盐胁迫下盐穗木差异表达基因的转录组信息分析

盐穗木是一种理想的耐盐模式植物,本文利用生物信息学方法分析盐穗木在盐胁迫下差异表达基因的转录组,为盐穗木耐盐机理及耐盐关键基因的储备提供理论依据。基于盐穗木在盐胁迫（600 mM NaCl）下差异表达的转录组数据,以代谢通路中基因表达数量最多的7条通路和与胁迫刺激响应相关的共8条通路为主要研究内容,筛选出上调和下调表达差异显著的unigene,将其与NCBI数据库中所有物种相关基因进行Blastx比对,筛选出通路中上调和下调差异表达最显著的unigene,同时对差异表达活跃的unigene进行分类汇总。共得到23组差异表达活跃的基因类群,分别是乙烯响应因子、WRKY转录因子、Myb转录因子、bZIP转录因子、葡聚糖酶、6-磷酸脱氢酶、醛脱氢酶、柠檬酸合成酶、蛋白激酶等,推测这些类群的基因在盐穗木耐盐机制中发挥重要作用。     

仙姑弹琴蛙蝌蚪对陌生捕食者克氏原螯虾的反捕反应

以峨眉山的仙姑弹琴蛙 (Ranadaunchina)蝌蚪作为猎物 ,该地区潜在的入侵物种克氏原螯虾 (Procambarusclarkii)为捕食者 ,于冬季设计实验观察仙姑弹琴蛙蝌蚪对陌生入侵捕食者的反捕行为反应。实验按照 3× 3× 2因子设计 ,即 :捕食者状况 3个水平 (食植物的克氏原螯虾、食蝌蚪的克氏原螯虾和无捕食者 ) ,蝌蚪年龄组 3个水平(31- 35期的 2 .5龄蝌蚪、2 6 - 30期的 1.5龄蝌蚪和 2 5期的 0 .5龄蝌蚪 ) ,以及蝌蚪短期经验 2个水平 (有经验和无经验 )。实验发现 :有短期被捕食经验的蝌蚪的活动时间极显著低于无被捕食经验的蝌蚪 ,而静止时间以及隐蔽所利用时间却极显著地高于无经验的蝌蚪 ;短期经验和捕食者状况的交互效应对蝌蚪的活动时间有显著影响 ;而蝌蚪年龄、捕食者状况及其交互效应对蝌蚪的行为反应没有显著影响。这表明 ,有短期被捕食经历的仙姑弹琴蛙蝌蚪并未通过个体学习建立起对陌生捕食者克氏原螯虾的识别能力 ,而是表现出无针对性的活动性受抑、隐蔽时间增加的行为反应。如果自然条件下的仙姑弹琴蛙蝌蚪也有类似反应 ,在克氏原螯虾入侵初期 ,仙姑弹琴蛙蝌蚪则可能会由于无法识别新的捕食者而表现出过度的反捕行为反应 ,承受更大的亚致死作用 ,而对种群生存造成不利影响     

低温胁迫下意大利蜜蜂预蛹的差异表达基因趋势分析

【目的】蜜蜂是典型的具有发育狭温性的全变态昆虫。本研究以对低温最敏感的意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica预蛹为研究对象,通过低温胁迫不同时间的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs)趋势分析,探讨低温胁迫对蜜蜂发育影响的关键基因。【方法】对3日龄意大利蜜蜂封盖子预蛹进行20℃低温胁迫18 h(T18)和36 h(T36),以未经低温胁迫的预蛹为对照(CK),通过Illumina HiSeq^TM平台进行转录组学测定。利用Short Time-series Expression Miner(STEM)软件对2个处理组与对照组比较共有的差异表达基因进行趋势分析,再进一步对显著富集趋势模式中富集的差异表达基因进行GO分类和KEGG pathway分析。利用RT-qPCR对随机挑选的5个DEGs的表达模式进行验证。【结果】对检测到1 062个T18 vs CK和T36 vs CK共有的DEGs进行趋势分析,发现3个显著的基因表达模式,包括2个上调表达模式(Profile 6,有539个基因;Profil...     

