1994年丹江口库区调查发现的石制品研究

本文报道了1994年在南水北调中线工程丹江口库区多处地点采集的624件石制品。石制品类型有石核、石片和石器;石器占44%以上, 类型丰富, 包括手斧、手镐、薄刃斧、砍砸器、石球、尖状器、刮削器和石锤; 石器素材主要为砾石, 大多数个体粗大。这一石器组合与中国南方的砾石石器工业有较多的相似之处; 手斧工具的出现表明,这些石制品在探讨东、西方的旧石器文化交流方面也是非常重要的材料。     

湖北丹江口北泰山庙2号旧石器地点发掘简报

2010年3月—5月, 吉林大学边疆考古研究中心配合南水北调中线工程对丹江口库区北泰山庙2号旧石器地点进行了抢救性发掘。发掘面积500㎡, 地层堆积由上至下分为3层。第①层是黑褐色黏土层, 为耕土层, 发现石制品90件。第②层是黄褐色黏土层, 出土石制品21件, 类型包括石核、石片、断块及石器; 断块占一半多; 石器仅3件, 均为刮削器。第③层是红褐色黏土层, 出土石制品48件, 类型包括石核、石片、断块及石器; 石器有刮削器、砍砸器、手斧和手镐等类型。各层石制品原料的种类基本一致,都以石英为主。石器工业的特点是, 以砾石及其大石片为毛坯, 简单加工的重型工具为主要类型。结合与附近其他类似地点的地层及石制品特征对比推断, 第③层与第②层的时代可能从中更新世延续至晚更新世。     

2014年山西下川遗址富益河圪梁地点3号探方的发掘报告

2014年夏季,我们对下川遗址的富益河圪梁地点北部进行了发掘,本文对其3号探方(QX2014-T3)的发掘成果进行了报道。T3的面积为6 m2,出土石制品1036件;其中,183件出自上文化层,853件出自下文化层。石制品原料主要为石英砂岩和黑色燧石,另外还有少量的玛瑙、硅质泥岩等。下文化层石制品包括石核、石片和石器等;其中,石器的类型包括重型石斧、研磨器、石锤和轻型刮削器、凹缺器、尖状器、锯齿状器、楔形析器、圆头刮削器、齿状器、琢背小刀,赤铁矿;打片和修理均采用为简单的锤击法;年代为40～30 kaBP。上文化层发现的石制品以细石叶产品为主,石核包括普通的多台面石核、锥形细石核、船形细石核,石片为普通石片和细石叶共存,石器包括刮削器、圆头刮削器等;年代晚于30 kaBP。     

山西囊汾大崮堆山史前石器制造场初步研究

大崮堆山石器制造场石制品极为丰富,数以万计。本文记述了对大崮堆山史前石器制造场的初步观察和对所获石器进行研究的主要结果。石器的主要类型有砍斫器、刮削器和尖状器。其中矛形器数量丰富、器形独特,是该遗址中典型器物。这里的石器别具一格,代表了一种新的区域性文化。     

丹江口库区舒家岭旧石器遗址发掘简报

舒家岭旧石器时代遗址位于丹江口库区丹江口市,2012年3~7月间,湖南省文物考古研究所对该遗址进行了抢救性考古发掘,揭露面积2784m2,出土石制品1954件;另采集石制品51件。古人类就地取材,选择河卵石为原料,石制品以大、中型为主。石制品类型包括石器、石核、石片、石锤、断块和备料。石器多以砾石为毛坯,由锤击法加工而成,制作相对粗糙、简单;大部分为正向加工;类型主要为砍砸器、刮削器和手镐。该遗址表现出中国南方旧石器时代主工业的鲜明特点,为研究晚更新世古人类在汉水流域的适应生存、开发过程提供了重要的资料。     

