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1.
This study was initiated to examine accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and other metals in kidney and liver in autopsy samples and
to compare the levels between those in an area with heavy Cd exposure and those in no-polluted areas in Japan. Data on Cd
and other metals in kidney (cortex and medulla) and liver in 95 cases (87 women and eight men; the exposed) in a Cd-polluted
area and 43 cases (21 women and 22 men; the controls) in non-polluted areas were cited from 15 previous publications to be
summarized together with six unpublished cases. Cd levels in kidney cortex and medulla were significantly lower in the exposed
(31.5 and 23.8 μg/g wet tissue as GM, respectively) than in the controls (82.7 and 36.4 μg/g, respectively), whereas Cd levels
in liver was higher in the exposed (60.2 μg/g) than in the controls (8.1 μg/g). Exposed women had lower Cd in the cortex (29.9 μg/g)
and medulla (22.7 μg/g) than exposed men (55.4 and 38.1 μg/g, respectively) as well as in cortex of control women (92.9 μg/g).
Comparison with worldwide data other than Japan for non-exposed populations [19.1, 9.3, and 1.3 μg/g in cortex, medulla, and
liver, respectively, as the inverse variance-weighted averages (IVWA) of GM values for each of 22 reports] suggests that the
levels for the non-exposed Japanese (123.3, 33.5, and 3.9 μg/g as IVWA) tended to be higher than the levels in other countries,
possibly reflecting high dietary Cd intake in the past. 相似文献
2.
Masayuki Ikeda Shinichiro Shimbo Takao Watanabe Fumiko Ohashi Yoshinari Fukui Sonoko Sakuragi Jiro Moriguchi 《Biological trace element research》2011,139(3):269-286
Successful trials were made to estimate the dietary daily intake of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) via foods from the levels of
the metals in blood or urine. In practice, 14 and 15 reports were available for Pb and Cd in blood (Pb-B and Cd-B), urine
(Pb-U and Cd-U) and 24-h diet duplicates (Pb-D and Cd-D), respectively, from which 68 pairs each of Pb or Cd in blood and
food duplicates [each being geometric mean (GM) values for the survey sites] were obtained. Regression analysis revealed that
there was a significant correlation between Pb-B and Pb-D, and also between Cd-B and Cd-D, suggesting that it should be possible
to estimate both Pb-D and Cd-D from Pb-B and Cd-B, respectively. For Cd-U, the number of available cases was limited (20 pairs),
but a significant correlation was detected between Cd-U (as Cd-Ucr, or Cd levels in urine as corrected for creatinine concentration) and Cd-D. Care should be taken in estimating Pb-D from
Pb-B, as the ratio of Pb-D over Pb-B may decrease as a function of increasing Pb-B levels. The Pb-D (μg/day) for typical Japanese
women with Pb-B of 15 μg/l was best estimated to be 13.5 μg/day. No Cd-B- or Cd-Ucr-dependent change was detected in case of Cd. The best estimate of Cd-D for Cd-B at 1.5 μg/l should be about 19.4 μg/day. 相似文献
3.
Dietary Intake of Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead by the Population of Catalonia, Spain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) were determined in samples of food items widely
consumed by the population of Catalonia, Spain. All samples were randomly acquired in 12 cities of Catalonia between March
and June of 2006 and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The dietary intake of these elements was estimated
for various age–gender groups of population: children, adolescents, adults, and seniors. In order to determine the temporal
trend on the dietary exposure to As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, the current results were compared with those of a previous survey (2000).
In the present market basket study, for a standard male adult of 70-kg body weight living in Catalonia, the dietary intakes
of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were 261.01, 9.80, 12.61, and 45.13 μg/day, respectively, while in the 2000 survey, these intakes were
223.59, 15.73, 21.22, and 28.37 μg/day, for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, respectively. For As, the only food groups currently contributing
with measurable amounts to intake of total As were fish and shellfish and cereals, while for Cd the highest contribution to
total intake corresponded to pulses, tubers, and cereals. For Hg, the contribution was only due to fish and shellfish, while
cereals were the group with the highest contribution to total Pb intake. The estimated intakes of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb are notably
lower than the respective provisional tolerable weekly intakes, which indicate that these intakes should not mean additional
health risks for the consumers. 相似文献
4.
