平面POISSEUILLE流动血小板聚集行为实验研究

本文用特别设计的平面狭缝装置,获得稳定的平面Poisseuille流,对ADP诱导的正常人血小板血浆在不同剪切率下的聚集行为进行了实验研究。实验表明:在0<γ<100s~(-1)的范围内,〔ADP〕约1μM的条件下,当诱导时间t<10s时,血小板聚集率A与剪切率的依赖关系不明显;当t>10s时,γ越大,A越大;血小板聚集体的大小随距离X的增长而增长;血小板的聚集活性随时间的延长而降低,女性的血小板聚集率比男性的聚集率略大。     

竹叶青蛇毒血小板聚集剂的分离纯化及生化特性

经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－７５凝胶过滤和ＦＰＬＣＭｏｎｏＱ阴离子交换柱层析及Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｓｅ－１２凝胶过滤,从竹叶青蛇的蛇毒中纯化到一个能诱导人血小板聚集的均一组分．经ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定其分子量为６８０００左右．等电点为４．３．测定了它的氨基酸组成,对它活化血小板的作用机理进行了初步研究,结果表明它是一种强的血小板激动剂．     

紫锥菊提取物及酚酸化合物体外抗血小板聚集活性研究

为探究紫锥菊提取物及酚酸化合物体外抗血小板聚集活性,体外抗血小板聚集实验采用Born比浊法,以聚集抑制率和半数抑制浓度为指标评价。同时采用分子对接方法,选择凝血因子V(F5)、凝血因子VIII(F8)及凝血因子XI(F11)与酚酸类化合物进行虚拟对接,研究其抗血小板聚集的分子作用靶点。结果表明化合物S-1～S-10及其提取物对体外ADP诱导的血小板聚集有抑制作用,抑制率呈浓度依赖性,S-6与靶点的结合位点更多,选择性更强。紫锥菊中酚酸类化合物及其提取物在体外均显现出抗ADP诱导的血小板聚集活性,为紫锥菊体内研究提供依据。     

由ADP诱导的人血小板聚集的动力学模型

用比浊法测量富血小板血浆（ＰＲＰ）在ＡＤＰ诱导后的光密度变化作为血小板聚集程度量度的方法已经用了二十余年了,但至今讨论血小板聚集动力学的数学描述的文献还很少。本文基于Ｔ．Ａｂｃ提出的血小板聚集是一级反应的假定和我们的实验结果,我们发现由ＡＤＰ诱导的血小板聚集曲线可以分解为三项：１．可逆性聚集Ｔ１;２．可逆性聚集的解聚项Ｔ２;３．不可逆聚集Ｔ３,而总的聚集曲线可由Ｔ＝Ｔ１－Ｔ２＋Ｔ３表示。     

PKC、PKA和TPK在血小板激活中的作用

利用~（３２）Ｐ－ＮａＨ_２ＰＯ_４标记猪血小板,然后以ＰＭＡ、凝血酶、ＰＧＥ_１、腺苷等处理,结果表明,随着ＰＭＡ激活ＰＫＣ,血小板发生聚集。３５μｍｏｌ／ＬＰＧＥ_１或１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬｄｂｃＡＭＰ不能抑制５０ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ诱导的血小板聚集,腺苷却能抑制ＰＭＡ诱导的血小板聚集（ＥＣ_（５０）＝０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,ｄｂ－ｃＡＭＰ、腺苷都不能抑制１００ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ诱导的４０ｋＤ蛋白磷酸化。ＰＫＡ激活不能抑制ＰＭＡ激活的ＰＫＣ。在ＰＭＡ、凝血酶激活的血小板中,ＰＫＣ、ＴＰＫ都发生激活,４０ｋＤ底物既是ＰＫＣ的底物又是ＴＰＫ的底物,ＰＫＣ和ＴＰＫ在血小板聚集中起着重要的调节作用。     

丹心Ⅲ号和丹心Ⅴ号对血小板聚集功能的影响

本文观察了丹心Ⅲ号和丹心Ⅴ号对血小板聚集功能的影响,实验结果：丹心Ⅲ号和丹心Ⅴ号在体外均可显著抑制ＡＤＰ和花生四烯酸诱导的人血小板聚集,其ＩＣ５０分别为１．６０５ｍｇ／ｍｌ,２．５８９ｍｇ／ｍｌ,８．４１６ｍｇ／ｍｌ和６．６０６ｍｇ／ｍｌ;在体内可抑制连续给药１０ｄ大鼠血小板对ＡＤＰ和花生四烯酸诱导的血小板聚集,但对凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集无明显抑制作用。上述结果提示丹心Ⅲ号和丹心Ⅴ号对血小板聚集功     

