Cambios en la Diversidad en Siete Comunidades de Anuros en los Andes de Ecuador1

In the Ecuadorian Andes, populations of 24 anuran species have been reported to be in the process of decline or extinction since the late 1980s. In spite of these reports, quantitative data on population trends on anuran populations in Ecuador are scarce. We compare relative abundance and species composition in surveys conducted between 1967 and 1988 (initial surveys) with surveys conducted between March 2000 and November 2003 (recent surveys) in seven anuran communities in the Andes of Ecuador. A total of 76 anuran species was registered. In 88 populations corresponding to 73 species in seven localities, 56 of them decreased and 27 increased their relative abundances. We observed significant differences in the number of species present in the initial surveys with respect to recent surveys. In six out of seven localities we registered fewer species than previously, even though capture effort was greater in recent surveys. Differences were of higher magnitude for species with aquatic larvae (34 species in initial surveys and 17 in recent surveys). Differences were not significant for species with direct development (genus Eleutherodactylus; 28 species in initial and recent surveys). We registered increases in the upper limit of the altitudinal range for six species and nine new records for six localities.     

Efectos del entrenamiento en estrategias de regulación emocional en el bienestar de cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer

Introduction

The present research shows the results of a psychoeducational intervention programme centered on the regulation of the emotion among Alzheimer patients’ caregivers.

Materials and methods

52 informal caregivers of Alzheimer's patients participated. These caregivers were distributed into two groups: the experimental group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 32). All the participants were evaluated before and after the intervention programme through the application of different measurement tools measuring variables related to the care giving process; stressors, modulation variables and care giving consequences.

Results

In the inter group contrast, the experimental group, when compared with the control condition, obtained higher scores in positive affect, subjective well-being, regulation of emotions, and satisfaction with caregiving. However, the experimental group recorded lower values in perceived stress and negative affect. With reference to the intragroup contrast, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in dysfunctional thoughts and emotional attention. The control group registered higher levels of psychosocial support and lower satisfaction with caregiving.

Conclusions

The training programme, that we both developed and conducted, has contributed to a greater feeling of emotional well-being amongst the its participant caregivers, who now take more adequate care of their emotions and suffer fewer dysfunctional thoughts in relation to caregiving. In future studies, the stability of the results presented in this investigation should be established due to the progressive character of the skills learned during the programme, and the changing needs associated with the caregiving process.     

A propos de coefficients de temperature en biologie

Sommaire Une revue des bases théoriques de l'équation proposée parBlehrádek montre que celle-ci n'est autre chose que l'équation d'Esson écrite d'une autre manière (substitution de t° centigrade à T, température absolue). La raison de cette substitution de graduation est basée sur la prétendue existence d'un «zéro biologique» au voisinage de 0° centigrade; impliquant par là, l'équivalence pour un système organique du 0° centigrade au 0° absolu pour un système inorganique.La déduction d'un «coefficient» de température pour la viscosité cellulaire est, de plus, absolument non fondée. Elle repose sur des expériences inadéquates ou sur des extensions illégitimes de raisonnement.Sa revue de l'applicabilité de l'équation d'Arrhenius se montre de plus incorrecte dans son traitement. Elle se base sur des travaux dont les données d'observation sont fréquemment plus que critiquables. Elle montre de plus le grand danger des «moyennes d'observations» ainsi que la nécessité, pour tout travail sur la relation entre l'activité d'un organisme vivant et la température, de procéder à un grand nombre de points de l'échelle thermométrique. Cette technique permet alors de mettre en évidence l'existence de températures critiques pour le processus considéré.     

Impacto del apoyo familiar en la presencia de quejas depresivas en personas mayores de Santiago de Chile

Introduction

Epidemiological changes can have an effect on social and, and in particular, family ties, which are important elements in the mental health of older people. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of family support on depressive disorders in older people of the community.

Material and methods

Face to face interviews were conducted on a representative sample of adults 60 years and older, living in urban area of Santiago de Chile. The information on depressive disorders was related to family composition, emotional and instrumental support, presence of conflict, health self-perception, functionality and self-efficiency. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models.

Results

From a total of 394 participants, 62% females, mean age 74 years (SD=8.1), 16% felt depressed almost every day. Depressive disorders were significantly associated in regression models with impaired self-perception of health and efficacy, lower instrumental support, and with the presence of conflict. The variable that most contributed to the model was self-rated poor health, increasing the odds of depressive disorders by 3.2.

Conclusions

Poor perception of health was the main determining factor for depressive complaints in older people, followed by lower family support, specifically instrumental support, and the presence of conflict. This information can help future programs in order to improve the quality of life in older people.     

Het Tijdschrift voor Gerontologie en Geriatrie en de praktijk

In 2008 the Dutch-language journal of gerontology and geriatrics goes into its 39th year of publication. Most of the scientific papers published by the Journal in 2007 serve a practical purpose. The Journal is oriented towards the scientific community of Dutch speaking geriatricians, nursing home physicians, psychologists, sociologists and other scientific professionals. Besides theory-driven empirical studies in gerontology and geriatrics, the Journal publishes comments and criticism on government policy on geriatric care and services for the elderly.     

