附子化学成分和药理作用研究进展

长柱红山茶、美丽红山茶、贵州红山茶、皱叶瘤果茶和小黄花茶是颇具经济价值的稀有濒危植物,局部分布于贵州高原亚地区（ⅢD10 d）常绿阔叶林和常绿落叶阔叶混交林中。针对其物种濒危以及种子繁殖困难等问题,该研究对其种子生物学特性进行了分析。结果表明：（1）长柱红山茶千粒重最大（3 289.70 g）、发芽率最高（81.67%）,贵州红山茶千粒重最小（786.33 g）、发芽率最低（46.00%）;（2）小黄花茶含水率最高(48.85%),长柱红山茶含水率最低（39.52%）;（3）长柱红山茶生活力最大（98.33%）,皱叶瘤果茶生活力最小（63.33%）;（4）5种供试山茶种子的千粒重与生活力、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数呈极显著正相关（R≥0.772,P＜0.01）,种子生活力与发芽率和发芽势呈极显著正相关（R≥0.738,P＜0.01）、与发芽指数呈显著正相关（R=0.532,P＜0.05）。以上结果说明,种皮较坚硬而不易吸水萌发,种子遭遇动物摄食和病虫侵蚀损耗而不利于种群繁衍是其物种濒危的重要原因。该研究结果为其植物资源的保护和利用提供了参考。     

贵州五种野山茶种子氨基酸及脂肪酸成分含量的研究

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和氨基酸比值系数法,对贵州五种野山茶种子氨基酸和主要脂肪酸成分含量进行了研究。结果表明:(1)五种野山茶种子中均含有13种氨基酸,不同种类的氨基酸总量差异极显著,必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量的差异显著(P0.01,P0.05),且第一限制性氨基酸含量不同;长柱红山茶(Camellia longistyla)和贵州红山茶(C.kweichouensis)的氨基酸总量及人体必需氨基酸含量分别为33.01、13.29和26.33、10.38 mg·g~(-1)。(2)不同种类种子的千粒重、含油率、含水率皆呈显著差异(P0.01,P0.05),种子含油率与不饱和脂肪酸含量显著正相关(R=0.556、P0.05),种子不饱和脂肪酸含量与棕榈酸、饱和脂肪酸含量极显著负相关(R=-0.791,P0.01;R=-0.776,P0.01),其中长柱红山茶和贵州红山茶种子的含油率和不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为43.93%、71.89%和43.91%、71.85%。(3)小黄花茶(C.luteoflora)、皱叶瘤果茶(C.rhytidophylla)、贵州红山茶、长柱红山茶、美丽红山茶(C.delicata)所含必需氨基酸与总氨基酸比值分别为44.9、43.3、39.0、40.9、33.8,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值分别为81.6、76.4、64.0、67.4、51.0,除了美丽红山茶的比值系数偏低外,其余4种均达到了WHO/FAO的理想蛋白质标准,种子蛋白质均具有较高的营养价值,其中长柱红山茶和贵州红山茶的种子含油脂质量等级指标接近我国现行茶油标准(GB11765—2003),可以作为重要的优质油茶种质资源加以开发利用。     

山花属五种植物叶片解剖特征及与光合生理相关性研究

利用扫描电子显微镜观察山茶属五种植物叶片解剖特征,并与光合生理相关性进行分析。实验选择的五种植物均为Ｃ３植物,其中小黄花茶和四球茶为阴性植物,叶绿素含量较高;威宁短柱茶为偏阴性植物,叶绿素含量较低;美丽红山茶和狭叶瘤果茶则属于半阴性植物。它们的光合生理指标值差异取决于叶片解剖特征的差异;与光补偿点,光饱和点,净光合速率（Ｐｎ）,光呼吸速率（Ｐｒ）,暗呼吸速率（Ｄｒ）相关性最密切的解剖指标是栅栏组织     

