剪夏罗鲜汁及黄酮组分对体外Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒的抑制作用

在人胚肺纤维母细胞体外培养系统中,以微量单层细胞病变法观察剪夏罗（ＬｙｃｈｎｉｓｃｏｒｏｎａｔａＴｈｕｎｂ．）鲜汁液及其黄酮组分对体外Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒增殖性感染的抑制作用。剪夏罗高浓度鲜汁液（１∶５０、１∶２０及１∶１０稀释液）及其高浓度黄酮组分Ⅰ、Ⅱ（＞１００μｇ／ｍｌ）对细胞有明显的毒性作用;剪夏罗鲜汁液１∶１００～１∶４００稀释液,可明显抑制病毒复制,使病毒诱导的细胞病变明显减轻,培养液中子代病毒感染滴度明显下降,且培养上清液中病毒感染滴度与鲜汁液和黄酮组分的浓度呈直线负相关;剪夏罗鲜汁液的黄酮组分Ⅰ、Ⅱ在１０μｇ／ｍｌ～０１μｇ／ｍｌ浓度范围内对病毒诱导的细胞病变有明显的抑制作用。     

大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞培养及鉴定

取大鼠周边肺组织进行肺微血管内皮细胞培养。将肺组织切成小块,用含有２０％新生牛血清、肝素９０μｇ／ｍｌ、Ｌ－谷胺酰胺４ｍｍｏｌ、青霉素１００Ｕ／ｍｌ和链霉素１００μｇ／ｍｌ的ＲＰＭＩ－１６４０培养基培养。血细胞立即从肺组织周围游出。继而是肺微血管内皮细胞。成纤维细胞及其他细胞７２ｈ才游出。培养６０ｈ后取出肺组织块,培养瓶中只有微血管内皮细胞和血细胞。后者可通过传代除去。获得的肺微血管内皮细胞具有规律的鹅卵石样形态和对异植物血凝素结合试验及八因子相关抗原免疫荧光染色均阳性。     

喹诺酮类药物抗乙型肝炎病毒体外实验研究

本文以２．２．１５细胞株为模型,以ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ、细胞存活率为观察指标,综合评价了喹诺酮类药物吡哌酸（ＰｉｐｅｍｉｄｉｃＡｃｉｄ）、氟哌酸（Ｎｏｒｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ）、环丙氟哌酸（Ｃｉｐｒｏｆｌｏｓｘａｃｉｎ）、氟嗪酸（Ｏｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ）体外抗ＨＢＶ效果。结果表明：吡哌酸、氟哌酸、环丙氟哌酸、氟嗪酸对ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ５０％抑制浓度（ＩＤ＿（５０））分别为１１μｇ／ｍｌ、６４μｇ／ｍｌ、９３μｇ／ｍｌ、１０５μｇ／ｍｌ和１９９μｇ／ｍｌ、１１１μｇ／ｍｌ、２４μｇ／ｍｌ、２１７μｇ／ｍｌ,细胞存活率为５０％时的药物浓度（ＣＤ＿（５０））分别为２１９μｇ／ｍｌ、９０μｇ／ｍｌ、１８１μｇ／ｍｌ、１６９μｇ／ｍｌ,在所选定的用药浓度范围内不同程度抑制培养上清液及细胞内ＨＢＶＤＮＡ及其复制中间体的产生。尤其对超螺旋结构ＤＮＡ（ｓｃＤＮＡ）有不完全抑制作用。     

甲基毒死蜱对红细胞乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用及其与膜脂相互关系

以人红细胞膜为材料,研究了甲基毒死蜱与膜上乙酰胆碱酯酶的相互作用及其与膜脂的关系。结果显示,甲基毒死埤对人红细胞ＡＣｈＥ有明显的抑制作用,与膜温育３０ｍｉｎ,其半数抑制浓度约为０．１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ。动力学分析表明,其抑制作用为非竞争性。０．２％Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００并不改变ＡＣｈＥ对甲基毒死蜱的敏感性,亦即ＡＣｈＥ上甲基毒死蜱的作用部位与其所处的脂质微环境无关。     