Uetani M Kobayashi E Suwazono Y Nishijo M Nakagawa H Kido T Nogawa K 《Biological trace element research》2006,110(2):107-117
We examined how the influence of smoking on blood and urinary cadmium (Cd) concentrations was modified by the level of environmental
Cd. We measured blood and urinary Cd concentrations of 1134 men over 50 yr of age in three areas in Japan that were exposed
to different levels of environmental Cd. Analysis of variance was used to compare Cd concentrations in blood and urine of
smokers with those of nonsmokers living in the three areas. Correlation coefficients between the number of cigarets smoked
per day or smoking indices (the number of cigarets smoked per day multiplied by the number of years smoked) and blood and
urinary Cd concentrations were calculated. No significant difference in Cd concentrations between smokers and nonsmokers was
observed in areas where the average Cd concentration in blood was over approx 2.4 ng/g, 2.0 μg/L in urine, and 2.3 μg/g creatinine
in urine, respectively. Therefore, it was suggested that an influence of smoking on blood and urinary Cd concentrations was
not observed in areas exposed to relatively high levels of environmental Cd. 相似文献
5.
Ikeda M Ezaki T Moriguchi J Fukui Y Okamoto S Ukai H Sakurai H 《Biological trace element research》2006,113(1):35-44
The critical Cd exposure level to induce tubular dysfunctions is a focus of public concern among general populations in Japan.
To answer this question, one group each (about 1000 adult women/area) in nonpolluted areas with high (Area H) and low Cd exposure
(Area L) was obtained, and 742 strictly age-matched pairs of never-smoking adult women were selected for comparison. Cd, α1-MG (microglobulin) and β2-MG in urine were taken as markers of exposure and tubular dysfunction, respectively. Geometric mean Cd levels as corrected
for creatinine (Cdcr) was greater than three times higher in Area H (2.8 μg/g cr) than in Area L (0.8 μg/g cr). Nevertheless, β2-MGcr did not differ between the two areas (125 μg/g cr for Area H vs 118 μg/g cr for Area L). α1-MGcr was only marginally higher in Area H (2.8 mg/g cr) than in Area L (2.1 mg/g cr), with no biomedical significance. Results
were essentially the same when analyses were conducted with noncorrected observed values or values corrected for a specific
gravity. Thus, the effects of Cd exposure in Area H on renal tubular function should be essentially nil. 相似文献
6.
Masayuki Ikeda Yasunari Fukui Fumiko Ohashi Sonoko Sakuragi Jiro Moriguchi 《Biological trace element research》2011,139(2):217-227
Recent publications in Japan suggest that Cd in river beds and locally harvested rice tend to be higher in seven prefectures
in the north-eastern part on the coast of the Sea of Japan (the high-Cd zone). The present study was initiated to investigate
the current level of exposure to Cd and possible health effects among local populations in the zone. Thus, levels of Cd and
three tubular dysfunction markers [i.e., α
1-MG, β
2-MG, and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG)] were examined in urine of local residents (700 and 704 adult women, respectively) in two prefectures
(prefecture 1 and prefecture 7), which were located in the north-east (prefecture 1) and south-west ends (prefecture 7) of
the high-Cd zone. Urinary Cd levels [e.g., 0.99 and 0.78 μg/l as geometric mean (GM) for observed (non-corrected) values,
respectively] in prefecture 1 and prefecture 7 were comparable to the levels in other parts of Japan (All Japan-A; 0.99 μg/l).
Correspondingly, GM values for α
1-MG (2.29 and 1.99 mg/l vs. 2.17 mg/l for All Japan-A) and for β
2-MG (87 and 80 μg/l vs. 99 μg/l for All Japan-A) were not elevated, and NAG also stayed unchanged (2.89 and 2.87 units/l for
prefecture 1 and prefecture 7, respectively). Evaluation in combination with the findings in other five prefectures in the
zone suggests that Cd exposure is equal to the national average both in prefecture 1 and in prefecture 7, whereas Cd exposure
appeared to be elevated in the central part of the zone. The observation appears to be on line with geographical location
of the two prefectures that they are on the two ends of the zone of high natural Cd background. 相似文献
7.