贵州珍稀濒危植物皱叶瘤果茶的种群生态特征研究（英文）

皱叶瘤果茶(Camellia rhytidophylla)是颇具经济价值的特有濒危植物,分布于贵州高原亚地区(Ⅲ D10d)开阳县花梨镇洛旺河流域海拔573~920 m的常绿阔叶落叶混交林中,研究其种群生命特征与保育利用具有重要意义。选择皱叶瘤果茶疑似分布区(6 km~2)开展踏查,在密集分布区设置样地进行详查,分析其种群结构、动态和空间分布格局。结果表明:皱叶瘤果茶种群结构为增长型,幼龄树在种群中占的比重达46.38%,种群密度大小为幼龄树中龄树成年树,种群存活曲线为Deevey-Ⅲ型,死亡率曲线和消失率曲线分别在Ⅰ龄期和Ⅳ龄期出现2个高峰,随后又同时在Ⅲ龄期和Ⅵ龄期出现2个低谷。2个样地内的幼树种群在所有尺度下均呈集群分布,中龄树种群在小尺度上呈集群分布,在大尺度上则表现为随机分布,成年树种群由于人为活动干扰和生境异质性而使空间分布格局明显不同。各发育阶段的空间分布格局有较大差异,关系不密切,均表现为负相关或不相关。皱叶瘤果茶种群空间分布格局是其物种生物学特性、生境异质性及人为干扰等因素共同作用的结果,自然繁殖率极低是限制种群扩散的关键因素,生境异质性、山丘阻碍种子散布以及人类活动的干扰是其种群狭限分布的主要原因。     

贵州稀有濒危种子植物物种多样性保护与利用的研究(附录)

全球性生物多样性保护与利用正逐步走向高质量发展,拥有丰富物种资源已成为夺取生物科技制高点的关键,因此,贵州稀有濒危种子植物多样性保护与利用的研究具有重要意义。在对贵州稀有濒危种子植物资源调查的基础上,选取具有重要应用价值的小黄花茶(Camellia luteoflora)、贵州红山茶(C. kweichowensis)等103种贵州稀有濒危植物,采用模式标本产地植物追溯、现存分布区及种群散布特征调查、物种濒危等级评估、混合采种迁地保育、生物资源测试分析与资源评价相结合的方法,开展了植物物种多样性编目及其迁地保护、种子生物学特性与种子散布及分布动态变化、种苗繁育与应用栽培试验等研究。结果表明:(1)调查评估的103种贵州稀有濒危种子植物都采取了就地保护措施,但迄今为止对濒危威胁程度减轻的效应不明显,抢救性迁地保护依然必要,其中极危(CR)23种、濒危(EN)30种、易危(VU)40种、近危(NT)7种、无危(LC)3种; 采用同一地理种源迁地保护有效种群P_n≥L_f·E_e·A_m的栽培方法,在贵州省植物园开展了迁地保护引种栽培试验。其中,国家重点保护野生植物33种、3 650株,引种栽培平均成活率为95.47%,贵州及毗邻川、滇、桂极少数地区特有分布的种子植物70种、11 010株,引种栽培平均成活率为95.80%,并且建成了活植物保育圃30 200 m²。(2)搜集文献大数据结合GIS信息追踪调查研究,发现了小黄花茶新分布区2.5 km²、长柱红山茶(C. longistyla)新分布区1.5 km²、美丽红山茶(C. delicata)新分布区1.0 km²、皱叶瘤果茶(C. rhytidophylla)新分布区6.0 km²、红花瘤果茶(C. rubituberculata)新分布区50.0 km²、贵州槭(Acer guizhouensis)新分布区0.3 km²; 新分布区种群增量对其减轻濒危程度的评估效果影响不明显。(3)选择了小黄花茶、贵州红山茶等20种具有贵州高原区域环境特色的经济植物开展了种苗繁育和应用栽培试验,建立种苗繁育基地13.4 hm²,繁育种苗73万余株,在林业绿化工程应用中示范栽培140.0 hm²(31万株),≥2年生苗木应用栽培存活率92.00%～98.00%,这为有关稀有濒危植物的科学研究及种质创新利用提供科学参考。     

