Discovery of three species of the genus Olethreutes (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from North Korea

In the present study, three species of the genus Olethreutes: O. aviana Falkovitsh, O. obovata (Walsingham), and O. orthocosma (Meyrick), based on the material deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, are reported for the first time from North Korea. Among them, O. aviana Falkovitsh is newly recorded from the Korean peninsula. Photographs of the adults and genitalia of the species are presented.     

A review of the genus Spilonota Stephens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North Korea

Four species of the genus Spilonota Stephens, belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), are reviewed from North Korea, based on the materials of Hungarian Natural History Museum. Among them, two species, Spilonota lechriaspis Meyrick, 1932 and Spilonota ocellana (Denis et Schiffermüller, 1775), are reported for the first time from North Korea. Photos of adults and the genitalia are provided with brief comments on the distribution. Also a key for the species is given.     

Studies on Paraphysomonadaceae (Chrysophyceae) from Andong Lake in Korea

During a study of the Paraphysomonadaceae in a multipurpose artificial reservoir Andong Lake, located in the central part of South Korea, 21 taxa of three genera were found: three species of Chrysosphaerella , seven of Spiniferomonas and eleven species of Paraphysomonas . All of these are known from many parts of the world, but are new to South Korea. Five of the species have previously been found in North Korea, but sixteen are new to Korea as a whole. Their seasonal occurrence has been followed through one year.     

朝鲜北部的苔藓植物

朝鲜是同我国一江之隔的友好邻邦,它有着很多与我国东北地区共同的植物种类。因此,对朝鲜苔藓植物的研究,为进一步研究我国东北地区苔藓植物种属的起源、演化和分布区等具有重要的意义。笔者于1979年7月17日至8月29日,曾以中国科学院植物分类学赴朝考察组的组员身份,到朝鲜进行了苔藓植物学方面的考察并收集了有关资料。根据这些标本资科和有关文献,加以分析和研究后写成了本文。     

韩国黄蚜小蜂属分类研究(膜翅目:蚜小蜂科)

本文报道采自韩国的黄蚜小蜂属5种,包括1新种（Aphytis albus,sp．nov．)及4个韩国新记录种(Adiaspidis,A.japonicus,Aproclia和Avandenboschi),编制了雌成虫检索表。新种模式标本保存在韩国国立树木园和东北林业大学昆虫标本室。     

Phytosociological study of grassland vegetation in North Korea

Grasslands were phytosociologically studied in the lowlands of North Korea. They are represented mainly by Lawns in parks and recreation centres. Two new plant communities were distinguished: the associationDigitario ciliaris-Zoysietum japonicae with many species of the C₄ photosynthetic pathway, growing on open sunny habitats and the associationPlantagini asiaticae-Poetum pratensis consisting mostly of species with the C₃ photosynthetic pathway and growing on half shaded or moist habitats. Real pastures and meadows are very rare in North Korea. They are analogous to the communities described from Japan.     

Taxonomy of the Genus Eusphalerum Kraatz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Omaliinae) from South Korea

The eusphalerine single genus, Eusphalerum Kraatz contains about 230 species distributed in the Holearctic and Oriental regions. In East Asia, 74 species of the genus are studied and Zanetti reported six species from North Korea in 1993. They are known to feed pollen on flowers of shrubs and trees. As a result, they have peculiar molar structure. Members of the Eusphalerum are characterized by the combination of following features: body spindle‐shape and parallel‐side; eyes large and protruded, temple short; mandibles subtriangular and edentate, molar and scissorial area fused, medial surface of molar with grinding cones; maxillary palpomere 4 as wide as palpomere 3; antennae gradually wide apically, antennomere 10 almost as wide as long; tarsomeres 1–4 short and broad, ventral surface setose densely, tarsomere 5 as long as or longer than basal four combined. In this paper, we report four South Korean Eusphalerum species and provide illustrations of the diagnostic characters including first line drawings of spermatheca and accessary sclerite. The specimens studied are deposited in the Chungnam National University Insect Collection (CNUIC), Daejeon, Korea.     

中国云南西部地衣区系(英文)

对中国云南西部高山地区的大型地衣进行了调查。采集地衣标本400余份,鉴定为46属86种,其中40种在朝鲜半岛有报道。所有采集的标本现保藏于顺天大学韩国地衣研究所和中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆。     

Distribution of lichen flora on South Korea

After an overview on the temporary situation of the lichenology in South Korea, localities of 95 macrolichen taxa are reported for South Korea. In this revised lichen flora of South Korea, 16 species are apparently new to the territory. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the Korean Lichen Research Institute (KoLRI) at Sunchon National University in Korea, and duplicates have also been donated to the National History Museum and Institute, in Chiba, (CBM) Japan.     