Trasplante renal en mayores de 60 años en un hospital de Colombia

Introduction

Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice in patients with end- stage renal disease. Renal transplantation in without fear of ethical conflicts is the best treatment option in the elderly. The objective is to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients over 60 years old with at least one year of renal transplantation in a single center of Colombia.

Methods

This is a cohort study of patients over 60 years old from a single center in Bogota, Colombia. About 28 patients were analyzed between June 2004 and March 2012.

Results

The mean age was 65 years old, with 89% males. The main cause of chronic kidney disease was diabetic nephropathy, followed by hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Most of them (96.4%) were deceased donor transplants with a mean age of 40 years old, cold ischemia time was 12 hours and there was a mismatch of 3.25 (±1.29). Major comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and coronary arterial disease. Almost 17% had delayed graft dysfunction. Serum creatinine at 6 and 12 months was 1.27 mg/dl (±0.31) and 1.25 mg/dl (±0.33), respectively. Only 10% of patients had acute cellular rejection. Humoral rejections were not documented. The patient survival at 1 year was 89.7%, and death-censored graft survival was 96.4%. The most frequent cause of death was acute myocardial infarction.

Conclusions

Proper selection of kidney transplant recipients shows satisfactory results in survival, with low morbidity in patients older than 60 years.     

Teneur en eau et en azote chez l'abeille en fonction de l'isolement

Résumé La diffèrence de mortalité notée entre les abeilles isolées et groupées n'est pas due à une perturbation du métabolisme de l'eau et de l'azote. Ceci étant également vrai pour les surces, il est possible de généraliser et de dire que le métabolisme généraliser et de dire que le métabolisme général ne semble jouer aucun rôle déterminant dans cet effet de groupe, observé tant chez les abeilles d'hiver que chez les abeilles d'été.

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Zusammenfassung Die Sterblichkeitsdifferenz zwischen isolierten und gruppierten Winter- oder Sommerbienen ist nicht auf eine Perturbation des Metabolismus von Wasser und Stickstoff zurückzuführen, wie es ja auch bereits vom Zuckergehalt festgestellt wurde.Der Metabolismus spielt also keine entscheidende Rolle in diesem Gruppeneffekt.

     

Estudio de la patogenicidad de conidiobolus Coronatus en animales de experimentacion

Resumen A partir de una cepa de Conidiobolus coronatus aislada de Aenolamia postica, se inocularon 152 ratones, 42 cobayos y 47 hamsters por vías intraperitoneal (IP), subcutánea (SC), intratraqueal y por escarificación en la mucosa oral; cada animal se inoculó 3 veces a intervalos de una semana. Los animales se sacrificaron a los 1, 8, 15, 45 y 225 días de la primera inoculación, haciéndose estudios de alteraciones macroscópicas (nódulos, abscesos, adherencias), exámenes directos, cultivos e histopatología. Las alteraciones macroscópicas de los tejidos fueron las más frecuentes y todas evolucionaron a la curación espontánea. Los animales presentaron un mayor múmero de estudios positivos cuando se inocularon por vía IP y SC. Los estudios histopatológicos hechos al 1° y 8° día, demostraron un infiltrado inflamatorio agudo y filamentos fúngicos bien conservados; a los 15 días se observaron granulomas con células gigantes y filamentos fragmentados en desintegración; a los 45 y 225 días se observó una reacción de fibrosis sin filamentos fúngicos. Se consideró que en ningún caso se logró reproducir la rinoentomoftoromicosis y de acuerdo a éstos resultados se estima que esta cepa no tiene patogenicidad o bien ésta es muy baja.

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The pathogenicity of a strain of Conidiobolus coronatus isolated from Aenolamia postica was investigated in 152 mice, 42 guinea pigs and 47 hamsters. Four routes of inoculation were used: intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intratracheal and scarification in the oral mucosa. Each animal was inoculated 3 times at 3 week intervals. Animals were sacrificed at 1, 8, 15, 45 of 225 days after the first inoculation. Observations of macroscopic lesions (nodules, abscesses, adhesions, etc.) direct examinations, cultures and histopathological studies of different tissues were performed. The aforementioned lesions of tissue were the most frequently found and all of them were resolved by spontaneous cure. The animals inoculated intraperitoneally and subcutaneouslly presented the highest number of positive results. The histopathological features at the 1st and 8th days after inoculation showed an acute inflamatory infiltrate with well preserved fungus filaments; at the 15th day granulomas with giant cells were observed containing fragmented and disintegrated fungal hyphae; at the 45th and 225th days a fibrosis reaction was observed and no fungal filaments, could be found. In no animal was rhinoentomophthoromycosis never reproduced, and according to these results it is considered that either this strain is not a pathogen or its pathogenicity is very low.

     

Een en ander over de Muziek en den Dans of de Kei-Eilanden. Jaap Kunst

RECENT PUBLICATIONS ON MUSIC IN THE DUTCH EAST INDIES.: Music in Nias. Jaap Kunst.
Music in Flores—A study of the vocal and instrumental music among the tribes living in Flores. Jaap Kunst.
Een en ander over de Javaaansche Gamelan. Jaap Kunst.
Een en ander over de Javaansche Wajang. Jaap Kunst.
Muziek en Dans in de Buitengewesten. Jaap Kunst.