竹叶青蛇毒血小板聚集剂的分离纯化及生化特性

经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－７５凝胶过滤和ＦＰＬＣ Ｍｏｎｏ Ｑ阴离子交换柱层析及Ｓｕｐｅｒｏｓｅ－１２凝胶过滤。从竹叶青蛇的蛇毒中纯化到一个能诱导人血小板聚集的均一组分。经ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测定其分子量为６８０００左右。等电点为４．３。测定了它的氨基酸组成。对它活化血小板的作用机理进行了初步研究,结果表明它是一种强的血小板激动剂。     

PKC,PKA和TPK在血小板激活中的作用

利用＾３２Ｐ－ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４标记猪血小板,然后,以ＰＭＡ,凝血酶,ＰＧＥ１腺苷等处理,结果表明,随着ＰＭＡ激活ＰＫＣ,血小板发生聚集,３５μｍｏｌ／ＬＰＧＥ１或１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬｄｂｃＡＭＰ不能抑制５０ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ诱导的血小板聚集,腺苷却能抑制ＰＭＡ诱导的血小板聚集（ＥＣ５０＝０．１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｄｂ－ｃＡＭＰ,腺苷都不能抑制１００ｎｍｏｌ／ＬＰＭＡ诱导的４０ｋＤ蛋白磷酸化,ＰＫＡ激活不能抑制Ｐ     

丹心Ⅲ号和丹心V号对血小板聚集功能的影响

本文观察了丹心Ⅲ号和丹心Ｖ号对血小板聚集功能的影响,实验结果：丹心Ⅲ号和丹心Ｖ号在体外均可显著抑制ＡＤＰ和花生四烯酸诱导的人血小板聚集,其ＩＣ５０分别为１．６０５ｍｇ／ｍｌ,２．５８９ｍｇ／ｍｌ,８．４ｌ６ｍｇ／ｍｌ和６．６０６ｎｇ／ｍｌ;在体内可抑制连续给药（３５０一７００ｍｇ／ｌｋｇ．ｄ）１０ｄ大鼠血小板对ＡＤＰ和花生烯酸诱导的血小板聚集,但对凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集无明显抑制作用。上述结果提示丹心Ⅲ号和丹心Ⅴ号对血小板聚集功能具有明显的抑制作用。     

精-甘-天冬-丝氨酸四肽对二磷酸腺苷诱导大鼠血小板活化的信号转导的影响

本工作在二磷酸腺苷（ＡＤＰ）活化的大鼠血小板上,观察精－甘－天冬－丝上肽（ＲＧＤＳ肽）对血小板聚集、蛋白磷酸化、蛋白激酶Ｃ和丝裂素活化蛋白激酶活性的影响。结果发现,５０μｍｏｌ／ＬＡＤＰ引起血小板聚集时,蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ０及丝裂经蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）活性增加,并引起９５和６６ｋＤ蛋白磷酸化。应用５０,１００和２００μｍｏｌ／ＬＲＧＤＳ肽与基共同孵育,呈浓度依赖地抑制ＡＤＰ引起的血小板聚集和对ＰＫ     

剪切应力诱导血小板聚集

剪切应力诱导血小板聚集（shear-induced platelet aggregation, SIPA）是指在高剪切流场诱导下血小板表面的膜糖蛋白（GPⅠb/Ⅸ/Ⅴ和GPⅡb/Ⅲa）与血浆中的von Willebrand因子（vWF）相结合,介导血小板的活化、黏附和聚集,是动脉血栓的重要成因.SIPA还需要Ca2+,ADP/ATP等生化因素的参与,因而SIPA现象是生化因素和力学因素偶合作用的结果.细胞外Ca2+是高剪切应力诱导血小板发生聚集的必需条件,Ca2+的跨膜内流引起细胞骨架结构的改变和GPⅡb/Ⅲa的活化.近来对ADP/ATP位于血小板膜上的P2受体的研究表明,P2受体与细胞内Ca2+协同作用通过多种生化途径调控血小板的活化过程在SIPA的信号传导中起着关键的作用.从力学环境与生化反应的偶合关系入手研究SIPA现象的触发机制,深入研究SIPA现象中的信号转导通路是今后的研究热点之一.     

Inhibition of shear stress-induced platelet aggregation by cilostazol,a specific inhdbitor of cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase,in vitro and ex vivo

Cilostazol(6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone) selectively inhibits cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase(PDE3) and is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by various agonists. Effect of cilostazol on shear stress-induced human platelet aggregation(SIPA) was examined in vitro and ex vivo. Cilostazol inhibited SIPA dose-dependently in vitro. The IC₅₀value of cilostazol for inhibition of SIPA was 15 ± 2.6 μM(m ± SE, n = 5), which was very similar to that(12.5 ± 2.1 μM) for inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Cilostazol potentiates the inhibition of SIPA by PGE₁, and enhances its ability to increase cAMP concentrations. A single oral adminstration of 100 mg cilostazol to healthy volunteers produced a significant inhibition of SIPA. This study demonstrates that cilostazol is an effective inhibitor of SIPA, which may be important for the prevention and the treatment of arterial occlusive diseases.     

