异极藻科八个分类单位的分类学问题初探

利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对东北异极藻科植物３属８个分类单位即：异极藻属２种２变种１变型：细异极藻箭头变处Ｇ．ｓａｂｔｉｌｅ ｖａｒ．ｓａｇｇｉｔａ（Ｓｃｈｕｍ．．）Ｃｌ．Ｋ．,缢缩异极藻头状变种意大利变型Ｇ．ｃｏｎｓｔｒｉｃｔｕｍ ｖａｒ．ｃａｐｉｔａｔｕｍ ｆ．ｉｔａｌｌｉｃａ Ｍａｙｅｒ．,柔弱异极藻Ｇ．ｔｅｎｅｌｌｕｍ Ｋｕｔｚ．,半孔异极藻Ｇ．ｓｅｍｉａｐｅｒｔｕｍ Ｇｒｕｎ．长异极藻延长     

天麻3种变型过氧化物酶的同工酶研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）对天麻3种变型的过氧化物酶（POD）的同工酶进行了研究。结果表明,天麻3种变型的过氧化物酶的同工酶活性不同,酶谱条带数在5～7条之间,且具有特征谱带。其中乌天麻和红天麻的酶谱条带数相同,两者的酶谱条带数均多于绿天麻;绿天麻、乌天麻和红天麻的酶谱条数依次分别为5条、7条和7条;其中基本酶带有5条,Rf值分别为0．06、0．24、0．83,0．89、0．98;乌天麻与红天麻的相似度指数为0．86,说明这两个种亲缘关系近;乌天麻与绿天麻的相似度指数为0．71,反映它们之间的亲缘关系相对较远。     

天麻中抗真菌蛋白质的诱导和积累

前曾报告从天麻（Ｇａｔｒｏｄｉａ ｅｌａｔａ Ｂｌ）中分离出一种对木霉丝生长有强抑制作用的蛋白质,命名为天麻抗真菌蛋白,简称ＧＡＦＰ,也称为Ｇａｓｔｒｏｄｉａｎｉｎ。对不同天麻材料来源的ＧＡＦＰ分析表明：ＧＡＦＰ的相对分量为１４ｋＤ,等电点可能不同,变动范围８．１－９．３。体外抑菌试验证明ＧＡＦＰ对腐生性真菌如木霉如木霉和密环菌等有强抑制活性,半抑制浓度ＩＣ０．５为０．０８ｍｇ／ｍＬ;对寄生免疫荧     

齿叶山杨订正

将齿叶山杨Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｓｅｒｒａｔａ及其３个变型尖牙齿叶山杨ｆ．ａｃｕｍｉｎａｔｉ－ｇｅｍｍａｔａ,粗齿山杨ｆ．ｇｒｏｓｓｅｓｅｒｒａｔａ．心形齿叶山杨ｆ．ｃｏｒｄａｔａ并入汉白杨Ｐ．ｎｉｎｇｓｈａｍｉｃａ。     

黔产天麻的化学成分

从黔产天麻（Ｇａｓｔｒｏｄｉａ ｅｌａｔａ Ｂｌ．）中分离得到１个新的含氮化合物,命名为天麻羟胺（ｇａｓｔｒｏｄａｍｉｎｅ,Ⅰ）,经波谱分析,确定其结构为双－（对羟苄基）羟胺。除β－谷甾醇和胡萝卜甙外,同时还分离鉴定了３个已知化合的：Ｌ－焦谷氨酸（Ⅱ）、柠檬酸单甲酯（Ⅲ）、柠檬酸双甲酯（Ⅳ）,其中化合物Ⅱ和Ⅳ为首次报道从天麻中得到的。     