濒危植物秦岭冷杉种子萌发特性的研究

 秦岭冷杉(Abies chensiensis)为中国特有种,主要分布于中国秦巴山地,现为渐危种,被列为国家二级保护植物。经测定,秦岭冷杉种子千粒重为(33.92±1.01)g,与其它冷杉属的种子比较,其种子千粒重较大。四唑（TTC,1.0 %）染色测种子生活力的结果表明:有生活力的种子占26.00%,空粒占20.50%,涩粒占33.75%,说明秦岭冷杉种子饱满度很差,反映了比较高的种子败育率;染色结果与对比发芽实验的结果很接近,说明用四唑染色来测定秦岭冷杉种子的生活力是较准确的方法。把种子进行0、14、21、28d低温(4℃)层积处理,发现低温层积可以显著提高种子发芽率和发芽势,但是层积21d与28d发芽势没有差异。设置恒温20℃、25℃和变温20～30℃ 3种温度条件下发芽比较,发现最终的发芽率并没有差异,但是发芽势差异显著,恒温25℃达到最大发芽率的90%的时间要比另外两种温度下提前9d,可见25℃是秦岭冷杉种子发芽的适宜温度。光照(8 h·d-1,100μmol·m-2·s-1)和黑暗下种子的最后发芽率差异不显著,但是光照发芽势高,可见光照可以促进秦岭冷杉种子发芽迅速、整齐。实验证明,用砂床做发芽基质与用纸床做发芽基质相比,前者的发芽率和发芽势均比后者高。     

浓硫酸处理对海滨木槿10个家系种子萌发的影响

以海滨木槿10个家系种子为材料,采用浓硫酸不同时间(0、10、15和20 min)处理,测定种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及萌发过程中相对吸水率、可溶性糖、淀粉和α-淀粉酶含量,研究浓硫酸处理对海滨木槿种子萌发的影响以及不同家系间种子萌发差异.结果表明:浓硫酸处理显著提高了海滨木槿种子的发芽率、发芽指数和发芽势,缩短了发芽时间.浓硫酸处理15 min后,种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别为95.7％、91.3％和13.28,萌发时间最短,效果最佳.海滨木槿不同家系间种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数差异显著,最高发芽指数(15.13)是最低发芽指数(7.15)的2.12倍,最高发芽势(98.0％)是最低发芽势(55.5％)的1.77倍.浓硫酸处理可加快海滨木槿种子萌发代谢生理生化进程.相对吸水率、可溶性糖和α-淀粉酶均呈单峰曲线变化(先升后降),在萌发初期达到最大值;淀粉含量与种子发芽指数呈显著负相关.     

珍稀濒危植物距瓣尾囊草种子散布及萌发特性

采用野外调查和室内实验相结合的方法,对距瓣尾囊草(Urophysa rockii)种子散布途径、散布方式和种子萌发特性进行初步研究.结果表明:距瓣尾囊草种子千粒重为0.6684±0.0038 g,以果实和种子为扩散单元进行扩散,具有自体扩散和水媒扩散两种方式.温度对距瓣尾囊草种子萌发有显著影响,20℃为最适萌发温度,发芽率达67.78％.低温(4℃)层积可有效提高种子发芽率和发芽势,随层积天数增加,发芽率和发芽势增加,但层积30 d和40 d发芽率和发芽势无显著性差异.光照和黑暗对种子萌发的影响差异不显著,光照不是其种子萌发的必需条件.实验证明,与用湿砂做发芽基质相比,用滤纸做发芽基质,其发芽率和发芽势均比前者高,因此滤纸是距瓣尾囊草种子萌发实验中更为适宜的发芽基质.     