Hawkes WC Richter BD Alkan Z Souza EC Derricote M Mackey BE Bonnel EL 《Biological trace element research》2008,122(2):107-121
The essential nutrient selenium is required in microgram amounts [recommended dietary allowance (RDA) = 55 μg/day, 699 nmol/day]
and has a narrow margin of safety (upper tolerable intake limit = 400 μg/day, 5 μmol/day). We conducted a randomized placebo-controlled
study of high-selenium yeast, the form used in most supplements (300 μg/day, 3.8 μmol/day), administered to 42 free-living
healthy men for 48 weeks. Dietary intakes of selenium, macronutrients, and micronutrients were not different between groups
and did not change during the study. Supplementation more than doubled urinary selenium excretion from 69 to 160 μg/day (876
to 2,032 nmol/day). Urinary excretion was correlated with recent selenium intake estimated from 3-day diet records: urinary
selenium excretion = 42 μg/day (533 nmol/day) + 0.132 × dietary selenium intake, p < 0.001. Dietary selenium intake was not significantly correlated with the other indicators of selenium status, presumably
because urinary selenium excretion reflected recent intake, and tissue selenium was homeostatically controlled. After 48 weeks
of supplementation, plasma selenium was increased 60% from 142 to 228 μg/l (1.8 to 2.9 μmol/l), and erythrocyte selenium was
approximately doubled from 261 to 524 μg/l (3.3 to 6.6 μmol/l). Selenium concentrations increased more modestly in hair (56%)
and platelets (42%). Platelets were the only blood component in which glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly related
to selenium content. Selenium levels decreased rapidly after the end of supplementation, and there were no significant differences
in selenium status indicators between groups by week 96. The absorption, distribution, and excretion of selenium from high-Se
yeast were similar to selenium in foods. 相似文献
8.
Isabel Martorell Gemma Perelló Roser Martí-Cid Juan M. Llobet Victoria Castell José L. Domingo 《Biological trace element research》2011,142(3):309-322
The main purpose of this study was to establish the temporal trend in the daily dietary intake of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd),
mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) by the population of Catalonia, Spain. Concentrations of these elements were determined in samples
of a number of food items widely consumed in that country. The dietary intake of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb was then estimated for
various age–gender groups of population: children, adolescents, adults, and seniors. In the present study, the dietary intakes
of As, inorganic As, Cd, Hg, methylmercury, and Pb were 328.37, 16.22, 19.47, 11.39, 10.25, and 101.47 μg/day, respectively,
while in a previous (2006) survey, the dietary intakes of As, inorganic As, Cd, Hg, methylmercury, and Pb were 261.01, 33.17,
9.80, 12.61, 11.35, and 45.13 μg/day, respectively. The estimated intakes of Cd, Hg, and Pb are still notably lower than the
respective PTWIs, while that of inorganic As is also lower than its BMDL01. In summary, the results of this study indicate that, currently, the dietary intakes of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb should not mean
additional health risks for the consumers. 相似文献
9.
Molybdenum Content of Canadian and US Infant Formulas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Molybdenum is an essential trace nutrient in the human diet. Our purpose was to provide a comprehensive analysis of Mo content
of various types of powdered infant formulas across Canada and the USA. All infant formulas, available on the day of sampling,
were purchased from random supermarkets in Grand Forks, ND, USA; San Diego, CA, USA; Washington, DC, USA; and Winnipeg, MB,
Canada. Reference powdered milk, human milk (HM), and formula samples were weighed and acid-digested prior to analysis by
graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Mo content in all formulas ranged from 15.4 to 80.3 μg/L (mean ± SE, 37.7 ± 1.7 μg/L).
