南四湖泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅随机扩增多态DNA分析初报

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对南四湖的泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）和大鳞副泥鳅（Paramisgurnus dabryanus）进行了初步分析。共用10个10bp的OPG组寡核苷酸片段作为引物,筛选出结果好的5个引物,从泥鳅4个体基因组DNA中扩增出142个片段,共有片段12个,特有片段5个;从大鳞副泥鳅3个体基因组DNA中扩增出101个片段,共有片段18个,特有片段5个,在总扩增出的243个片段中,共有片段仅4个。所有扩增片段大小介于0.2-3kb之间。用PoPGen32软件计算出个体间的遗传距离,依此进行UPGMA聚类得到的分子系统树与形态分类学的结果一致,这7个体被聚成2大类,正对应着形态学的2个种：泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅。     

两种泥鳅RAPD标记遗传稳定性分析

用从20个随机引物中筛选出的7个引物对泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）和大鳞副泥鳅（Paramisgurnus dabryanus）及其自交与杂交子代进行了RAPD遗传稳定性分析。结果表明,RAPD谱带主要呈孟德尔式遗传,该类带纹明亮稳定,在泥鳅子代中占99．11％;在大鳞副泥鳅子代中占100％;在杂交子代中占99．36％。也存在非孟德尔式遗传谱带,该类带纹较暗、稳定性差,在泥鳅子代中为0．89％;在杂交子代中为0．64％;在大鳞副泥鳅中未见此类带纹。实验结果说明RAPD谱带具有很高的遗传稳定性。     

大鳞副泥鳅LDH同工酶的发育遗传学研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术研究了大鳞副泥鳅早期发育过程(受精后0-227小时)和成体7种组织器官(脑、肾、骨骼肌、肠、心、肝和眼)中的LD H同工酶表达状况。结果表明,大鳞副泥鳅的LDH同工酶具有明显的组织特异性和发育阶段特异性。 Abstract:The pattern of expression of LDH isozymes was investigated in seven different adult tissues(brain,kidney,muscle,intestine,heart,liver and eye)and carly developmental stages of paramisgurnus dabryanus by polyacrylamide gel clectrophoresis.The results showed that the LDH isozymes of Paramisgurnus dabryanus exhibited a tissue-speeific distribution and an ontogenetic change clearly.     

Sox8基因HMG盒区内含子剪接位点分析

Sox基因参与广泛的发育调控过程.为了确定Sox8基因HMG盒区内含子的大小及剪接位点,通过计算机分析本室克隆得到的泥鳅Sox8基因包括HMG盒区在内的一段基因组序列,推测在HMG盒区可能存在一个内含子,进一步通过RT-PCR方法,克隆泥鳅Sox8基因HMG盒区cDNA片段,与基因组序列比较分析,确认在泥鳅Sox8基因的HMG盒区存在一个内含子,并确定了该内含子的序列及剪切位点.同时,比较分析了人和泥鳅Sox8在HMG盒区的内含子的剪切位点.结果显示,Sox8基因HMG盒区内含子剪切位点在进化上是保守的。 Abstract:Sox genes have diverse roles in developing processes,it was inferred there may be one intron in the HMG box by analyzing the genomic DNA sequence of the paramisgurnus dabryanus Sox8 gene.RT-PCR was used to verify the intron and its splicing site.First strand of the cDNA reverse-transcribed from liver RNA was amplified using the primers flanking the HMG box.RT-PCR products were cloned into the pUC18 plasmid and sequenced.The eomparison between the cDNA and genomic DNA sequence revealed the splicing site of the intron existing in the HMG-box of the paramisgurnus dabryanus Sox8 gene.We also compared the splicing site of the intron in the HMG-box of Sox8 gene between paramisgurnus dabryanus and human.These results suggest that the splicing site in the HMG-box of Sox8 gene was conserved.     