藏药多刺绿绒蒿种子萌发特性研究

多刺绿绒蒿(Meconopsis horridula)为罂粟科绿绒蒿属一年生草本植物,是一种极具观赏价值和药用价值的高山植物,目前处于濒危状态,因此研究多刺绿绒蒿种子的萌发特性对其种子育苗及人工栽培具有重要意义。为了提高多刺绿绒蒿的种子发芽率,该研究以多刺绿绒蒿的种子为材料,分析了不同消毒剂、浸种时间、温度和外源植物激素对种子萌发特性的影响。结果表明:(1)最适消毒方法为75%乙醇1 min+3%H2O25 min,最适浸种时间为24 h,最适温度和光照条件为20℃/10℃(光照12 h/黑暗12 h),用无菌水浸种后的种子发芽率为49.67%。(2) GA_3100～600 mg·L~(-1)和NAA 5～30 mg·L~(-1)可以提高种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,缩短发芽启动时间和发芽持续时间,对种子的萌发有促进作用。(3) 6-BA 5 mg·L~(-1)和10 mg·L~(-1)对种子的萌发有一定的促进作用,但不显著,6-BA浓度≥15 mg·L~(-1)则抑制种子的萌发。(4)用GA3500 mg·L~(-1)浸种后的种子发芽指标最好,发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数分别为69.67%、33.00%、4.51,种子的发芽起始时间和发芽持续时间分别为10.67 d、11.67 d。     

稀有濒危植物贵州红山茶种群结构及数量动态变化的研究

贵州红山茶(Camellia kweichowensis)是红山茶组中稀有5室蒴果代表种之一,具有重要物种生物学意义和经济利用价值。为探索贵州红山茶物种稀有濒危原因,该文采用样方法与实测法调查,通过种群年龄结构和生存力分析,开展种群结构动态量化特征和未来发展趋势的研究。结果表明：(1)贵州红山茶原生植被具有亚热带湿润性常绿阔叶林典型特征,常绿落叶阔叶混交林占主体林分,华山松(Pinus armandii)+桦木(Betula luminifera)+枫香(Liquidambar formosana)+蓝果树(Nyssa sinensis)+山茶(Camellia sp.)+铃木(Eurya sp.)+木荷(Schima sp.)等针叶阔叶混交林常见。(2)贵州红山茶植物种群结构为增长型,以小树和中树龄级阶段植株为主体,占种群数量的73.02%;种群存活曲线Deevey-Ⅱ型特征明显,种群生命期望值在幼苗期达到最大值,死亡率和消失率曲线的变化趋势基本一致;种群幼苗库丰富但响应生境外的干扰敏感,幼苗存活至Ⅶ龄级植株概率陡降至36.17%,整体呈现“Ⅳ龄级前增长-Ⅳ龄级后衰退”的特点。(3)...     

濒危植物小黄花茶种群结构和生存群落特征研究

小黄花茶(Camellia luteoflora Li ex H.T.Chang)是分布极狭的贵州特有植物,本文在群落调查的基础上,研究了其生存群落的特征和种群结构。结果表明:小黄花茶主要分布于毛竹林、竹阔混交林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林等3种群落类型中,其中阔叶林分布最多。小黄花茶的生存群落内,高位芽植物占总数的43.24%;地上芽植物占16.22%;地面芽和隐芽植物占16.89%;一年生植物占6.77%。生存群落物种丰富度等5种多样性指数均为草本层灌木层乔木层;小黄花茶种群结构整体属于稳定型,局部区域处于衰退型。近5年来,小黄花茶种群数量减少了约20%,种群生存面临很大威胁。生存群落中竹类植物的快速扩张,加上人为干扰和动物危害等,是小黄花茶种群受威胁的主要因素。     

Population Ecological Characteristics of the Rare and Endangered Plant Camellia rhytidophylla from Guizhou