HM Mo concentration ranged from 1.5 to 9.5 μg/L (5.09 ± 0.81 μg/L). Formulas intended for full-term or for premature infants
feeding contained, on average, more Mo than HM. Formulas intended for infants with special needs contained similar mean Mo
levels to HM. No significant differences were detected between mean Mo values of formulas of a same type purchased from different
brands and/or at different locations. High Mo intake may pose health risks, despite lower bioavailability of Mo from formula
compared with HM. 相似文献
10.
Postpartum scalp hair samples from 82 term-pregnancy mother/neonate pairs were analyzed for their concentration of zinc (Zn),
copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Maternal and neonatal Zn concentrations
had geometric means (and 99% confidence intervals) of 122.5 μg/g (117.9–131.5 μg/g) and 146.9 μg (141.5–156.7 μg/g) respectively.
Corresponding Cu values were 18.4 μg/g (17.6–23.8 μg/g) and 6.7 μg/g (6.3–7.6 μg/g). Those of Cd were 0.49 μg/g (0.47–0.69
μg/g) in the mothers and 0.57 μg/g (0.55–0.86 μg/g) in the neonates. For Pb, they were 7.95 μg/g (7.60–9.32 μg/g) and 4.56
μg/g (4.39–5.56 μg/g). Cigaret smoking, despite its relatively low prevalence (19.5%), was associated with lower Zn and higher
Cd and Pb concentrations and in lower Zn/Cd and Zn/Pb molar concentration ratios. Smoking also altered interelemental relationships,
particularly those of Zn with Cd and Pb and those between Cd and Pb. Smoking frequency appeared to show negative dose-response
effects on maternal and neonatal Zn concentrations, Zn/Pb molar concentration ratios, and birth weight. Mothers with a history
of oral contraceptive (OC) usage had significantly higher Cu concentrations and lower Zn/Cu molar concentration ratios than
nonusers, with the highest Cu concentrations and lowest Zn/Cu values being associated with third-generation OCs. No similar
effects were elicited in the respective neonatal Cu concentrations. Neither alcohol consumption nor prenatal supplementation
with iron and/or folic acid had discernible effects on the maternal or neonatal elemental concentrations. The data from this
study suggest that in a given population of term-pregnancy mothers and neonates, significant interindividual variations in
hair trace element concentrations can occur, irrespective of commonality of general environment, and that lifestyle factors,
including cigaret smoking and OC usage history, can be significant contributory factors to such variations. The data are discussed
in relation to the effects of smoking-associated exposure to Cd and Pb exposure on Zn availability for placental transfer,
as well as on the quantitative maternal Zn supply levels to the fetus resulting from the known tendency of smokers to have
lower dietary intakes of Zn. The higher Cu concentrations in OC users are discussed in relation to altered Cu metabolism,
characterized by increased synthesis of the Cu-binding protein, ceruloplasmin, as an acute-phase antioxidant response to altered
lipid profile and increased lipid oxidation. 相似文献
11.
Jaume Folch Arturo Ortega Maria Cabré José L. Paternáin 《Biological trace element research》1998,63(2):113-121
The monitoring of heavy metals is important if adverse effects on health are to be avoided. In humans, metallothionein (MT)
has been used as a biomonitor for the assessment of cadmium (Cd). In the present study, subjects drawn from the population
of Tarragona Province (NE Spain) were investigated. Urinary MT, zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) concentrations, corrected for creatine
concentrations, were determined in 625 samples from healthy subjects aged between 10 and 65 yr. Mean values of MT and Cu in
females were higher than those in males, with levels of 29.5 (23.8) vs. 22.7 (24.9) μg MT/creatinine (p<0.001) and 4.8 (6.1) vs 3.4 (4.9) μg Cu/g creatinine (p<0.001). No differences between males and females were observed with respect to urinary Zn: 78.0 (66.4) vs 73.0 (85.5) μg/g
creatinine, respectively (p=0.332). Significantly higher MT, Zn, and Cu values were observed in the females aged 15–19 yr and, in the age group of 50–54
yr, only in the Zn and Cu values, when compared with those in males. Significant positive correlations of MT vs Zn and Cu
as well as correlations of Zn vs Cu levels were observed in both genders. The present findings confirm the proposed role of
MT as a biomonitor of mineral status. 相似文献
12.
