Bt新型基因sip的克隆、表达和生物信息学分析

苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)杀虫晶体蛋白对农业害虫有特异的杀虫活性,对环境无污染、对人畜无害,成为目前为止研究和应用最为广泛的生物杀虫剂.其中内毒素(insecticidal crystal proteins,ICPs)和营养期杀虫蛋白(vegetative insecticidal protein,VIP)研究范围广、技术成熟,而分泌期杀虫蛋白(Secreted insecticidal protein,Sip)相关报道较少.为进一步发掘我国苏云金芽胞杆菌的菌株资源和新型基因资源,从不同生态环境中分离出400株Bt野生菌株进行sip基因的克隆鉴定,其中Bt野生菌株QZL26扩增得到1 038 bp的碱基的序列,编码345个氨基酸,与Sip1A蛋白氨基酸序列同源性为91.83％.测序结果提交GenBank注册,登录号为JQ965994.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌4.0718菌株中杀虫晶体蛋白基因的定位及鉴定

[目的]对苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt)4.0718菌株中的杀虫晶体蛋白基因(insecticidal crystal protein gene,简称cry基因)进行定位和鉴定,系统分析高毒力Bt4.0718菌株的杀虫基因背景.[方法]采用脉冲电泳(PFGE)分离Bt 4.0718菌株的基因组DNA,确定该菌株的PFGE图谱和质粒图谱;采用Southern杂交分析该菌株中cry基因的定位,并使用PCR及PCR产物限制性片段长度多态性分析(PCR-RFLP)方法鉴定该菌株染色体和质粒上含有的cry基因类型.[结果]确定了Bt 4.0718菌株的PFGE图谱和质粒图潜,鉴定到Bt4.0718菌株的染色体和质粒上均定位有cry基因,且分别包含crylAa、crylAc、cry2Aa和cry2Ab 4种基因成分.但染色体上含有的cry基因可能不如质粒上含有的cry基因具有完整的开放阅渎框.[结论]首次在Bt 4.0718菌株的染色体上发现有丰富的cry基因,且与质粒上含有的cry基因类型一致.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌重组工程菌研究进展

苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)可以产生对多种农业害虫有毒性的晶体蛋白(Insecticidal crystal protein,ICP),是目前世界上使用范围最广、应用最成功的杀虫微生物.已经发现苏云金芽胞杆菌可以对包括鳞翅目、鞘翅目、直翅目等在内的9个目500多种昆虫具有杀虫活性①,同时对某些螨类、吸虫、鞭毛虫及动植物线虫也有一定的活性.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌sigK 基因插入失活突变体的特点及其对cry3A基因启动子活性的影响

摘要: 【目的】构建苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt) sigK 基因插入失活突变体,分析突变体特点并明确其对cry3A 基因启动子的影响。【方法】采用同源重组技术在苏云金芽胞杆菌HD-73 菌株sigK 基因中插入卡那霉素抗性基因,构建了sigK 基因插入失活突变体。通过生长曲线测定、扫描电子显微镜观察晶体、芽胞形成情况和芽胞计数及SDS-PAGE 等方法分析了突变体的特点; 构建了遗传恢复菌株对上述性状进行了功能验证; 利用启动子融合lacZ 技术检测了cry3A 基因启动子的转录活性。【结果】获得了苏云金芽胞杆菌HD-73 菌株sigK 基因突变体,生长曲线测定表明,突变体较出发菌株在稳定期后期生长较慢; 扫描电子显微镜观察和芽胞计数分析显示,突变体丧失了形成芽胞和晶体的能力; SDS-PAGE 分析表明突变体中伴胞晶体蛋白的表达量明显低于出发菌株和恢复菌株。利用载体pHT315 携带sigK 基因及其启动子在突变株中表达,所获得的遗传恢复菌株恢复了突变株产生芽胞和晶体的能力; sigK 基因的突变可以提高cry3A 基因启动子在产胞后期的转录活性,对cry3A 启动子指导的Cry 蛋白表达量没有显著影响。【结论】本研究证明sigK 基因为苏云金芽胞杆菌芽胞形成所必需,并影响伴胞晶体蛋白的产量; sigK 基因功能的丧失有利于cry3A 基因启动子在产胞后期的转录。     