用DNA指纹图技术分析Wistar大鼠的遗传距离

采用JL-02多位点探针和Southern杂交对Wistar大鼠基因组进行了DNA指纹分析,并对国内最具有典型的6个地区9个Wistar大鼠群体内和群体间进行了DNA指纹分析比较。结果表明,DNA指纹图较好地反映了封闭群动物的遗传本质,具有良好的多态性。同一群体不同个体间Wistar大鼠遗传距离主要为0.2~0.6,将不同群体的Wistar大鼠DNA指纹图带进行分析表明,所有群体间的DNA指纹图的遗传距离在0.2~0.7。 Abstract:DNA fingerprinting of Wistar rat were studied with JL-02 Mulilocus probe and Southern hybridization,and comparing with different individuals of nine groups Wistar rat from six national classical area and different groups.It was indicated that DNA fingerprinting could reflect genetic material of outbred strain rat,and were more polymorphic.The genetic distances of Wistar rat were distributed for 0.2~0.6 among different individuals within same groups,and the genetic distances of Wistar rat were distributed for 0.2~0.7 among different groups．     

大鳞副泥鳅和泥鳅GNB2L1基因的克隆、表达及系统进化分析

由G蛋白β2亚基类似物1基因(GNB2L1)编码的蛋白激酶C受体(RACK1)是一个高度保守的锚定蛋白,属于WD40结构域蛋白家族成员,在细胞信号转导等生命过程中发挥着重要作用。本文采用RACE技术和基因克隆技术分别对大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)和泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)精巢组织的GNB2L1基因c DNA序列进行了克隆。序列分析表明,大鳞副泥鳅GNB2L1基因c DNA序列全长1 115 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长965 bp,编码317个氨基酸;泥鳅GNB2L1基因c DNA序列的开放阅读框长965 bp,编码317个氨基酸;两种泥鳅GNB2L1基因编码的蛋白与其他鱼类的RACK1蛋白的同源性为94%~97%,且不同进化地位物种的GNB2L1基因均由8个外显子和7个内含子组成。以GNB2L1基因为标记基因,构建的鱼类系统发育树显示,大鳞副泥鳅和泥鳅在进化上的亲缘关系最近。RT-PCR结果显示,GNB2L1基因在大鳞副泥鳅成体各组织中均有表达,且在脑组织的表达量高于其他组织。以上结果表明,GNB2L1基因为一个进化保守基因,可能在大鳞副泥鳅的细胞活动中发挥着重要作用。     

山羊β乳球蛋白基因的克隆及其在转基因小鼠乳汁中的高效表达 Goat β-lactoglobulin Gene Cloning and High Expression in the Mammary Gland of Transgenic Mice

通过长距离PCR从山羊基因组DNA分两段扩增山羊β乳球蛋白（β-lactoglobulin,BLG）基因,扩增出的两个片段分别克隆到T载体上,利用BLG基因序列自身存在的NarI单酶切位点进行拼接,获得了全长为7.2kb的山羊BLG基因克隆,并构建了它的真核表达载体,经酶切鉴定和序列分析证实了克隆的正确性。用线性化的BLG基因显微注射小鼠受精卵以建立转基因鼠,经PCR和Southern印迹分析证实获得了6只首建者（Founder）转基因小鼠（3♀,3♂）,在泌乳期采集两只F0代转基因雌鼠乳汁并用ELISA测定山羊β乳球蛋白的含量,其表达水平分别为23.49 mg/mL和2.19 mg/mL。 Abstract:To clone goat β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene,two fragments were amplified from goat genomic DNA by LD-PCR method.The fragments were inserted in T-vectors before being spliced into the whole 7.2 kb BLG gene at a single restriction enzyme site of NarI.Consequently,the eukaryotic expression vector was constructed.All the clones were proved to be correct by restriction enzyme cutting and sequencing analysis.Six Founders (3♀,3♂) of goat BLG transgenic mice were obtained by microinjection and BLG genes integration were confirmed by both PCR and Southern blot analyses.The milk was collected from two lactating female transgenic mice and goat BLG protein contents were measured with ELISA.The results showed that goat BLG protein in milk of the two mice were 23.49 mg/mL and 2.19 mg/mL,respectively.     

大鳞副泥鳅ZZ/ZW型性别决定的细胞遗传学证据

大鳞副泥鳅是鲤形目、鳅科的鱼类。其2n数为48,核型组成为12m+4sm+32 t(雄性),11m+5sm+32t(雌性)。根据银染带和C带特征分析,证实大鳞副泥鳅为ZZ/ZW型性别决定。Z染色体为中部着丝粒染色体,在其长臂端部有Ag -NOR存在。 W染色体为亚中部着丝粒染色体,在其长臂末端也有Ag-NOR存在,同时还有一深染的居间C带,这是W染色体独有的带纹特征。 Abstract:Paramisgurnus dabryanus belongs to Cypriniformes,Cobitidae.Its 2n is 48.The karyotype formula is 12m+4sm+32t(in male),11m+5sm+32t(in female).According to the Ag-NORs band and C-band patterns,we consider that its sex determination is of ZZ/ZW type.The Z chromosome is a metacentric one with Ag-NORs located on its arm end.The W chromosome is a submetacentric with Ag-NORs located on the terminal of its long arm.There is a darkly stained C-band on the long arm of W chromosome.This band is a characteric of the W chromosome.     

