropology some fragments of capitosaurid have been collected from Taoshu-yuantze,Turfan,Sinkiang.In spite of their fragmentary state of preservation they displaysome interesting characteristics which are capable for determination.All the fourpieces were found near by and belong most probably to the same individual.This is ac-     

ON THE LARVAE OF THE CHINESE SPECIES OF THE SUBFAMILY CHRYSOMYINAE(DIPT.CALLIPHORIDAE)

In this paper, the author described the larvae of Chinese Chrysomyine flies. All larval specimens of the seven species studied in this paper were reared in the laboratory. The 7 species of Chrysomyinae are as follows: Chrysomya megacephala (Fab., 1794). Fig.1. Ch. pinguis (Wlk., 1858). Ch. bezziana Vill., 1914, Fig.2. Ch. defixa (Wlk., 1857), Fig.3. Achaetandrus rufifacies (Macq., 1842). Fig. 4a.b. Ach. villeneuvii (Patton. 1922). Fig. 4b. (right 5, 8.) Ceylonomyia nigripes (Aubt., 1932). Fig. 5. The larvae of following species are described for the first time.     

ON THE LARVAE OF THE CHINESE SPECIES OF THE TRIBE LUCILIINI (DIPT.CALLIPHORIDAE)

The present paper deals with the larvae of 10 species of Luciliini from China. The 10 species of Luciliini are as follows: Hypopygiopais infumata (Bigot, 1877), Fig. 1. Hemipyrellia ligurriens (Wied., 1830), Fig. 2. Lucilia sericata (Meig., 1826), Fig. 3. L. cuprina (Wied., 1830), Fig. 4. L. illustris (Meig., 1826), Fig. 5. L. caesar (L., 1758), Fig. 6. L. porphyrina (Walk., 1857), Fig. 7. L. ampullacea laoshanensis Quo, 1952, Fig. 8.     

SHAPING THE IMMIGRATION DEBATE: CONTENDING CIVIL SOCIETIES ON THE US–MEXICO BORDER

This article explores the cultural politics of memory and the reconfiguration of commemorative landscapes as one of the principal arenas within which the interiority and exteriority of place and identity are being re-narrated, contested, and re-enacted by actors and institutions representing a wide range of scalar stances. We treat place and identity as mutually constituted, dynamically interactive discursive and practical categories of becoming, and identify borderlands as multiscalar sites of imminence, where the interiority and exteriority of place and identity are re-narrated and re-enacted. Using a multiscalar network approach, we focus on the actors engaged in the cultural politics of memory in the southern Russian-Estonian borderlands. We conclude that borderlands are central multiscalar nodes where power, place and identity intersect, where the interior and exterior not only of Setomaa and Seto-ness, but also of Estonia and Estonian-ness, Russia and Russian-ness, and Europe and European-ness are reconfigured.     

STUDIES ON THE TAXONOMY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE CHINESE ORETINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: DREPANIDAE)

A total of 3 genera and 26 species of the Chinese Oretinae are represented in this paper; among them 13 species are described as new to science. All the type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology. An account of the geographic distribution is given in accompanying with a distribution map. From the distribution of 23 species,of Oreta, the richest areas are ap-     

THE DINOSAUR PROJECT——AN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE PROGRAM ON DINOSAURS

<正> The dinosaurs of China are among the most exciting in the world. An appreciation of the anatomy of Chinese dinosaurs has become a central element in modern studies of dinosauriah evolution (Russell 1987), and the world's palaeontologists have paid a great deal of attention to China because of her abundant dinosaur resources. The Dinosaur Project, originally called the Canada-China Dinosaur Project (CCDP), was organized in 1985. In that year, the Ex Terra Foundation, Alberta, signed an agreement establishing the project with three core partners: The Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology in Drumheller, The Natiolaal Mu-     

NOTE ON THE EXCITATION AND INHIBITION OF LUMINESCENCE IN BER?

1. The ions of Ca and K condition general luminescence, and are therefore necessary to the conduction of the impulse. 2. In van''t Hoff''s solution from which Mg is omitted, Berœ shows hyperirritability with respect to luminescence. This is the result of the action of Ca and K ions unantagonized by Mg. 3. The luminescent material spread on filter paper does not show luminescence in sea water, NaCl, MgCl₂, or saccharose solutions isotonic with sea water. In solutions of CaCl₂, SrCl₂, BaCl₂, KCl, and K₂SO₄ the indicator paper glows with a bright luminescence. 4. In dark adapted Berœ, luminescence is inhibited by a certain quantity of light. This quantity has an average value of 57,285 meter-candle-minutes, which is twelve times the value given by Mnemiopsis.     