Chrysophycean scales as paleoindicators in the sediments of Hall Lake, Washington, U.S.A.

Twelve species of Mallomonas and ten species of other genera of Mallomonadaceae and Paraphysomonadaceae were found in sediments deposited in Hall Lake from about 1850 to the present. One Mallomonas species ( M. portue-ferreae peterfi & As-mund) was found that had not previously been reported from North America. The majority of the species have been described as either generally distributed or characteristic of acid or oligotrophic humic waters. M. heterospina Lund and M. multiunca Asmund, which were restricted to sediments deposited during the operation of a sawmill on the lake, have been collected from very eutrophic to dystrophic waters as well. On the whole the species composition indicates a change in the lake from oligotrophic to more eutrophic conditions.     

Increased genetic structuring of isolated Salamandra salamandra populations (Caudata: Salamandridae) at the margins of the Carpathian Mountains

The traditional southern Pleistocene refugia hypothesis in Europe has lately been challenged for several animal and plant species. The Carpathian Basin, especially at the marginal regions, is one of the recently recognized biodiversity hotspots in Europe. Marginal populations are prone to have lower genetic diversity and higher genetic differentiation than central populations. Here, we examined one mitochondrial DNA fragment (D‐loop) and nine nuclear (microsatellite) loci to describe the genetic diversity and phylogeographical pattern of fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) populations in the Carpathian Basin with focusing on the southern margins of the Western Carpathians, where isolated populations of this species are present. Analyses of microsatellites indicated reduced genetic diversity for most of the isolated populations. Based on the mitochondrial DNA, only two haplotypes were found, whereas the analyses with the nuclear markers revealed a more recent genetic split between Western (Alpine) and Eastern (Carpathian) populations, and separated the Apuseni Mountains population (part of the Western Carpathians). Using approximate Bayesian computation analyses, we identified the most probable colonization scenario for the isolated North Hungarian Carpathian Basin populations. The split between isolated salamander populations from the central populations in the Carpathian Mountains dates back to the beginning of the Late Pleistocene, while the split between most of the Hungarian populations can be associated with the Last Glacial Maximum. We found evidence for long‐time isolation between the marginal Carpathian Basin and central populations. Our results also show that S. salamandra survived glacial periods in the temperate forests of north‐east Pannonia (North Hungarian Mountains), confirming that the Carpathian Basin served as important northerly refugia during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations.     

朝鲜南部的Pseudogl yptagnostus(三叶虫)并论朝鲜寒武纪斜坡相的意义

朝鲜南部Ｍａｃｈａｒｉ组Ｏｌｅｎｏｉｄｅｓ带的Ａｇｎｏｓｔｕｓ（Ｐｔｙｃｈａｇｎｏｓｔｕｓ？）ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ Ｋｏｂａｙａｓｂｈｉ一种应归于Ａｇｎｏｓ－ｔｏｔｅｓ（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｇｌｙｐｔａｇｎｏｓｔｕｓ）Ｌｕ,１９６４一属,时代是晚寒武世长山期,不是早期中寒琥世,小林贞一的Ｏｌｅｎｏｉｄｅｓ带是中及晚寒武三叶虫混杂在一起的一个化石带。他建立的该组５个化石带也有问题。Ｃｏｒｅｏｌｅｎｕｓ,Ｃｈ     

中国拟台蚱属的研究及一新种记述(直翅目: 蚱科)

记述分布于中国、尼泊尔及北朝鲜地区拟台蚱属的种类7种,包括1新种, 即墨脱拟台蚱Formosatettixoides motuoensis sp. nov,并提供了拟台蚱属的分种检索表和种类分布。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

Highland macrolichen flora of Northwestern Yunnan, China

Fifty-six species in 36 genera of macrolichens are reported from the Zhongdian area, northwest Yunnan, China during the lichenological expedition for highland macrolichen survey in June, 2004. More than 60% of these species have not been reported in South Korea. All of the 182 collected specimens are deposited in the Korean Lichen Research Institute (KoLRI) at Sunchon National University in Korea, and some of them are duplicated in the lichen herbarium, Crytogamic Herbarium, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica (KUN-L) in China. This is the first report on the macrolichen flora in the visited areas.     