Cytometric analysis of high shear-induced platelet microparticles and effect of cytokines on microparticle generation

BACKGROUND: Microparticles released from platelets may play a role in the normal hemostatic response to vascular injury, because they exhibit prothrombinase activity. Microparticles are generated by high shear stress and may be formed in diseased small arteries and arterioles in various clinical settings. However, the surface composition of high shear-induced platelet microparticles is unknown. It was recently shown that some cytokines modulate platelet activation. However, no reports are available concerning the effect of cytokines on high shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) microparticle generation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Measurement of SIPA was performed with a cone-plate viscometer. The conformational characteristics of high shear (108 dynes/cm(2))-induced platelet microparticles were analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Effects of cytokines for high SIPA microparticle generation were also analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS: The overall pattern of monoclonal antibody binding in high shear-induced microparticles was almost the same as that in activated platelets under high shear stress. Microparticles exhibited markedly increased Annexin V binding. In fluorescent confocal images, small and fine regions of fluorescence (microparticles) were recognized separate from platelet fluorescence. Thrombopoietin not only induced platelet activation, as demonstrated by CD62P expression, but also increased the number of microparticles. Erythropoietin and interleukin-6 enhanced only microparticle generation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that microparticles possessing procoagulant activity are released by platelet activation when levels of certain cytokines increase under high shear stress in various clinical settings.     

Platelets undergo phosphorylation of Syk at Y525/526 and Y352 in response to pathophysiological shear stress

Atherosclerotic plaques can lead to partial vascular occlusions that produce abnormally high levels of arterial wall shear stress. Such pathophysiological shear stress can promote shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA), which has been linked to acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and stroke. This study investigated the role of the tyrosine kinase Syk in shear-induced human platelet signaling. The extent of Syk tyrosine phosphorylation induced by pathophysiological levels of shear stress (100 dyn/cm²) was significantly greater than that resulting from physiological shear stress (10 dyn/cm²). With the use of phospho-Syk specific antibodies, these data are the first to show that key regulatory sites of Syk at tyrosines 525/526 (Y525/526) and tyrosine 352 (Y352) were phosphorylated in response to pathophysiological shear stress. Increased phosphorylation at both sites was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of Syk using two different Syk inhibitors, piceatannol and 3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl-methylene)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide (OXSI-2), and by inhibition of upstream Src-family kinases (SFKs). Shear-induced response at the Syk 525/526 site was ADP dependent but not contingent on glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa ligation or the generation of thromboxane (Tx) A₂. Pretreatment with Syk inhibitors not only reduced SIPA and Syk phosphorylation in isolated platelets, but also diminished, up to 50%, the platelet-mediated thrombus formation when whole blood was perfused over type-III collagen. In summary, this study demonstrated that Syk is a key molecule in both SIPA and thrombus formation under flow. Pharmacological regulation of Syk may prove efficacious in treating occlusive vascular disease. GPIb; GPIIb-IIIa; signal transduction; thrombosis; collagen     

Calpain activation in shear-induced platelet aggregation

Fluid shear stress has been known to activate platelet reaction such as aggregation, but the exact mechanism of shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA) has not been fully understood. Calpain, an intracellular calcium-activated cysteine protease, is abundant in platelets and is considered to be activated and involved in the proteolytic processes during platelet activation. A possible activation of calpain in SIPA was investigated, employing a newly developed aggregometer and specific monoclonal antibodies to detect activation of calpain. When a shear stress gradient varying between 6 and 108 dyn/cm² was applied to platelets, activation of μ-calpain was observed only in high-shear-stressed platelets, resulting in the proteolysis of talin. At 1 min after the onset of constant high shear stress of 108 dyn/cm², μ-calpain activation and proteolysis of talin were detected and increased in a time-dependent manner. Constant shear stress more than 50 dyn/cm², applied for 5 min, caused μ-calpain activation and proteolysis of talin, which were increased in a shear-force-dependent manner. Calpeptin, a calpain-specific peptide antagonist, caused the complete inhibition of both μ-calpain activation and proteolysis of talin, while SIPA profiles with calpeptin showed almost no change compared to those without calpeptin. These results suggest the possibility of calpain involvement in late phases of shear-induced platelet activation such as cytoskeletal reorganization. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:54–64, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

离体血流循环切应力水平控制方法的研究

本文应用流体力学及血流动力学理论和分析方法,建立了离体心血管循环系统的切应力水平控制方法。并采用该方法研制可精确控制切应变水平的模拟在体血流动力学环境的层流流动装置,用于研究动力学因素对人工培养的内皮细胞生物学特性影响。     