DOES THE ABUNDANCE OF HOVERFLY (SYRPHIDAE) MIMICS DEPEND ON THE NUMBERS OF THEIR HYMENOPTERAN MODELS?

We tested the prediction that, if hoverflies are Batesian mimics, this may extend to behavioral mimicry such that their numerical abundance at each hour of the day (the daily activity pattern) is related to the numbers of their hymenopteran models. After accounting for site, season, microclimatic responses, and general hoverfly abundance at three sites in northwestern England, the residual numbers of mimics were significantly correlated positively with their models nine times of 17. Sixteen of 17 relationships were positive, itself a highly significant nonrandom pattern. Several eristaline flies showed significant relationships with honeybees even though some of them mimic wasps or bumblebees, perhaps reflecting an ancestral resemblance to honeybees. There was no evidence that good and poor mimics differed in their daily activity pattern relationships with models. However, the common mimics showed significant activity pattern relationships with their models, whereas the rarer mimics did not. We conclude that many hoverflies show behavioral mimicry of their hymenopteran models.     

REPORT ON THE CAPE BIRD CLUB VLEI COUNTS, 1952–58

Meyburg, B.-U., Mendelsohn, J. M., Ellis, D. H., Smith, D.G., Meyburg, C. &; Kemp, A.C. 1995. Year-round movements of a Wahlberg's Eagle Aquila wahlbergi tracked by satellite. Ostrich 66: 135–140.

An adult female Wahlberg's Eagle from northern Namibia was tracked by satellite over a total distance of 8816 km and located 104 times between 11 February and 4 November 1994. It migrated on an almost due north heading to northern Cameroon, north-eastern Nigeria and western Chad through the rain forest belt of the Congo and Zaire after the breeding season. The total trans-equatorial distance between the breeding and non-breeding ranges was 3520 km. During the non-breeding season the bird ranged over a large area (ca. 60 000 km') for about six weeks (29 April – 14 June) in these three countries in a rather nomadic pattern covering a minimum distance of 1256 km. During two further months (14 June – 14 August) it restricted its movements to an area of about 5000 km² near Maiduguri in the Sudan savannah of north-eastern Nigeria. The return migration took about two weeks longer than that to the north, which took about a month.     

THE TOXICITY OF TWO NEWLY-SYNTHESIZED COMPOUNDS ON SCENEDESMUS OBLIQUUS KǖTZ

With the development of modern agriculture,envi-ronmental contamination by a variety of organic toxicagents has been detected in many freshwater systems.These include herbicides,insecticides,surfactants andother organic compounds,which have,been reported byStratton[1]and many other authors to affect boththeir tar-get and non-target organisms whenever dischargedintotheenvironment,thus impairing heavily on the structure andfunction of ecosystems.Therefore,it is necessary to de-velop pesticides w…     

A REVIEW ON THE STUDY OF EARLY CRETACEOUS ANGIOSPERM POLLEN IN CHINA

The origin and early evolution of angiosperms is one of the most important topics in the field of botany. During the recent twenty years, the theory on Pre-Cretaceous origin of angiosperms was criticized by Scott et al. (1960),Hughes (1976) and others. Palynological data show that the monosulcate pollen possibly bearing an affinity to angiosperms such as Clavatipollenites first appeared from     

NOTHING BUT THE TRUTH? ON TRUTH AND DECEPTION IN DEMENTIA CARE

Lies and deception are often used in the care for demented elderly and often with the best intentions. However, there is a strong moral presumption against all forms of lying and deceiving. The goal of this article is to examine and evaluate concrete examples of deception and lies in dementia care, while addressing some fundamental issues in the process. It is argued that because dementia slowly diminishes the capacities one needs to distinguish between truths and falsehoods, the ability to be lied to also disappears. When the moral reasons to reject lying are explored, it becomes clear that most of them also hold where demented patients are concerned, though this also depends on the capacities of the patient. Lying, though prima facie wrong, can sometimes be justified with an appeal to well-being. The relationship between well-being and the truth is further explored. Two examples of deceiving demented patients for reasons of beneficence are discussed, from which it can be concluded that although in some cases beneficent lies or deception will not enhance patients' well-being, there are circumstances in which they do. In general, methods that enhance the well-being of the patient without deception or lies should be favored above options that use deceit, and methods of getting the truth across without hurting the patient should be favored above blunt honesty Finally it is important to note that not only the patient but also the nursing and medical staff can be affected by the use of lies and deception.