Camellia rhytidophylla is endemic and endangered and with important economic species, from the ⅢD10d in eastern Asia, which distributed at 573-920m in evergreen broad leaved deciduous mixed forest in Luowang river valley of Kaiyang county. So, it is significant to study the population characteristics, conservation and utilization. We took general survey in suspected distribution area about 6 square kilometers, set up plots in dense area, and analyzed the population structure, development and spatial distribution pattern. The results showed that the structure of Crhytidophylla populations were increasing and the proportion of young tree in population was 4638%. The size of population density was young shrubs＞middle aged shrubs＞adult shrubs. The survival curve of population was Deevey Ⅲ model. There were 2 peaks in the Ⅰand Ⅳ age classes on the mortality rate curve and disappearance rate curve respectively, then there are 2 troughs in the Ⅲ and Ⅵ age classed at the same time. The spatial distribution pattern of Crhytidophylla significantly differentiated at different stages of development, the young individuals were aggregated at all spatial scales while the middle aged individuals were aggregated at small spatial scales and randomly distributed at larger scales. Differences in the distribution of adult individuals could be attributed to artificial disturbance and habitat heterogeneity. The spatial pattern was not close in different stages of development, which all showed negative or no correlation. The spatial distribution pattern of Crhytidophylla was the interaction of the factors, such as its biological characteristics,habitat heterogeneity, and artificial disturbance, etc.. The key factor limiting population development was low natural reproduction rate; the primary factors causing its endemic distribution mainly included habitat heterogeneity, topographical constraints on seed dispersal and artificial disturbance.     

Grain damage,viability and weight loss in different barley cultivars due to Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) infestation

This study was carried out to see the impact of Angoumois grain moth (AGM) on different cultivars of barley so that we must grow resistant variety of barley or improve those which are susceptible to it. Eggs of Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) were collected and reared in incubators available in Stored Product Entomology Laboratory, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, under temperature 27 ± 2°C and 60 ± 2% relative humidity. For the experiment, five different cultivars of barley; Sanober-96, Jau-83, Soorab-96, ICBA and Sterling were selected for AGM feed. After an interval of 30, 60 and 90 days of infestation, percentage damage and weight loss in grains were determined. After carrying out laboratory and field germination tests, viability of different cultivars were checked. Damage was maximum in variety Soorab (99.38%), which becomes susceptible while it was minimum in Sanober-96 (90.62%), which becomes resistant. Weight loss was maximum in variety Soorab (49.71%), which becomes susceptible and was minimum in Sanober-96 (45.32%), which becomes resistant. Damage was positively correlated with weight loss and negatively correlated with seed germination. In germination tests, on filter paper, maximum germination was found in variety Sterling (3%) which becomes resistant and it was minimum in ICBA which becomes susceptible (0%). In sand germination test, maximum seeds germinated in variety Sanober-96 (2%), and minimum seeds germinated in ICBA (0%). By calculating the percentage of losses of different cultivars, it was found that none of cultivars proved itself completely resistant or susceptible.     

Geographical and climatic gradients of evergreen versus deciduous broad‐leaved tree species in subtropical China: Implications for the definition of the mixed forest

Understanding climatic influences on the proportion of evergreen versus deciduous broad‐leaved tree species in forests is of crucial importance when predicting the impact of climate change on broad‐leaved forests. Here, we quantified the geographical distribution of evergreen versus deciduous broad‐leaved tree species in subtropical China. The Relative Importance Value index (RIV ) was used to examine regional patterns in tree species dominance and was related to three key climatic variables: mean annual temperature (MAT ), minimum temperature of the coldest month (MinT), and mean annual precipitation (MAP ). We found the RIV of evergreen species to decrease with latitude at a lapse rate of 10% per degree between 23.5 and 25°N, 1% per degree at 25–29.1°N, and 15% per degree at 29.1–34°N. The RIV of evergreen species increased with: MinT at a lapse rate of 10% per °C between ?4.5 and 2.5°C and 2% per °C at 2.5–10.5°C; MAP at a lapse rate of 10% per 100 mm between 900 and 1,600 mm and 4% per 100 mm between 1,600 and 2,250 mm. All selected climatic variables cumulatively explained 71% of the geographical variation in dominance of evergreen and deciduous broad‐leaved tree species and the climatic variables, ranked in order of decreasing effects were as follows: MinT > MAP  > MAT . We further proposed that the latitudinal limit of evergreen and deciduous broad‐leaved mixed forests was 29.1–32°N, corresponding with MAT of 11–18.1°C, MinT of ?2.5 to 2.51°C, and MAP of 1,000–1,630 mm. This study is the first quantitative assessment of climatic correlates with the evergreenness and deciduousness of broad‐leaved forests in subtropical China and underscores that extreme cold temperature is the most important climatic determinant of evergreen and deciduous broad‐leaved tree species’ distributions, a finding that confirms earlier qualitative studies. Our findings also offer new insight into the definition and distribution of the mixed forest and an accurate assessment of vulnerability of mixed forests to future climate change.     