The effect of dietary selenium supplementation on cadmium absorption and retention in suckling rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Selenium (Se) reduces cadmium (Cd) toxicity in adult animals, but its effects in newborn animals are still unknown. This study
investigated Cd (as CdCl2) absorption, distribution, and retention in suckling rats receiving oral Se supplementation (as Na2SeO3) in equimolar doses (8 μmol Cd and/or Se per kg b.w./day). Selenium was given either before and during Cd exposure (Sepre + Cd group; pre-treatment group) or only during Cd exposure (Se + Cd group). Rats were treated from postnatal day (PND) 6–14
as follows: controls (H2O, PND 6–14), Se (PND 10–14), Cd (PND 10–14), Sepre + Cd (Se PND 6–14 + Cd PND 10–14) and Se + Cd (Se + Cd PND 10–14). Selenium supplementation, especially pre-treatment, decreased
Cd levels in the blood, brain, liver and kidney of suckling rats. Selenium levels in plasma, brain, and kidney also decreased.
These findings suggest that higher Se intake could efficiently reduce Cd retention during the suckling period. 相似文献
13.
Qaisara Pasha Salman A. Malik Nazia Shaheen Munir H. Shah 《Biological trace element research》2010,134(2):160-173
Trace elements including Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, and Zn were analyzed in the scalp hair
samples of women with malignant breast lesions, women with benign breast lesions, and healthy donors using atomic absorption
spectrophotometric method. In the scalp hair of malignant-tumor patients, the highest average concentration was shown by Ca
(1,187 μg/g), followed by Na (655 μg/g), Mg (478 μg/g), Zn (391 μg/g), Sr (152 μg/g), Fe (114 μg/g), and K (89.8), while in
the case of benign-tumor patients, the average estimated element levels were 1,522, 1,093, 572, 457, 217, 80.4, and 74.7 μg/g,
respectively. Most of the elements exhibited non-normal distribution evidenced by large spread, standard error, and skewness
values. Mean concentrations of Ca (634 μg/g), Zn (206 μg/g), Mg (162 μg/g), Fe (129 μg/g), and Na (82.1 μg/g) were noteworthy
in the scalp hair of healthy women. Average levels of Na, Sr, K, Cd, Co, Pb, Mg, Ca, Zn, Ni, Sb, and Mn were revealed to be
significantly higher in the hair of malignant and benign patients compared to the healthy women; however, Fe, Cu, Al, and
Cr were not significantly different in the scalp hair of the three groups. The quartile distributions of Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, K,
Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Sr revealed maximum spread in the scalp hair of malignant and benign groups; nevertheless, Al,
Cu, Fe, and Zn exhibited almost comparable quartile levels in the three groups. Strong correlation coefficients were found
between Fe and Cd, Al and Na, Mn and Sr, Co and Cr, Cd and Cr, Pb and K, Pb and Mn, Cu and Na, and Al and Fe in the scalp
hair of malignant-tumor patients, while Fe and K, Cd and Co, Na and Co, and Cr and Pb showed strong correlations in the scalp
hair of benign-tumor patients, both of which were significantly different compared with the healthy subjects. Multivariate
cluster analysis also revealed divergent clustering of the elements in the scalp hair of malignant and benign patients in
comparison with the healthy women. 相似文献
14.