SIPA1 boosts migration and proliferation,and blocks apoptosis of glioma by activating the phosphorylation of the FAK signaling pathway

BackgroundWe aimed to analyze the regulatory effects of SIPA1 (signal-induced proliferation-associated protein 1) on glioma progression and the dominant signaling pathway.MethodsDifferential level of SIPA1 in glioma and normal tissues and cells was determined. Migratory, proliferative, apoptotic and cell cycle progression changes in A172 cells with overexpression or knockdown of SIPA1 were examined. Finally, protein levels of phosphorylated FAKs in A172 cells intervened by SIPA1, and the FAK inhibitor PF562271 were detected.ResultsSIPA1 was upregulated in glioma cases. Knock-down of SIPA1 reduced migratory and proliferative rates of glioma cells, increased apoptotic cell rate, and declined cell ratio in the S phase. The knockdown of SIPA1 also downregulated cell cycle proteins. In addition, SIPA1 upregulated phosphorylated FAKs in A172 cells and thus boosted malignant phenotypes of glioma.ConclusionsSIPA1 is upregulated in glioma that boosts migratory and proliferative potentials of glioma cells by activating the phosphorylation of the FAK signaling pathway.     

ATP augments von Willebrand factor-dependent shear-induced platelet aggregation through Ca2+-calmodulin and myosin light chain kinase activation

Shear stress triggers von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding to platelet glycoprotein Ibalpha and subsequent integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3)-dependent platelet aggregation. Concomitantly, nucleotides are released from plateletdense granules, and ADP is known to contribute to shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA). We found that the impaired SIPA of platelets from a Hermansky-Pudlak patient lacking dense granules was restored by exogenous l-beta,gamma-methylene ATP, a stable P2X(1) agonist, as well as by ADP, confirming that in addition to ADP (via P2Y(1) and P2Y(12)), ATP (via P2X(1)) also contributes to SIPA. Likewise, SIPA of apyrase-treated platelets was restored upon P2X(1) activation with l-beta,gamma-methylene ATP, which promoted granule centralization within platelets and stimulated P-selectin expression, which is a marker of alpha-granule release. In addition, during SIPA, platelet degranulation required both extracellular Ca(2+) and VWF-glycoprotein Ibalpha interactions without involving alpha(IIb)beta(3). Neither platelet release nor SIPA was affected by protein kinase C inactivation, even though protein kinase C blockade inhibits platelet responses to collagen and thrombin in stirring conditions. In contrast, inhibiting myosin light chain (MLC) kinase with ML-7 reduced platelet release and SIPA by 30%. Accordingly, the potentiating effect of P2X(1) stimulation on the aggregation of apyrase-treated platelets coincided with intensified phosphorylation of MLC and was abrogated by ML-7. SIPA-induced MLC phosphorylation occurred exclusively through released nucleotides and selective antagonism of P2X(1) with MRS2159-reduced SIPA, ATP release, and potently inhibited MLC phosphorylation. We conclude that the P2X(1) ion channel induces MLC-mediated cytoskeletal rearrangements, thus contributing to SIPA and degranulation during VWF-triggered platelet activation.     

The contribution of SIPA1 and RRP1B germline polymorphisms to breast cancer phenotype,lymph node status and survival in a group of Lithuanian young breast cancer patients

The germline polymorphisms in signal-inducing proliferation-associated protein 1 (SIPA1) and ribosomal RNR processing 1B (RRP1B) might be involved in breast cancer metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyze how SIPA1 and RRP1B polymorphisms contribute to breast cancer phenotype, lymph node status and survival. A group of 100 young, I–II stage breast cancer patients were analyzed for SIPA1 and RRP1B polymorphisms with PCR-RFLP assay. SIPA1 c.2760G?>?A, c.545C?>?T and RRP1B c.436T?>?C polymorphisms were associated with lymph node status, survival and tumor grade, respectively. Our results suggest that SIPA1 and RRP1B germline polymorphisms are important for breast cancer prognosis.     

Effect of polyclonal activators on cytokine production by blood cells and by malignant breast cancer cells

The production of cytokines by peripheral blood cells and biopsy specimens of tumors stimulated by polyclonal activators (PAs) was evaluated in 34 patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive correlation between the stimulation index of polyclonal activators (SIPA) for IL-18 production by the tumor and the relative content of poorly differentiated cells was revealed. The latter, in turn, was positively correlated with the numbers of normal and pathologic mitoses and the degree of malignancy. Cancer cells can produce IL-18, which is involved in the process of angiogenesis, stimulates invasion and metastasis. Decrease in SIPA for the production of IL-6 and GCSF by peripheral blood cells could serve as an indicator of malignant progression in invasive ductal breast carcinoma.