Analysis of differentially expressed genes in abiotic stress response and their role in signal transduction pathways

The study of abiotic stress response of plants is important because they have to cope with environmental changes to survive. The plant genomes have evolved to meet environmental challenges. Salt, temperature, and drought are the main abiotic stresses. The tolerance and response to stress vary differently in plants. The idea was to analyze the genes showing differential expression under abiotic stresses. There are many pathways connecting the perception of external stimuli to cellular responses. In plants, these pathways play an important role in the transduction of abiotic stresses. In the present study, the gene expression data have been analyzed for their involvement in different steps of signaling pathways. The conserved genes were analyzed for their role in each pathway. The functional annotations of these genes and their response under abiotic stresses in other plant species were also studied. The enzymes of signal pathways, showing similarity with conserved genes, were analyzed for their role in different abiotic stresses. Our findings will help to understand the expression of genes in response to various abiotic stresses. These genes may be used to study the response of different abiotic stresses in other plant species and the molecular basis of stress tolerance.     

Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with mitoxantrone treatment prostate cancer

The global physiological function of specifically expressed genes of mitoxantrone (MTX)‐resistant prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear. In this study, gene expression pattern from microarray data was investigated for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MTX‐resistant PCa xenografts. Human PCa cell lines DU145 and PC3 were cultured in vitro and xenografted into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, treated with MTX intragastrically, three times a week until all mice relapsed. Gene expression profiles of the xenografts from castrated mice were performed with Affymetrix human whole genomic oligonucleotide microarray. The Cytoscape software was used to investigate the relationship between proteins and the signalling transduction network. A total of 355 overlapping genes were differentially expressed in MTX‐resistant DU145R and PC3R xenografts. Of these, 16 genes were selected to be validated by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) in these xenografts, and further tested in a set of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded and optimal cutting temperature (OCT) clinical tumour samples. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that these DEGs were closely related to cellular activity, androgen synthesis, DNA damage and repair, also involved in the ERK/MAPK, PI3K/serine‐threonine protein kinase, also known as protein kinase B, PKB (AKT) and apoptosis signalling pathways. This exploratory analysis provides information about potential candidate genes and may bring new insights into the molecular cascade involvement in MTX‐resistant PCa.     

基于转录组测序的宁夏枸杞不同品种果实活性成分合成差异表达基因分析

为探究不同品种宁夏枸杞果实活性成分生物合成相关基因的表达水平,筛选关键差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),揭示宁夏枸杞品种间活性成分含量差异的分子机制,本研究采用Illumina NovaSeq 6000高通量测序技术,对宁夏枸杞‘宁杞1号’和‘宁杞7号’青果期、转色期及成熟期果实进行转录组测序,比较2个品种果实不同发育期相关基因表达谱的变化。结果显示:转录组测序共获得811818178条clean reads,有121.76 Gb有效数据。‘宁杞1号’和‘宁杞7号’在青果期、转色期和成熟期差异表达基因分别有2827、2552和2311个;分别有2153、2050和1825个差异基因在基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)、京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析和同源蛋白簇(clusters of orthologous groups of proteins,KOG)分析等6个数据库中被成功注释。青果期、转色期和成熟期果实的差异表达基因,在GO数据库分别有1307、865和624个被富集到生物学过程、细胞组分及分子功能3个部分中;KEGG通路富集结果均集中在代谢途径、次生代谢物生物合成和植物-病原互作过程;在KOG数据库,3个发育期分别注释了1775、1751和1541个差异表达基因。对注释的基因进行PubMed数据库检索,在青果期、转色期和成熟期分别筛选到与枸杞活性成分合成相关的差异表达基因18、26和24个,这些基因主要参与类胡萝卜素、类黄酮、萜类、生物碱和维生素等代谢途径。选取7个差异表达基因进行RT-qPCR验证,结果与转录组测序数据表达趋势一致。本研究从转录水平为不同品种宁夏枸杞活性成分含量差异提供了初步证据,为进一步挖掘枸杞活性成分生物合成的关键基因及解析其表达调控机制提供了研究基础。     