四川盆地生态区苏云金芽胞杆菌cry基因的鉴定及新型模式cry基因的克隆

[目的]为了明确四川盆地生态区土壤中苏云金芽胞杆菌cry,基因资源情况,进一步克隆出新型的杀虫晶体蛋白基因.[方法]本研究主要通过菌株晶体形状的光学显微镜及扫描电镜观察、PCR-RFLP技术鉴定cry基因型法、杀虫晶体蛋白的SDS-PAGE分析和菌株生物活性测定等方法对此地区菌株进行研究.[结果]从四川盆地不同生态区采集2650份土壤样品中分离了791株苏云金芽胞杆菌.PCR-RFLP鉴定结果表明:此地区的苏云金芽胞杆菌主要含有cry1,cry2,cry3,cry4/10,cry9,cry30和cry40等7种cry,基因类型;含cry1基因的菌株最丰富,共有21种不同cry1型基因组合;从中发现了新型模式基因,并采用Tail-PCR技术获得了其中3个基因的全长序列,被国际苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因命名委员会命名为cry54Aa1、cry30Fa1和cry30Ga1.通过生物活性测定,发现对鳞翅目和双翅目害虫具毒力的菌株.未鉴定出基因型的80个菌株的伴胞晶体SDS-PAGE分析表明:这些菌株均有40～130 kDa蛋白表达,极有可能含新型的杀虫蛋白基因.[结论]研究结果充分体现了四川盆地生态区苏云金芽胞杆菌资源的多样性及特殊性,所蕴含的杀虫蛋白基因在农业生产上具有重要意义和应用前景.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌CTC菌株的S-层蛋白可以形成伴胞晶体

苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)CTC菌株产生卵圆形伴胞晶体,晶体蛋白分子量为100kD;透射电子显微镜观察结果表明该菌株有S—层结构,而且在母细胞内可以形成伴胞晶体和S—层的初体结构;其蛋白基因导入苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB171后,扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明转化子能形成晶体,而其形状与CTC菌株的相同;转化子晶体蛋白的分子量大小也与CTC菌株的相同,为100kD。以上实验结果结合以前晶体蛋白N—末端测序和基因核苦酸序列,表明苏云金芽胞杆菌CTC菌株的S—层蛋白可以形成伴胞晶体。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌cry26Aa和cry28Aa基因共表达可在芽胞外壁内侧形成伴胞晶体

苏云金芽胞杆菌幕虫亚种的伴胞晶体在预芽胞外壁内侧形成,呈现晶体芽胞粘连的现象。根据已发表的cry26Aa1和cry28Aa1基因序列设计引物,从苏云金芽胞杆菌幕虫亚种T02中扩增得到cry26Aa和cry28Aa基因,通过穿梭载体将这两个基因分别和同时转化到苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB171后,透射电镜下可在芽胞外壁内侧和外侧同时观察到伴胞晶体,而单独表达时可在芽胞外壁外侧观察到伴胞晶体。结果表明,伴胞晶体在芽胞外壁内侧表达不单独依赖于启动子的时空调控,可能还受到晶体蛋白相互作用的影响。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌cry26Aa和cry28Aa基因共表达可在芽胞外壁内侧形成伴胞晶体

苏云金芽胞杆菌幕虫亚种的伴胞晶体在预芽胞外壁内侧形成,呈现晶体芽胞粘连的现象。根据已发表的cry26Aa1和cry28Aa1基因序列设计引物,从苏云金芽胞杆菌幕虫亚种T02中扩增得到cry26Aa和cry28Aa基因,通过穿梭载体将这两个基因分别和同时转化到苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB171后,透射电镜下可在芽胞外壁内侧和外侧同时观察到伴胞晶体,而单独表达时可在芽胞外壁外侧观察到伴胞晶体。结果表明,伴胞晶体在芽胞外壁内侧表达不单独依赖于启动子的时空调控,可能还受到晶体蛋白相互作用的影响。     