稀有濒危植物长柱红山茶种群特征及数量动态研究

长柱红山茶(Camellia longistyla Chang ex F.A.Zeng et H.Zhou)是贵州特有经济植物,分布于贵州省金沙沟桫椤自然保护区和雷公山自然保护区海拔950~1400 m的常绿阔叶落叶混交林中,为我国珍稀濒危物种。通过对长柱红山茶密集分布的两个典型样地(望乡坡A和方山B)采样调查,采用径级代替龄级的方法绘制种群生命表、存活曲线(ln(ln))、生存率函数(Sn)进行生存分析研究,用动态指数(Vn、Vpi)和时间序列模型预测种群发展动向。结果表明:长柱红山茶种群的年龄结构总体上呈衰退型早期阶段,即中龄个体数量多、幼龄个体数量少,其生存曲线基本属于Deevey-Ⅰ型;生命表及其相关曲线分析显示,长柱红山茶种群有早期锐减、中期稳定、后期逐步衰退的特征;种群数量动态分析发现,幼苗不足,自然更新困难,但仍有一定的恢复潜力,且A种群受环境影响较大,对环境变化较敏感;时间序列分析表明,A、B两个种群的衰退现象是在最近的1~2个龄级时间内开始的,如果不采取有效保护措施,在未来4个龄级时间后,该物种原生种群将进入典型的衰退型年龄结构。因此,系统研究其种群特征及繁殖规律,并在加强就地保护的同时,采取人工繁育幼苗并种植回归原生境或引入相似生境中,通过栽培增加其种群数量和扩散能力,对其种质资源的有效保护和开发利用具有重要意义。     

江西省大岗山主要森林类型降雨再分配特征

以江西大岗山地区杉木林、常绿阔叶林和毛竹林为研究对象,分析其对降水再分配过程的影响.结果表明: 2012年4-6月,研究区降水量为531.6 mm,以小到中雨为主,单次最大降雨量为61.7 mm.研究期间,毛竹林总穿透雨量最大,常绿阔叶林最小.降水量相同条件下,毛竹林与杉木林的穿透雨量相差不大;降水量较大且相同时,常绿阔叶林的穿透雨量明显小于另外两种林型;穿透雨在林内有明显的空间变异性.杉木林、常绿阔叶林和毛竹林的树干径流率分别为1.4%、8.9%和8.8%.杉木林树干径流与另外两种林型差异极显著(P<0.01).3种林型树干径流量均与前期降水条件有关,毛竹林相关程度最小,杉木林最大.3种林型林冠截留量大小依次为杉木林(30.5%)>阔叶林(25.5%)>毛竹林(19.2%).在该地区常见降雨条件下(小雨),杉木林截留率明显高于另外两种林型.     