Greenhouse hydroponic experiments were conducted using Cd-sensitive (Xiushui63) and tolerant (Bing97252) rice genotypes to
evaluate genotypic differences in response of photosynthesis and phytochelatins to Cd toxicity in the presence of exogenous
glutathione (GSH). Plant height, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and biomass decreased in 5 and 50 μM Cd
treatments, and Cd-sensitive genotype showed more severe reduction than the tolerant one. Cadmium stress caused decrease in
maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and effective PSII quantum yield [Y(II)] and increase in quantum yield of
regulated energy dissipation [Y(NPQ)], with changes in Cd-sensitive genotype being more evident. Cadmium-induced phytochelatins
(PCs), GSH, and cysteine accumulation was observed in roots of both genotypes, with markedly higher level in PCs and GSH on
day 5 in Bing97252 compared with that measured in Xiushui63. Exogenous GSH significantly alleviated growth inhibition in Xiushui63
under 5 μM Cd and in both genotypes in 50 μM Cd. External GSH significantly increased chlorophyll content, Pn, Fv/Fm, and
Y(II) of plants exposed to Cd, but decreased Y(NPQ) and the coefficient of non-photochemical quenching (qN). GSH addition
significantly increased root GSH content in plants under Cd exposure (except day 5 of 50 μM Cd) and induced up-regulation
in PCs of 5 μM-Cd-treated Bing97252 throughout the 15-day and Xiushui63 of 5-day exposure. The results suggest that genotypic
difference in the tolerance to Cd stress was positively linked to the capacity in elevation of GSH and PCs, and that alleviation
of Cd toxicity by GSH is related to significant improvement in chlorophyll content, photosynthetic performance, and root GSH
levels. 相似文献
15.
Jasso-Pineda Y Díaz-Barriga F Calderón J Yáñez L Carrizales L Pérez-Maldonado IN 《Biological trace element research》2012,146(2):141-149
The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA damage and the capacity for DNA repair in children exposed to arsenic and lead.
During 2006, we studied a total of 85 healthy children (aged 4–11 years) who were residents of Villa de la Paz (community
A), Matehuala (community B), and Soledad de Graciano Sanchez (community C) in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. The quantification
of arsenic in urine (AsU) and lead in blood (PbB) was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The alkaline comet
assay was used to evaluate DNA damage and DNA repair. The highest levels of AsU and PbB in children were found in community
A (44.5 μg/g creatinine for arsenic and 11.4 μg/dL for lead), followed by community B (16.8 μg/g creatinine for arsenic and
7.3 μg/dL for lead) and finally by children living in community C (12.8 μg/g creatinine for arsenic and 5.3 μg/dL for lead).
When DNA damage was assessed, children living in community A had the highest DNA damage. Analysis of these same cells 1 h
after a challenge with H2O2 10 μM showed a dramatic increase in DNA damage in the cells of children living in community B and community C, but not in
the cells of children living in community A. Moreover, significantly higher levels of DNA damage were observed 3 h after the
challenge ended (repair period) in cells from individuals living in community A. Our results show that children exposed to
metals might be more susceptible to DNA alterations. 相似文献
16.
The concentrations of arsenic (As), beryllium (Be), cadmium (cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni),
lead (Pb), tin (Sn), thallium (Tl), and vanadium (V) were determined in a number of food items purchased in zones of Tarragona,
County (Catalonia, Spain) near a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI), which has been operating since 1999. Food samples corresponded
to the following groups: meat, fish and seafood, pulses, cereals, vegetables, fruits, tubers, whole milk, yogurt, eggs, and
sugar. Be and Tl were under their respective limits of detection in all samples. For the analyzed trace elements, the dietary
intake by the general population of Tarragona was 458.5 μg/d for As, 14.3 μg/d for Cd, 88.3 μg/d for Cr, 5.3 μg/d for Hg,
2421.4 μg/d for Mn, 138.3 μg/d for Ni, 44.8 μg/d for Pb, 34.6 μg/d for Sn, and 28.9 μg/d for V. Results were compared with
those found in a baseline survey carried out in the same area during the construction of the HWI (1996–1998). In general terms,
the dietary intake of metals in 2003 was comparatively similar to those found in the baseline survey. For the most toxic elements
(As, Cd, Hg, and Pb), it was under their respective Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) estabished by the FAO/WHO. 相似文献
17.