碳源对苏云金芽胞杆菌融合基因cry1D-lacZ表达的影响

本研究检测了在不同遗传背景的苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株中不同碳源对杀虫晶体蛋白cry1D-lacZ融合基因表达的影响。研究表明,cry1D-lacZ在同一菌株中的表达因碳源不同而异,在碳源相同的条件下不同菌株的表达也不相同,而衍生菌株HD-133-5的代谢途径非常特殊。琥珀酸钠作碳源时导致芽胞形成提前,cry1D-lacZ融合基因表达也随之提前。而以乙酸钠作碳源时,在不同亚种的菌株中都能高水平、持续稳定地表达。 Abstract:In order to investigate the influence of the carbon source on the expression of cry1D-lacZ in Bacillus thuringiensis with different genetic backgrounds,cry1D-lacZ was introduced into different strains and cultured in liquid medium containing different carbon sources.Analysis of activity of β-galactosidase showed that cry1D-lacZ expressed differenfly in the same host because of different carbon sources and differenly in different hosts utlizing same carbon sources,suggesting that metabolism pathway of carbon sourcein HD-133-5 was special.Sodium succinate as carbon source could lead to earlier.sporulation and earlier expression of cry1D-lacZ.When sodium acetate acted as carbonsource,cry1D-lacZ could keep high,stable expression in different hosts.These results arehelpful for future fermentation of Bacillus thuringiensis.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌6618杀虫菌株的分离和鉴定

从我国不同地区采集118份土样,利用温度筛选法分离获得一株苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,简称Bt)6618,镜检观察发现该菌株能产生典型的菱形晶体,PCR分析表明其含有cry1类杀虫基因。采用SDS-PAGE和质谱分析发现该菌株主要产生130 k D原毒素,其组分由Cry1Ae和Cry1Ac原毒素组成。基因序列分析表明该菌株的cry1Ac基因为已知的cry1Ac1,而cry1Ae为新型杀虫基因。毒力生测表明该菌株对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)幼虫具有显著的杀虫效果。筛选获得的高毒力Bt菌株6618为丰富我国苏云金芽胞杆菌储备和研发新型高效生物杀虫剂提供了菌株资源。     

特异性杀虫基因Bt cry3A在桑粒肩天牛幼虫两种肠道常驻内生菌中的转化和表达

[目的]将特异性杀虫毒蛋白基因Bt cry3A转入桑粒肩天牛(Apriona germari Hope,Ag)幼虫肠道常驻内生菌中,构建能在天牛幼虫肠道中定殖并表达特异性杀虫基因Bt cry3A的工程菌.[方法]以传统方法和16S rDNA分子生物学分析等方法分离、鉴定Ag幼虫肠道优势的常驻内生菌,从中筛选出适合转化的候选菌株.利用电转化技术将含有对鞘翅目昆虫具专一性毒力Bt cry3A基因的Escherichia coli-Bacillus thuringiensis穿梭表达质粒pHT305a和pHT7911分别转入Ag幼虫肠道常驻内生菌短短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis Ag12,Ag12)和苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis Ag13,Ag13)中.[结果]从Ag幼虫肠道共分离获得18个不同种的可培养细菌菌株,并从中选取菌株Ag12和Ag13作为出发菌株转入Bt cry3A基因.经质粒稳定性试验、转化子生长特性测试、伴胞晶体电镜检测、毒蛋白SDS-PAGE分析、工程菌定殖性分析以及生物毒力测试,结果显示cry3A基因已经成功转入Ag幼虫的常驻内生菌短短芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌中,并且工程菌Ag12-305a、Ag13-305a、Ag 12-7911和Ag13-7911都能在天牛幼虫肠道内稳定生长、繁殖并表达分子量约65kDa的伴孢晶体杀虫蛋白Cry3A.[结论]Bt cry3A基因已成功转入桑粒肩天牛幼虫肠道优势常驻内生菌中,获得了四株能在桑粒肩天牛幼虫肠道内定殖,并能表达目的杀虫基因Btcry3A的转基因工程菌.     