Nutrient conservation strategies in native Andean‐Patagonian forests

Abstract. Nutrient conservation in vegetation affects rates of litter decomposition and soil nutrient availability. Although resorption has been traditionally considered one of the most important plant strategies to conserve nutrients in temperate forests, long leaf life‐span and low nutrient requirements have been postulated as better indicators. We aimed at identifying nutrient conservation strategies within characteristic functional groups of NW Patagonian forests on Andisols. We analysed C‐, N‐, P‐, K‐ and lignin‐concentrations in mature and senescent leaves of ten native woody species within the functional groups: broad‐leaved deciduous species, broad‐leaved evergreens and conifers. We also examined mycorrhizal associations in all species. Nutrient concentration in mature leaves and N‐ resorption were higher in broad‐leaved deciduous species than in the other two functional groups. Conifers had low mature leaf nutrient concentrations, low N‐resorption and high lignin/N ratios in senescent leaves. P‐ and K‐resorptions did not differ among functional groups. Broad‐leaved evergreens exhibited a species‐dependent response. Nitrogen in mature leaves was positively correlated with both N resorption and soil N‐fertility. Despite the high P‐retention capacity of Andisols, N appeared to be the more limiting nutrient, with most species being proficient in resorbing N but not P. The presence of endomycorrhizae in all conifers and the broad‐leaved evergreen Maytenus boaria, ectomycorrhizae in all Nothofagus species (four deciduous, one evergreen), and cluster roots in the broad‐leaved evergreen Lomatia hirsuta, would be possibly explaining why P is less limiting than N in these forests.     

植物叶面气孔扩散阻抗与净化空气能力的关系

叶片气孔扩散阻抗大小是植物净化空气能力的指标之一。应用气孔仪在自然条件下调查了50科115种植物的气孔阻抗和蒸腾速率,包括落叶树84种,常绿树25种,藤本和草本6种,其中列入中国植物红皮书的稀有濒危植物33种。叶面气孔扩散阻抗平均值为2．28s／cm,最小值为桑（Morusalba）0．49s／cm,最大值为紫楠（Phoebesheareri）和夏蜡梅（Calycanthuschinensis）7．6s／cm。调查结果表明：叶片气孔扩散阻抗小,净化空气能力强又不易受环境变化影响的阔叶树种有桑、棕榈、臭椿、构树、白腊树、栾树等,藤本植物爬山虎也有很好的净化效率。     

红皮糙果茶种子生活力测定与发芽试验

选取饱满有光泽的红皮糙果茶Camellia crapnelliana种子,进行种子贮存生活力测定、种子发芽试验及种皮解剖结构观察等研究,就种子繁殖探讨其濒危原因。结果表明,有利于保持种子生活力的贮存方式为：4 ℃贮存>常温贮存>－10 ℃贮存;种子发芽试验中,采用不同浓度赤霉素(GA₃)、吲哚丁酸(IBA)和不同温度温水处理,种子发芽率均不高,最高为40%;不同因素对种子发芽的影响不同,种子发芽最佳处理为800 mg·L^-1GA₃浸泡6 h;种皮解剖结构观察到红皮糙果茶种皮坚硬,由栓化壁和骨状石细胞组成,内、外部石细胞垂直交错排列,这可能是造成种子萌发困难的机械阻碍原因。     

基于集合经验模态分解去趋势的水分利用效率对气候变化响应的高程分异——以“21世纪海上丝绸之路”沿线省份为例

水分利用效率(WUE)是表征陆地碳-水循环耦合关系的重要指标,但其对气候变化响应的高程分异仍不清楚。通过集合经验模态分解(EEMD)去趋势和偏相关方法,以"21世纪海上丝绸之路"沿线省份为研究区,揭示WUE对气候变化的响应及其随高程的分异。研究结果表明：(1)研究区内WUE多年均值由中心向南北递减。不同植被类型的WUE多年均值由高到低依次为：常绿针叶林、混交林、常绿阔叶林、稀树灌木草地、耕地和城市建设用地。(2)51.11%的区域表现出均温与WUE的正相关;而81.46%地区表明温差的扩大会使得WUE增加;有近一半的研究区表明最高温的升高有利于提高WUE,而最低温的作用则相反;有67.99%的区域表明降水增多反而会导致WUE的减少。(3)在大多数土地覆盖类型,日温差和最低温主要与WUE呈正相关,而最高温和降水主要与WUE呈负相关。在常绿针叶林、耕地和城市建设用地,日均温与WUE呈负相关。在其他三种植被类型下则呈正相关。(4)在低海拔地区,均温与WUE呈负相关而在中高海拔地区则转变为正相关关系。而最高温则正好相反。降水与WUE的负相关关系系数随高度的增加而不断加强,而温差和最低温与WUE的正相关关系也随高度的增加而剧烈波动增强。