安络小皮伞中水溶性多糖的研究——Ⅰ.甘露聚糖 FP_1 的纯化与结构研究

从安络小皮伞水溶性多糖中分离纯化得一甘露聚糖 FP_1。分子量约为24万。经红外光谱、~+H-NMR 谱和亲和层析指明为β-甘露聚糖。结构分析采用高碘酸氧化、Smith 降解、完全甲基化 GC、GC-MS 与~(13)C-NMR 分析,分子的主链是β-D-(1→6)连接的甘露糖,支链为β-(1→3),β(1→2)甘露糖,分别连接在主链的 O-3和 O-2上。     

安络小皮伞中水溶性多糖的研究I．甘露聚糖FP1的纯化与结构研究

从安络小皮伞水溶性多糖中分离纯化得一甘露聚糖FP1。分子量约为24万。经红外光谱、+H-NMR谱和亲和层析指明为β-甘露聚糖。结构分析采用高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、完全甲基化GC、GC—MS与13C—NMR分析,分子的主链是芦β-D-(1→6)连接的甘露糖,支链为β-(1→3),β(1→2)甘露糖,分别连接在主链的O-3和。O-2上。     

黑节草多糖的研究

从黑节草(Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl.)分离纯化到三种多糖:黑节草多糖Ⅰ,Ⅱ和Ⅲ。根据IR、~1H及~(13)C NMR、酸水解和O-乙酰基分析,确定它们为一类O-乙酰葡萄甘露聚糖。由过碘酸氧化、Smith降解、部分酸水解和甲基化分析,证明了它们由几个β-(1→3)-D-甘露吡喃糖基和一个β-(1→4)-D-葡萄吡喃糖基重复构成主链。支链可能由β-(1→4)-D-葡萄糖基和其它戊糖基组成,并连接在主链葡萄糖基的2-、3-或6-位上。用凝胶层析法测得它们的分子量(MW)为1 000 000(Ⅰ),500 000(Ⅱ)和120 000(Ⅲ)。     

蛹虫草胞外多糖的研究 Ⅰ.半乳甘露聚糖(CM-I)的纯化和结构研究

从蛹虫草菌体培养液中提取水溶性粗多糖经分离纯化,得一种含有少量蛋白的半乳甘露聚糖CM-Ⅰ,分子量2.7×10~4,[α]_D~(19)=+54.7°。糖组成摩尔比,半乳糖:甘露糖=6∶5。经高碘酸氧化,Smith降解,部分酸水解,半乳糖苷酶解,~1H-NMR分析,完全甲基化与GC及GC-MS分析,证明:多糖CM-Ⅰ具有高度分枝结构,其以β-(1→2)连接的甘露糖为主干,枝链由较大量的β-(1→6)半乳糖和较大量的β-(1→2)呋喃半乳糖构成,分别连接在主干的0—4和0—6上。     

盾叶薯蓣地上部分的三个新甾体皂甙

从盾叶薯蓣Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright地上部分分离鉴定了四个甾体皂甙,经鉴定甙A为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙B为24α-羟基约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙C为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基;甙D为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。前三者为新化合物,分别命名为盾叶皂甙A_1、A_2、A_3(zingiberoside A_1、A_2、A_3),其中盾叶皂甙A_2的甙元为一新甾体皂甙元,命名为盾叶皂甙元(zingiberogenin)。     

魔芋球茎中的β-甘露聚糖酶

迄今研究高等植物的β-甘露聚糖酶主要是用贮藏甘露聚糖的种子为材料(Halmer等1975,Halmer和Bewley 1979,Reid等1977,McCleary 1983)。营养器官贮藏甘露聚糖的植物,仅存在于单子叶植物的少数科(Meier和Reid 1982)。魔芋球茎贮藏大量甘露聚糖,Sugiyama等(1973)和Shimahara等(1975)从萌发的球茎中部分纯化了β-甘露聚糖     

枯草芽孢杆菌群β-甘露聚糖酶基因克隆及同源性分析

本文对33株枯草芽孢杆菌群菌株进行β-甘露聚糖酶活性筛选,其中的32株具有β-甘露聚糖酶活性,只有1株无β-甘露聚糖酶活性.通过基因克隆测序的方法获得33株枯草芽孢杆菌群菌株β-甘露聚糖酶基因编码区全序列,对酶基因进行同源性分析并构建系统发育树;在β-甘露聚糖酶基因系统发育树中,33株枯草芽孢杆菌群菌株聚为3个分支,分别是枯草芽孢杆菌分支、地衣芽孢杆菌分支和解淀粉芽孢杆菌分支;枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌β-甘露聚糖酶基因种内同源性大于91%,而种间同源性为60%69%.     

蛹虫草胞外多糖的研究I．半乳甘露聚糖(CM-I)的纯化和结构研究

从蛹虫草菌体培养液中提取水溶性粗多糖经分离纯化,得一种含有少量蛋白的半乳甘露聚糖CM-I,分子量2．7×10’,[a]19d=十54．7°。糖组成摩尔比,半乳糖： 甘露糖=6：5。经高碘酸氧化,Smith降解,部分酸水解,半乳糖苷酶解,1H-NMR分析,完全甲基化与GC及GC-MS分析,证明：多糖CM-I具有高度分枝结构,其以β-(1→2)连接的甘露糖为主干,枝链由较大量的β-(1→6)半乳糖和较大最的β-(1→2)呋喃半乳糖构成,分别连接在主干的0-4和0一6上。     

金铁锁的新三萜皂甙

从金铁锁（Psammosilene tunicoides W.C.Wu et C.Y.Wu)根部分离得到5个齐墩果烷型五环三萜皂苷,它们的结构通过波谱和化学方法分别鉴定为：3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-gypsogenin(1),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-gypsogenin(2),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyra-nosyl-gypsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(LobatosideI,3),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosylgypsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(4),3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→）-β-D-glucuro-nopyranosyl-grpsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucuro-nopyranosyl-gypsogenin-28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-6-O-acetylglucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-L-rh-amnopyranosyl(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside(5),其中5为新化合物,1和2为首次从自然界中分离得到。     

苦绳甙甲的结构

从苦绳(Dregea sinensis var. corrugata)的根茎中分得一个新的C_(21)-甾体甙成分,命名为苦绳甙甲(dregeoside A)。经光谱分析和化学反应证明,其结构为:苦绳甙元甲3-O-3-O-甲基-6-去氧-β-D-阿洛吡喃糖(1→4)-β-D-夹竹桃吡喃糖(1→4)-β-D-磁麻吡喃糖,(1→4)-β-D-磁麻吡喃糖甙(drevogenin A 3-O-3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-β-1)-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-cymaropyranoside).     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.