Assessment of cry1 gene contents of Bacillus thuringiensis strains by use of DNA microarrays

A single Bacillus thuringiensis strain can harbor numerous different insecticidal crystal protein (cry) genes from 46 known classes or primary ranks. The cry1 primary rank is the best known and contains the highest number of cry genes which currently totals over 130. We have designed an oligonucleotide-based DNA microarray (cryArray) to test the feasibility of using microarrays to identify the cry gene content of B. thuringiensis strains. Specific 50-mer oligonucleotide probes representing the cry1 primary and tertiary ranks were designed based on multiple cry gene sequence alignments. To minimize false-positive results, a consentaneous approach was adopted in which multiple probes against a specific gene must unanimously produce positive hybridization signals to confirm the presence of a particular gene. In order to validate the cryArray, several well-characterized B. thuringiensis strains including isolates from a Mexican strain collection were tested. With few exceptions, our probes performed in agreement with known or PCR-validated results. In one case, hybridization of primary- but not tertiary-ranked cry1I probes indicated the presence of a novel cry1I gene. Amplification and partial sequencing of the cry1I gene in strains IB360 and IB429 revealed the presence of a cry1Ia gene variant. Since a single microarray hybridization can replace hundreds of individual PCRs, DNA microarrays should become an excellent tool for the fast screening of new B. thuringiensis isolates presenting interesting insecticidal activity.     

Composition and ecological distribution of cry proteins and their genotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from warehouses in China

The composition and distribution of insecticidal crystal proteins (Cry proteins) and their genotypes of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from warehouses were evaluated through SDS-PAGE and PCR techniques. The results showed that the electrophoretic patterns of delta-endotoxin crystal preparations were divided into five types. The isolates containing approximately 135 kDa with a 65-kDa protein or only a approximately 135-kDa protein, which amounted to 55.74 and 35.25% of all isolates respectively, were the two major profiles of Cry protein isolated. The distribution of cry genes of B. thuringiensis from warehouses was highly variable. Cry protein genotypes detected in B. thuringiensis isolates included cry1Aa5, cry1Ab9, cry1Ac5, cry1Ba, cry1Ca1, cry1Da1, cry1Ea3, cry2, and cry3 genes, but not cry1Fa2. Among them, cry2, cry1Ac5, and cry1Ab9 genes were the most common in our B. thuringiensis isolates. Most B. thuringiensis isolates contained several cry genes in a total of 18 profiles. Among them, cry1Ac5 with cry1Ea3; cry1Aa5, cry1Ab9, cry1Ac5 with cry1Ea3; and cry1Aa5, cry1Ab9 with cry1Ac5 were the three principal profiles. The distribution of the Cry proteins and cry genes in isolates depended on geography and type of warehouses. Gene profiles may be used as markers for insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis strains, but they did not directly reflect the toxic level of B. thuringiensis strains. The serotype of B. thuringiensis strains did not directly reflect the specific cry gene profiles in the strains, but certain relationships can be established between the serotype and cry genotype.     

Diversity of Colombian strains of Bacillus thuringiensis with insecticidal activity against dipteran and lepidopteran insects

AIM: To evaluate the genetic and molecular diversity and insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates from all the natural regions of Colombia. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 445 isolates from a collection of B. thuringiensis were characterized. The parasporal crystal morphology that was most abundant was bipyramidal (60%). Almost 10% of the isolates were toxic to Spodoptera frugiperda and 5.6% against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. cry gene content determined by PCR indicated that 10.6% of the isolates contained cry1 genes and 1.1% contained cry2, cry4 or cry11 genes. Protein content of the parasporal crystal was determined by SDS-PAGE; 25 and 18 different protein profiles were found in isolates active against S. frugiperda and C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Bacillus thuringiensis presents great genetic and molecular diversity even in isolates from the same soil sample. Moreover, the diversity and activity of the isolates might have a relationship with the geographical origin of the samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results obtained here indicate that some of the B. thuringiensis isolates characterized in this study are potential control agents that could be used in programmes against mosquitoes and S. frugiperda.     