Urinary cadmium levels during pregnancy and postpartum 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Magnolia Hernandez Marta Schuhmacher Juan D. Fernandez Jose L. Domingo Juan M. Llobet 《Biological trace element research》1996,53(1-3):205-212
It is well established that pregnancy induces physiological, metabolical and hormonal changes. As a consequence, trace metal
metabolism can be affected. The aim of the present study was to assess the urinary cadmium levels in women during gestation
and postpartum. The survey was conducted in a group of nonoccupationally cadmium-exposed women from Southern Catalonia (NE,
Spain). Urine samples were obtained before pregnancy, during the 6th, 10th, 26th, and 30th wk of gestation, as well as during
the 5th and 24th wk after delivery. Urinary cadmium levels were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
The concentrations of zinc and copper in plasma were also measured. Moreover, to assess the effect of the diet during pregnancy,
dietary ingestions of zinc, iron, and calcium were also determined. A significant decrease of plasma zinc levels could be
observed during the last two trimesters of pregnancy, while plasma copper concentrations significantly increased during the
same period. Urinary cadmium concentrations ranged from 0.05 to 3.79 μg/g creatinine (geometric mean 0.49±2.26 μg/g creatinine).
No significant changes in urinary cadmium concentrations during pregnancy and postpartum could be observed. 相似文献
18.
Shariati F Esaili Sari A Mashinchian A Pourkazemi M 《Biological trace element research》2011,143(1):281-291
Metallothionein (MT) concentration in gills, liver, and kidney tissues of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) were determined following exposure to sublethal levels of waterborne cadmium (Cd) (50, 400, and 1,000 μg l−1) after 1, 2, 4, and 14 days. The increases of MT from background levels were 4.6-, 3-, and 2.8-fold for kidney, liver, and
gills, respectively. The results showed that MT level change in the kidney is time and concentration dependent. Also, cortisol
measurement revealed elevation at the day 1 of exposure and followed by MT increase in the liver. Cd concentrations in the
cytosol of experimental tissues were measured, and the results indicated that Cd levels in the cytosol of liver, kidney, and
gills increased 240.71-, 32.05-, and 40.16-fold, respectively, 14 days after exposure to 1,000 μg l−1 Cd. The accumulation of Cd in cytosol of tissues is in the order of liver > gills > kidney. Pearson correlation coefficients
showed that the MT content in kidney is correlated with Cd concentration, the value of which is more than in liver and gills.
Thus, kidney can be considered as a tissue indicator in A. persicus for waterborne Cd contamination. 相似文献
19.
The concentrations of As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Tl, and V were determined in hair of 96 school children and in blood
of 144 adults living in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) (Constantí, Tarragona County, Catalonia, NE Spain).
The results were compared with those obtained in previous (1998 and 2002) surveys performed in the same area. Data were analyzed
in terms of age, sex, and specific place of residence. Current mean concentrations in hair ranged between not detected (ND)
(As, Be, and Tl) and 1.31 μg/g for Cr. In blood, Be, Hg, Mn, Sn, and Tl levels were under the respective detection limits.
The mean blood concentrations of the remaining elements ranged from 0.34 μg/dL for Cd, to 2.40 μg/dL for Pb. Significant differences
in hair and blood in relation to gender were only noted for Pb in blood. In general terms, metal concentrations in hair and
blood from subjects living in Tarragona County are lower than most levels reported for other countries in recent years. 相似文献
20.
V. Ostry F. Malir T. Roubal J. Skarkova J. Ruprich M. Cerna E. E. Creppy 《Mycotoxin Research》2005,21(1):49-52
AFM1 was determined in 72 (72%) samples of human urine, range 19-6064 pg/g creatinine, mean 367 pg/g creatinine, median 158 pg/g
creatinine and 90% percentile 755 pg/g creatinine in 1997. AFM1 was determined in 46 (43.8%) samples of human urine, range 21-19219 pg/g creatinine, mean 414 pg/g creatinine, median 96
pg/g creatinine and 90% percentile 415 pg/g creatinine in 1998. OTA was determined in 2077 (94.2%) samples of human serum,
range 0.1–13.7 μg/L, mean 0.28 μg/L, median 0.2 μg/L and 90% percentile 0.5 μg/L in 1994–2002. OTA was determined in 12 (40%)
samples of human kidneys, range 0.1–0.2 μg/kg, mean 0.07 μg/kg, and median 0.05 μg/kg in 2001.
Presented at the 26th Mykotoxin-Workshop in Herrsching, Germany, May 17–19, 2004. 相似文献