甘肃灵台上新世晚期红粘土中的哺乳动物化石

发现于甘肃灵台任家沟上第三系红粘土中的哺乳动物化石包括５目７科９种,Ｎｙｃｔｅｒｅｕｔｅｓ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｃｈａｒｄｉｎｏｍｙｓ　ｓｐ,Ｇｏｍｐｈｏｔｈｅｅｒｉｉｄａｅ,　Ｒｈｉｎｏｃｅｒｏｔｉｄａｅ,Ｈｉｐｐａｒｉｏｎ ｈｏｕｆｅｎｅｎｓｅ　Ｐａｒａｃａｍｅｌｕｓ　ｓｐ．,　Ｇａｚｅｌｌａ　ｂｌａｃｋｉ,　　Ｇａｚｅｌｌａ　ｓｐ．及Ａｎｔｉｌｏｓｐｉｒａ　ｌｉｃｅｎｔｉ．化石野外的产出层位距第四系黄土底界约２２ｍ,古地磁测定为３．４～３．５Ｍａ,即晚上新世早期（ＭＮ１６下部）。     

中国植物区系新记录种

报道了采自新疆地区的百花丹科、龙胆科、紫草科的４ 个中国新记录种———塔尔巴哈台彩花（ Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｌｉｍｏｎｔａｒｂａｇａｔａｉｃｕｍ Ｇａｍａｊｕｎ） 、西亚龙胆（ Ｇｅｎｔｉａｎａ ｓｅｐｔｅｍｆｉｄａ Ｐａｌｌａｓ） 、早春龙胆（ Ｇ．ｖｅｒｎａ Ｌ．ｓｕｂｓｐ． ｐｏｎｔｉｃａ Ｍ． Ｓｏｌｔｏｋｏｖｉｃ） Ｈａｙｅｋ 、塔城滨紫草（ Ｍｅｒｔｅｎｓｉａ ｔａｒｂａｇａｔａｉｃａ Ｂ．Ｆｅｄｔｓｃｈ ．） 。     

西南地区三种天麻变型巴利森苷类成分含量比较

本文对西南地区三种天麻变型的巴利森苷类成分含量进行了分析。结果表明西南地区不同天麻变型巴利森苷类含量间差异较大,其中四川广元红天麻巴利森苷A、C含量最高,分别为8. 770 mg/g和3. 827 mg/g;四川北川乌天麻巴利森苷B、E含量最高,分别为11. 461 mg/g和21. 010 mg/g,均与其他天麻材料间含量差异极显著;四川地区3种天麻变型巴利森苷B、E含量显著高于云南、贵州地区天麻变型,巴利森苷A、C含量在3地区间差异不显著。综合来看,西南地区天麻变型巴利森苷类含量整体差异较大,其中巴利森苷类含量以四川地区最高,其含量与天麻变型种类无关,总体上以四川北川的乌天麻巴利森苷类成分最高。     

蜜环菌的化学成分及应用研究

蜜环菌的化学成分及应用研究郭顺星,徐锦堂,肖培根,杨峻山（中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学药用植物研究所,北京１０００９４）由于中药天麻（Ｇａｓｔｒｏｄｉａｅｌａｔａ）及猪苓（Ｇｒｉｆｏｌａｕｍｂｅｌｌａｔａ）必须依靠蜜环菌（Ａｒｍｉｌｌａｒｉａｍｅｌ...     

中国植物区新记录种

报道了采自新疆地区的花丹科、一科、紫草科的４个中国新记录种－－塔尔巴哈台彩花９Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｌｉｍｏｎ ｔａｒｂａｇａｔａｉｃｕｍ Ｇａｍａｊｕｎ０、ｓｇｈｇｇｏ ｄｘ ｅｊｇ（Ｇｅｎｔｉａｎａ ｓｅｐｆｅｍｆｉｄａ Ｐａｌｌａｓ）、早春龙胆（Ｇ．ｖｅｒｎａ Ｌ．ｓｕｂｓｐ．ｐｏｎｔｉｃａ Ｍ． Ｓｏｌｔｏｋｏｖｉｃ）Ｈａｙｅｋ、塔城演紫草（Ｍｅｒｔｅｎｓｉａ ｔａｒｂａｇａｔａｉｃａ Ｂ．Ｆｅｄ     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.