西方蜜蜂工蜂蛹响应低温胁迫的差异表达基因分析

【目的】本研究旨在从转录组水平筛选和分析西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera工蜂不同时期蛹对低温胁迫反应的差异表达基因(DEGs)。【方法】将西方蜜蜂工蜂封盖后3 d预蛹以及封盖后6和9 d蛹分别置于低温环境(20℃)和最适发育温度(35℃)中4 h,分别作为处理组和对照组,通过转录组学技术筛选低温处理组与对应的对照组之间的DEGs,并进行GO功能分类和KEGG通路分析。利用RT qPCR分别对封盖后3 d预蛹以及封盖后6和9 d蛹的8, 6和5个DEGs的表达谱进行验证。【结果】与对照组相比,封盖后3 d预蛹以及封盖后6和9 d蛹受低温胁迫后的DEGs分别有220, 50和26个;GO功能分类发现,DEGs富集数最多的条目为代谢进程、细胞进程、催化活性和结合,封盖后3 d预蛹的DEGs在生物学进程调控、细胞部分和细胞器等有较多富集。KEGG通路分析显示,处理组和对照组间西方蜜蜂各日龄DEGs在整体概述图、氨基酸代谢、信号转导、运输和分解代谢有富集。封盖后3 d预蛹以及封盖后6和9 d蛹受低温胁迫后共有的DEG 3-磷酸肌醇依赖性蛋白激酶1基因PDK1上调表达,同时富集在自噬-动物、mTOR和FoxO信号通路。低温胁迫后,封盖后3 d预蛹的胰岛素受体底物1-B基因IRS1-B和Kruppel同源物1基因Kr-h1上调表达,而核激素受体FTZ-F1基因Ftz-F1与蜕皮启动激素基因Eth显著下调表达,说明封盖后3 d预蛹响应低温细胞自噬和蜕皮受到抑制程度更大。在低温胁迫后封盖后6 d蛹中与昆虫角质层着色与免疫相关的酪氨酸羟化酶基因TyHyd下调表达;与对照组相比,在低温胁迫后封盖后9 d蛹中DEGs最少,说明在3个蛹期中,其受低温的影响较小。【结论】本研究测定了西方蜜蜂3个不同发育阶段蛹响应低温的DEGs,结果显示大部分DEGs为阶段特有,说明西方蜜蜂不同发育阶段响应低温的机制不同。一些共有DEGs以及阶段特有DEGs的功能研究和其作用机制是进一步研究蜜蜂对低温响应机制的重点内容,为探究蜜蜂蛹期响应低温胁迫的分子机制提供了基础数据。     

水稻条纹病毒胁迫下灰飞虱基因的差异表达

水稻条纹病毒(rice stripe virus, RSV)主要由介体昆虫灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus以循回增殖型方式经卵传播, 目前RSV与灰飞虱间的互作研究很少。为了研究RSV侵染对灰飞虱基因表达的影响, 采用5条随机引物和3条锚定引物, 利用mRNA差异显示(differential display RT-PCR, DDRT-PCR)技术分析了带毒和无毒灰飞虱种群基因表达差异。且利用正交实验优化了DDRT-PCR反应体系中的模板浓度、锚定引物浓度、随机引物浓度、dNTPs浓度、镁离子浓度及Taq酶用量。结果表明: 最佳DDRT-PCR体系(25 μL)为cDNA 3.0 μg, 随机引物2.0 μmol/L, 锚定引物2.5 μmol/L, dNTPs 200 μmol/L, Mg²⁺ 2.0 μmol/L, Taq 酶2.0 U。mRNA差异显示共获得35条差异片段, 选取其中6条经RNA斑点杂交验证, 获得了4条阳性差异片段。其中3条阳性片段为带毒灰飞虱种群特异表达, 分别与5-羟色胺受体1D、 旋转酶B、 60S核蛋白L40高度同源, 无毒灰飞虱种群中特异表达的一条阳性片段在NCBI核酸数据库中比对无同源序列。DDRT-PCR优化体系的建立及部分差异片段的获得为进一步研究灰飞虱与RSV间的互作提供了帮助。     

Comparative proteomics analysis of differentially expressed proteins in soybean cell wall during flooding stress

Flooding is a major problem for soybean crop as it reduces the growth and grain yield. To investigate the function of the soybean cell wall in the response to flooding stress, cell wall proteins were analyzed. Cell wall proteins from roots and hypocotyls of soybeans, which were germinated for 2 days and subjected to 2 days of flooding, were purified, separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. Sixteen out of 204 cell wall proteins showed responses to flooding stress. Of these, two lipoxygenases, four germin-like protein precursors, three stem 28/31 kDa glycoprotein precursors, and one superoxide dismutase [Cu–Zn] were downregulated. A copper amine oxidase was found to have shifted from the basic to acidic zone following flooding stress. Based on these results, it was confirmed by the lignin staining that the lignification was suppressed in the root of soybean under the flooding stress. These results suggest that the roots and hypocotyls of soybean caused the suppression of lignification through decrease of these proteins by downregulation of reactive oxygen species and jasmonate biosynthesis under flooding stress.