SCGE法检测敌敌畏对大鳞副泥鳅DNA损伤的研究

目的 采用SCGE技术检测敌敌畏对大鳞副泥鳅DNA的损伤效应.方法 设置敌敌畏0.64 μg/L、1.28μg./L、1.92μg/L、2.56μg/L、3.20μg/L 5个浓度组和一个空白对照组(15尾大鳞副泥鳅/组),通过单细胞凝胶电泳技术(scGE)研究各浓度敌敌畏处理组在分别处理l d、2 d、3 d后对大鳞...     

DNA指纹图带与鸡的蛋重性状的遗传相关分析

用蛋重大的和蛋重小的北京白鸡做亲本交配获得F1代个体,再用F1代个体交配得125只F2代个体。以人源小卫星DNA33.6做探针以上述125只鸡进行D NA指纹分析,发现其中有两条指纹图带与蛋重性状有关,经简单线型相关分析表明,这两条图带(D6.2和D6.3)的出现频率与蛋重的相关系数分别为-0.80和-0.81。 Abstract:Beijing White Chickens laying larger eggs and those laying smaller eggs were used as parental individuals for mating to produce the F1 progeny and then the F1 progeny individuals were mated to produce 125 individuals of the F2 progeny.Two bands associated with the egg weight trait were identified by DNA fingerprints of the 125 individuals generated with human minisatellite probe 33.6. The simple linear correlation analysis showed that the coefficients of correlation between frequencies of the two bands(D6.2 and D6.3)and egg weights are –0.8 and –0.81.     

两种泥鳅中PdSox8和PdSox9基因的染色体定位

应用染色体原位杂交技术,以地高辛标记的大鳞副泥鳅ＰｄＳｏｘ８和ＰｄＳｏｘ９基因片段为探针,研究了二者在泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅染色体组中的定位。结果表明,在大鳞副泥鳅中ＰｄＳｏｘ８、ＰｄＳｏｘ９分别于端部着丝粒染色体第４和第２号即１４和１２染色体上,信号位点距着丝粒的相对距离分别为４０．２％和６７．５％,在泥鳅中,则分别位于ｔ９、ｔ６上,信息位点距着丝粒的相对蹁分别为５８．３％和３０．８％。     

大鳞副泥鳅中Sox 9基因保守区的序列分析

应用特异于ＨＭＧ－ｂｏｘ区域的兼并引物,扩增了大鳞副泥鳅的Ｓｏｘ基因。在扩增产物中发现３条大小分别为２２０ｂｐ、５５０ｂｐ和１５００ｂｐ的扩增带。经克隆和ＤＮＡ序列分析,从片段５５０ｂｐ扩增带中得到一个新的基因片段,其可能编码的蛋白质氨基酸序列与人、鸡、小鼠的Ｓｏｘ９基因相似性最高,达到９４％;其与ＨＳＯＸ１０、ＭＳｏｘ１０、ＨＳＲＹ、ＭＳｒｙ的相似性分别为８７％、５５％、４０％和４７％。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

棉铃虫钙粘蛋白N端多肽多克隆抗体制备及对Bt抗性的初步检测

用重组表达的棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)中肠钙粘蛋白N端多肽片段制备兔多克隆抗体,并利用其对Bt抗性进行鉴定。通过RT-PCR方法对棉铃虫中肠钙粘蛋白N端多肽的基因片段Cad285进行PCR扩增,将其克隆到pET-30a原核表达载体中,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经IPTG诱导表达,得到35ku的重组融和蛋白,融合表达的包涵体经过变性、Ni-NTA柱亲和纯化、复性等方法处理包涵体,获得可溶性纯化蛋白,用纯化后蛋白免疫新西兰兔制备多克隆抗体,ELISA检测其效价高于1∶16000;利用最终获得的多克隆抗体对室内纯合Bt抗/感品系的棉铃虫中肠钙粘蛋白进行Western blot分析,结果显示敏感和抗性品系之间有明显差异,表明其能够应用对Bt抗性进行初步检测。