Alien flora of the Korean Peninsula

The Korean Peninsula has been divided into the countries of North and South Korea since 1948. This adoption of different political and socio-economic regimes has significantly changed economic activity and international exchange by those nations, thus affecting the introduction of alien plants. Our study objective was to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date inventory of the alien flora on the Korean Peninsula and to analyse how the partitioning between North and South Korea has influenced the numbers and status of those alien plants. We identified pre-1876 aliens that were brought to the Korean Peninsula before 1876, when Korea opened up to foreign countries, and also determined the post-1876 aliens that were introduced after 1876. Plants in the latter group were further classified into those that arrived before the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950 (1876–1950 aliens) and those introduced since then (post-1950 aliens). We investigated the regions of origin, family compositions, and invasion status of those alien taxa. In total, 504 alien taxa were identified, with 102 taxa being pre-1876 and 117 being 1876–1950 aliens. After the Korean War, the number of alien plants in South Korea more than doubled (276 taxa), whereas the number reported for North Korea was considerably lower (33 taxa). This might be due to enhanced economic activity and a larger human population in South Korea. Climatic differences as well as variations in the recording intensity for alien flora between North and South Korea may also have contributed to the large contrast in numbers of new alien species recorded during the last decades. Coordinated measures between the two nations are necessary if the spread of invasive alien plants onto the Korean Peninsula is to be reduced.     

Orthoptera of Montenegro: new faunistic data with new records for the country

Summary

Grasshoppers and crickets of Montenegro have never been systematically studied. In this paper we present new distribution records of 119 Orthoptera species from Montenegro, sampled at 116 localities in different parts of the country in the period between 2010 and 2017. We also present records of older material deposited in the collection of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. Oecanthus dulcisonans Gorochov, 1993 is recorded for the first time in Montenegro. Most of the areas investigated in this paper were never studied before, so our data represent the first information on Orthoptera of these parts of Montenegro.     

Description of a New Helicopsyche Species from China (Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae)

Helicopsyche zhejiangensis sp. n. from southeastern China is described and figured, representing the first record of this family in China. The species has a general resemblance with Helicopsyche species known from the Oriental Region, and the East Palaearctic species Helicopsyche coreana Mey from North Korea.     

Holocene persistence of wooded steppe in the Great Hungarian Plain

Aim We used a combination of new and previously published palaeoecological data to test three hypotheses: (1) that wooded steppe persisted in the Great Hungarian Plain throughout the Holocene; (2) that wooded steppe and steppe were most extensive between c. 9900 and 8300 cal. yr bp (the ‘Boreal steppe’ period); and (3) that Southern Continental, Pontic and Eastern Sub‐Mediterranean steppe species reached the region during the early Holocene via the ‘Lower Danube Corridor’. Location Sarló‐hát oxbow lake, Hungary and the Eastern European wooded steppe zone. Methods Holocene sediments deposited in the Sarló‐hát oxbow lake were subjected to pollen and microcharcoal analyses. Twelve radiocarbon age estimates were obtained to determine sediment chronology. In addition, previously published palaeoecological data from the Great Hungarian Plain were compiled, analysed and compared with previous studies in other regions of steppe and wooded steppe in eastern Europe. Results Palynological data from two sediment cores extending to c. 11,400 cal. yr bp indicate the persistent dominance of the landscape by temperate deciduous wooded steppe throughout the Holocene, although with varying canopy composition. Warm‐continental steppe grasslands and saline tall‐grass meadows developed on edaphically constrained areas, which remained steppe‐dominated throughout the Holocene. The extent of steppe grasslands did not increase between 9900 and 8300 cal. yr bp . After c. 3100 cal. yr bp , anthropogenic activities led to the development of cultural steppe. Thermophilous steppe species of the Southern Continental, Pontic and Sub‐Mediterranean floristic elements probably reached the Great Hungarian Plain principally via the Lower Danube Corridor during the late glacial interstadial and Holocene. Eurythermic members of these elements, however, probably survived the Last Glacial Maximum in favourable microsites, extending their ranges during the Holocene from these local sources. Main conclusions Our results confirm the Holocene persistence of wooded steppe in the Great Hungarian Plain, disprove the ‘Boreal steppe’ theory, and suggest an Early Holocene period of greater vegetation openness between 11,400 and 9900 cal. yr bp . Evidence for the post‐glacial immigration of south‐eastern steppe elements into the Carpathian Basin is equivocal: the last glacial/interglacial presence of several southern steppe species suggests that the Hungarian Plain hosted suitable habitats for them during warm and cold phases alike.     

Four newly recorded species of subfamily Olethreutinae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from North Korea

Four species of the subfamily Olethreutinae based on the materials in the Hungarian Natural History Museum are added to the North Korean fauna: Ancylis melanostigma Kuznetsov, Ancylis sativa Liu, Eucoenogenes japonica Kawabe and Eucosma glebana (Snellen). Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided with brief comments on the distribution.