酵母双杂交筛选与蛋白激酶CK2α′相互作用蛋白——泛素-52氨基酸融合蛋白的鉴定

蛋白激酶CK2是一种真核细胞中普遍存在的信使非依赖性丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶. 为研究CK2α′亚基在精子发生中的作用机制,将构建于pACT2质粒的人睾丸cDNA文库和人蛋白激酶CK2α′为诱饵蛋白进行酵母双杂交实验. 以初步筛选与人蛋白激酶CK2α′相互作用蛋白的阳性候选克隆,筛选获得8个阳性克隆,其中1个与人泛素-52氨基酸融合蛋白基因（UBA52）的cDNA序列有高度同源性（100％）. GST pull-down实验在细胞外进一步证实了CK2α′与UBA52之间存在相互作用. 本实验证明,人泛素-52氨基酸（UBA52）融合蛋白是人CK2α′亚基的相互作用蛋白, 它们之间的相互作用对精子发生机制的影响尚不清楚,进一步分子机制研究正在进行中.     

EBNA1 partitions Epstein-Barr virus plasmids in yeast cells by attaching to human EBNA1-binding protein 2 on mitotic chromosomes

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) episomal genomes are stably maintained in human cells and are partitioned during cell division by mitotic chromosome attachment. Partitioning is mediated by the viral EBNA1 protein, which binds both the EBV segregation element (FR) and a mitotic chromosomal component. We previously showed that the segregation of EBV-based plasmids can be reconstituted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is absolutely dependent on EBNA1, the EBV FR sequence, and the human EBNA1-binding protein 2 (EBP2). We have now used this yeast system to elucidate the functional contribution of human EBP2 to EBNA1-mediated plasmid partitioning. Human EBP2 was found to attach to yeast mitotic chromosomes in a cell cycle-dependent manner and cause EBNA1 to associate with the mitotic chromosomes. The domain of human EBP2 that binds both yeast and human chromosomes was mapped and shown to be functionally distinct from the EBNA1-binding domain. The functionality and localization of human EBP2 mutants and fusion proteins indicated that the attachment of EBNA1 to mitotic chromosomes is crucial for EBV plasmid segregation in S. cerevisiae, as it is in humans, and that this is the contribution of human EBP2. The results also indicate that plasmid segregation in S. cerevisiae can occur through chromosome attachment.     

Protein transduction domain-hA20 fusion protein protects endothelial cells against high glucose-induced injury

We constructed a plasmid containing a protein transduction domain (PTD) and a human A20 (hA20) gene fragment; the fusion protein was obtained by highly expressing this plasmid in the yeast Pichia pastoris GS115. The plasmid was obtained by adding 9xArg and EcoR? recognition sites to the end of the primer, and 6xHis-Tag and Not? recognition sites to its end. After sequencing, the hA20 gene fragment was inserted into plasmid pPIC9k to construct expression vector pPIC9k-PTD-hA20; then, we transfected GS115 with the vector and induced PTD-hA20 protein expression. We purified protein from the yeast fermentation supernatant using a nickel column. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in high glucose medium (30 mM glucose) and in high glucose medium containing different concentrations of protein. Apoptosis of HUVECs was assayed by TUNEL 72 h later. The biological activity tests indicated that the fusion protein not only passed through the cell membrane freely, but also inhibited apoptosis of HUVECs induced by high glucose levels. We conclude that the fusion protein PTD-hA20 has potential for clinical use.     

Monitoring phase-specific gene expression in Histoplasma capsulatum with telomeric GFP fusion plasmids

Dimorphism is an essential feature of Histoplasma capsulatum pathogenesis, and much attention has been focused on characteristics that are unique to the saprophytic mycelial phase or the parasitic yeast phase. Recently, we identified a secreted calcium-binding protein, CBP, that is produced in large amounts by yeast cells but is undetectable in mycelial cultures. In this study, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was established as a reporter in H. capsulatum to study regulation of CBP1 expression in cultures and in single cells grown under different conditions and inside macrophages. One GFP version that was optimized for human codon usage yielded highly fluorescent Histoplasma yeast cells. By monitoring GFP fluorescence during the transition from mycelia to yeast, we demonstrated that the CBP1 promoter is only fully active after complete morphological conversion to the yeast form, indicating for the first time that CBP1 is developmentally regulated rather than simply temperature regulated. Continuous activity of the CBP1 promoter during infection of macrophages supports the hypothesis that CBP secretion plays an important role for Histoplasma survival within the phagolysosome. Broth cultures of Histoplasma yeasts carrying a CBP–GFP protein fusion construct were able to secrete a full-length fluorescent fusion protein that remained localized within the phagolysosomes of infected macrophages. Additionally, a comparison of two Histoplasma strains carrying the CBP1 promoter fusion construct either epichromosomally or integrated into the chromosome revealed cell-to-cell variation in plasmid copy number due to uneven plasmid partitioning into daughter cells.     