三峡洋安渡遗址石制品研究

洋安渡遗址位于重庆市奉节县,埋藏于长江右岸第2级阶地的上部,时代为新石器时代晚期。该遗址出土了丰富的石制品,包括石锤、石核、石片、碎屑和石器;其它遗物包括以大溪文化类型为主的陶片和大量动物残骸。石制品的原料来源为遗址附近长江河漫滩的砾石,岩性以石英砂岩为主。石片生产技术主要为以生产零台面石片为目标的摔碰法。石器类型包括砍砸器、刮削器、石斧毛坯、磨石和磨光石斧等;砍砸器和刮削器全部单面加工,技术熟练,加工简单,刃缘较长;石斧毛坯虽为打制,但形状规整,加工精致,是石器加工的重点;磨制石器数量少且残断。洋安渡遗址的石器兼有打制和磨制两大类,虽然石器加工的重点为磨制石斧,但打制技术依然重要,其一方面为磨制石斧打制合适的毛坯雏形,另一方面加工砍砸器、刮削器等打制石器满足临时和补充的使用。洋安渡遗址出土的石制品为了解长江三峡地区新石器时代的石器技术提供了直接的材料。     

山东省蒙阴县园艺场旧石器地点调查简报

园艺场旧石器地点发现于2016年6月,次年5月复查。文化层埋藏于蒙阴县蒙阴街道办、东汶河南岸低山冲沟西北面的阶地中,在夹杂角砾的浅黄色砂质黏土层中及地表发现石制品43件,包括石核、石片、石器、断块和残片。石料均采自附近河流阶地底部砾石层。剥片与石器修理均采用硬锤锤击法;石制品为小型和中型;石器包括刮削器和凹缺刮器2类,加工方向颇具特色,多为反向及转向;刮削器是主要类型。地貌与地层对比可知,石制品埋藏于上更新统地层中,推测遗址时代大致为晚更新世晚期。     

许昌灵井遗址2005年出土石制品的初步研究

本文是灵井遗址2005年出土石制品的初步研究成果。文化遗物埋藏于上、下两套湖相沉积层内。在90m2范围内,共出土石制品2 452件,动物化石(包括人工骨器)约3 000件。石制品采用大石英岩和小脉石英砾石为原料,类型包括石器、石核、石片、断块和石器等。打片和加工采用锤击法,少量采用砸击法。石器毛坯多为断片和断块,多数器型不规则,但也有一些精致加工的小石器。脉石英石器以刮削器为主,还有尖状器、雕刻器、钻器等。石英岩石器以砍砸器为主,兼有手镐和石球。两种石料石器类型形成互补。由于脉石英质石料占主导,石器总体以小型为主。灵井石器工业具有中国北方旧石器时代主工业的特点,部分砾石制作的砍砸器等反映了南方主工业的因素。从地层、遗物和古环境判断,2005年出土的石制品属于旧石器时代晚期,根据上下地层关系分析,本地区不存在中石器文化遗存。     

百色上宋遗址发掘简报

2002年广西文物考古研究所对百色市上宋遗址进行了抢救性的发掘,共出土了近300件石制品和玻璃陨石。石器类型有砍砸器、刮削器和手镐等。根据地质、地貌分析和出土遗物的特征,本次发掘区的地层堆积为次生堆积,所出土的遗物来自第四级阶地,其年代早于发掘区的地层堆积形成的年代。     

陕西洋县绿豆梁旧石器遗址出土的石制品

洋县绿豆梁遗址位于汉水北部一级支流金水河左岸的第四级阶地上。为了配合国家重点工程项目——南水北调西线“引汉济渭”工程的建设,2014～2015年对该地点进行了发掘,揭露面积126 m2,出土和采集不同类型的石制品656件。研究显示,早期人类加工石制品的原料来自于河漫滩或阶地古老砾石层中的砾石,岩性包括石英、石英岩、硅质灰岩、石英砂岩、花岗岩等。硬锤打击法是最主要的剥片方式。石制品包含石锤、石核、石片、石器、断块和碎屑等类型。遗址石器组合中既包括刮削器、尖状器、石钻等尺寸较小的轻型石器,也包含重型刮削器、砍砸器等重型石器。通过与位于相同阶地部位、相距2 km的金水河口遗址的测年数据和地层堆积序列对比,绿豆梁遗址的年代属于中更新世时期或更早的时段。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.