神经节苷脂对脂多糖损伤大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞的保护作用

目的：研究内源性神经节苷脂对大鼠嗜铬细胞瘤细胞株（PC12）脂多糖（LPS）损伤后的作用及机制。方法：培养PC12细胞,建立LPS损伤模型,采用MTT法检测不同浓度LPS对PC12细胞存活率的改变、葡萄糖神经酰胺合成酶抑制剂D（D-PDMP）耗竭内源性神经节苷脂时LPS对PC12细胞存活率的改变以及添加外源性神经节苷脂GM1后对PC12细胞存活率的保护作用;倒置显微镜和荧光显微镜观察细胞状态;RT-PCR检测NF-κB的相对表达含量。结果：LPS能导致PC12细胞形态学的改变及存活率下降,且随着LPS浓度的增加细胞存活率逐渐降低;神经节苷脂GM1能明显改善LPS所致的细胞形态学以及存活率的改变;工具药D-PDMP耗竭内源性神经节苷脂后,LPS对PC12细胞的损伤更严重,添加外源性神经节苷脂GM1,细胞形态学及存活率得到明显改善,细胞存活率上升;LPS损伤时细胞内NF-κB含量增加;D-PDMP预先耗竭内源性神经节苷脂时NF-κB含量增加更多;添加外源性神经节苷脂GM1后NF-κB含量降低。结论：内源性神经节苷脂对PC12细胞LPS损伤具有保护作用,可能是通过NF-κB信号通路来发挥作用的。     

细菌转化黑色素的抗流感病毒作用

采用敏感的ＭＴＴ法测定了嗜麦芽假单胞菌转化黑色素的抗流感病毒作用。测定结果表明：纯化的黑色素毒性极低,对ＭＤＣＫ细胞的无毒界限为０．２ｍｇ／ｍｌ,远高于其有效的作用浓度;１０～２０μｇ／ｍｌ的黑色素能有效抑制流感病毒（血凝效价１∶３２）致细胞病变。病毒感染７２ｈ后用ＭＴＴ法测定,其宿主ＭＤＣＫ细胞保护百分率达９５％以上;此外,加黑色素后的ＭＤＣＫ细胞,抗流感病毒感染的能力优于目前抗病毒的有效药物病毒唑,前者的最佳作用浓度（２０μｇ／ｍｌ）比后者（１００μｇ／ｍｌ）低５倍。可以认为嗜麦芽假单胞菌转化黑色素具有毒性低、抗流感病毒能力强的特点     

Triton X－100对紫膜蛋白的效应

本文采用同步辐射小角Ｘ射线散射方法研究了用非离子表面活性剂ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ—１００处理后的嗜盐菌紫膜及其视紫红质蛋白结构的变化。实验结果表明,用不同浓度的ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ—１００处理紫膜碎片时,紫膜及其蛋白所处的状态有着很大变化。     

人肾细胞癌细胞阳离子脂质体的转染效率

以ＭＴＳ染色法测定实验剂量的Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ对细胞的毒性作用,以β－半乳糖苷酶基因为报告基因,通过Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ而转染,用Ｘ－ｇａｌ染色法,测定转染效率,结果表明实验剂量（１０μｇ／ｍｌ）的Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ对细胞生长无明显毒性。Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ对多数肾细胞癌细胞的转染是有效的,且转染效率随Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ 度的增高（２．５－１０μｇ／ｍｌ）而增高,说明Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ可安     

GM1激活环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶的作用

神经节苷脂ＧＭ１能激活ＣａＭ依赖性环核苷酸磷酸二酯酶,其ＡＣ为５０为１．５６μｇ／ｍｌ,这种作用并不一定依赖Ｃａ＾２＋的存在,在有Ｃａ＾２＋存在时,ＧＭ１对ＰＤＥ的最大激活活性低于ＣａＭ,仅为ＣａＭ的８０．４％;没有Ｃａ＾２＋存在时,ＧＭ１与ＣａＭ对ＰＤＥ有同样的最大激活活性。     

灵芝多糖对人脐血LAK细胞活性的影响

本文研究了灵芝多糖（ＧＬＰ）对人脐血ＬＡＫ（ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ）细胞活性的影响,结果发现,单独ＧＬＰ能刺激人脐血单个核细胞（ＣＢＭＣ）增殖,但不能诱导ＬＡＫ活性,当与５０ｕ／ｍｌｒＩＬ—２伍用时,可增殖ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ细胞诱导活性,不同剂量ＧＬＰ（０．５—１００μｇ／ｍｌ）影响作用不同,以１０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度最好．在不同浓度ｒＩＬ—２（１０—１００ｕ／ｍｌ）诱导ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ细胞过程中加入ＧＬＰ（１０μｇ／ｍｌ）,可明显提高细胞增殖能力,减少ｒＩＬ—２用量。ＧＬＰ亦能促进效应阶段ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ细胞对Ｒａｊｉ肿瘤靶细胞的杀伤作用（Ｐ＜０．００１）。由此看出,ＧＬＰ具有增强ＣＢ—ＬＡＫ细胞活性的作用,是一很好的生物反应调节剂（ＢＲＭ）,有必要进行深入的研究。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.