带cry3Aa启动子的aiiA基因在苏云金芽胞杆菌中的表达

N 乙酰高丝氨酸内酯 (N acyl homoserinelactones,AHLs) ,是一类数量感知 (Quorum sensing)系统中的信号分子 ,它参与诱导调控许多植物病原菌致病基因的表达。苏云金芽胞杆菌的AiiA蛋白能降解这类AHLs分子 ,进而可减弱病原菌致病基因表达产生的病害。苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因cry3Aa的启动子是一种不依赖芽胞形成的启动子 ,它相对于其它cry类基因的启动子有启动基因转录时间早 ,转录时间长的优点。通过重叠延伸PCR ,用杀虫晶体蛋白基因cry3Aa启动子替换编码AiiA蛋白的基因aiiA自身的启动子 ,构建了融合基因pro3A aiiA。将融合基因装入穿梭载体pHT3 0 4的BamHI SphI位点 ,得到重组质粒pBMB686并转化苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB171,重组菌株BMB686的AiiA蛋白表达量在各个生长时期均高于对照菌株 ,对AHLs分子的降解活性和对胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌感染马铃薯产生病害的抑制能力也明显优于对照菌株     

双价杀虫蛋白基因在荧光假单胞菌中的表达及增效

利用广宿主质粒载体pJMS6αlac将苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)杀虫晶体蛋白基因cry1Ac和cry2Aa基因分别及一起进行克隆,将重组质粒导入能在多种作物上定殖、对植物病菌有良好抑菌和防治作用的荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)P303菌株,分别得到工程菌株IPP101、IPP201和IPP202。PCRRFLP和Southern blot检测均证明目的基因已经导入了工程菌。SDSPAGE电泳显示工程菌中存在明显的Cry1Ac蛋白带;透射电镜观察发现含cry1Ac基因的两个菌株IPP101和IPP202中杀虫蛋白形成了典型的菱形晶体和蛋白包含体,而在野生P303菌株中均无这些结构。这些结果说明,工程菌中cry1Ac基因得到了很好表达。室内杀虫试验表明：工程菌对棉铃虫初孵幼虫的致死中浓度(LC50),只含cry1Ac的IPP101为000812mL/g饲料,只含cry2Aa的IPP201为002604mL/g饲料,含双基因的IPP202为000186mL/g饲料;HD73为000170mL/g饲料。cry1Ac和cry2Aa双基因表达产物具有显著增效作用,共毒系数达3328。     

Insect-resistant transgenic brinjal plants

A synthetic cry1Ab gene coding for an insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) was transferred to brinjal (eggplant) by cocultivating cotyledonary explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transformant plants resistant to kanamycin were regenerated. Hybridization experiments demonstrated gene integration and mRNA expression. Double-antibody sandwich ELISA analysis revealed Bt toxin protein expression in the transgenic plants. The expression resulted in a significant insecticidal activity of transgenic brinjal fruits against the larvae of fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis). The results also demonstrated that a synthetic gene based on monocot codon usage can be expressed in dicotyledonous plants for insect control.     

苏云金杆菌cry 1C基因检测及其与杀虫活性的关系

对实验室分离保存的 5 4株苏云金芽孢杆菌的H 血清型、杀虫晶体蛋白质 ,杀虫基因cry 1C和对甜菜夜蛾的活性进行了检测 ,分析了它们之间的关系。结果表明 ,有 2 8株菌株含有cry 1C基因 ,携带有cry 1C基因的菌株的晶体蛋白质主要为 135ku左右 ,它们对甜菜夜蛾均有较高的毒性 ,这些菌株的鞭毛抗原血清型主要分布在H 5和H 7。