PTD-NPY融合基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

应用重叠延伸PCR方法扩增HIV-1 TAT蛋白转导结构域(PTD)与鼠源神经肽Y(NPY)的融合基因,克隆目的片段并插入酵母表达载体pPICZαA,构建成重组表达质粒pPICZα-PTD-NPY.PCR和酶切鉴定及测序正确后,经限制性内切酶Sac Ⅰ线性化重组表达质粒并通过电转化整合到巴斯德毕赤酵母菌GS115的染色体基因组中.阳性重组酵母菌用含1%甲醇的培养基诱导其分泌表达.经过120 h的诱导,取上清浓缩除盐后进行SDS-PAGE电泳,表明该系统成功表达了PTD-NPY融合蛋白,Western blotting实验证实表达产物具有特异性.获得真核表达的PTD-NPY融合蛋白,为下一步的应用研究提供了物质基础.     

FMDV VP1基因与HSP70基因在毕赤酵母中的融合表达及免疫特性

利用毕赤酵母系统对O型口蹄疫病毒VP1基因与结核杆菌HSP70基因进行融合表达,并检测此融合蛋白对小鼠细胞免疫和体液免疫的影响。将人工合成的O型口蹄疫病毒VP1基因与结核杆菌HSP70基因克隆入酵母表达载体pPICZαA中,以电穿孔法转化酵母菌X-33,用Zeocin YPDS平板筛选重组子,经甲醇诱导表达后,SDS-PAGE和免疫印迹分析表达产物。以皮下接种的方式给小鼠进行3次免疫,同时设两组对照,分别免疫PBS和常规灭活疫苗,然后通过MTT法和ELISA分别检测淋巴细胞的增殖情况和抗体水平。结果表明融合蛋白既能诱导细胞免疫应答又能诱导体液免疫应答,其诱导产生的抗体水平略低于常规灭活疫苗,而细胞免疫水平则高于后者。     

筛选抑制酿酒酵母生长的人类基因

【目的】基于人类基因文库,构建一个筛选抑制酿酒酵母生长的人类基因的方法,并运用此方法筛选含有生长抑制性人源蛋白质的酿酒酵母,用于分析人类基因的生理功能及其抑制剂的寻找。【方法】利用Gateway~(TM)重组技术将人类蛋白质编码基因构建到酿酒酵母表达质粒中。得到的质粒分别转化酿酒酵母细胞中,分析哪些基因的表达会抑制酿酒酵母的生长,并用绿色荧光蛋白标签对典型候选基因在酿酒酵母中的定位进行观察。【结果与结论】本研究建立了抑制酿酒酵母生长的人类基因的筛选方法,并运用此方法成功地从2991个人类蛋白质编码基因中筛选到29个显著抑制酿酒酵母生长的基因。其中一些是引起人类疾病的致病基因。例如,PDLIM4参与到骨质疏松症和前列腺癌的形成和发展,但其生理功能尚不清楚。我们的研究可能为揭示这些候选基因的功能和调节机制提供新的途径。     

Biosynthesis of Inositol by an Enzyme System in the Rice Seeds

As the first step for production of human apolipoprotein E (hApoE) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the hApoE cDNA was cloned in Escherichia coli, on the basis of the nucleotide sequence reported previously. When the hApoE cDNA including its pre-sequence-encoding region was expressed under the control of the GAL7 promoter, no protein immunoreactive with anti-hApoE antibody was detected either in the culture medium or inside the cells. For efficient production and secretion of hApoE in S. cerevisiae, the mature hApoE-encoding region was fused to the prepro-sequence region of Rhizomucor rennin (MPR) and to the whole MPR gene including its prepro- and mature-MPR regions. When the fusion gene consisting of the prepro-sequence-encoding region and hApoE regions was expressed in S. cerevisiae, no protein reactive with the anti-hApoE antibody was detected in any fraction of the yeast cells, probably due to rapid degradation of the hApoE protein by yeast proteases. On the othe hand, when hApoE was expressed as a fusion to the whole MPR protein, a considerable amount of the fused protein was secreted into the medium. The preprosequence of MPR was correctly processed from the fused protein in the medium by autocatalytic activity of MPR and by a protease(s) of the host cell. Integration of the fusion gene into the chromosome at a copy number of eight led to secretion of the fused protein in a larger amount than the case when the fusion gene was carried on a 2-µm plasmid with its copy number of a few hundreds, because the 2-µm derived plasmid containing the fusion gene was very unstable in the yeast cells. The secretion level was also improved by changing g the culture conditions. A maximum yield of hApoE part in the secreted fused protein was estimated to be 23.7 mg per liter and the amount of the fused protein was calculated to be 53.0 mg per liter.     

ATF-PAI2CD融合蛋白基因在毕赤酵母中克隆、表达和鉴定

为了克隆尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物 (uPA)的氨基末端片段与纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物 2型(PAI 2 )突变体所构成的融合蛋白基因 ,并在Pichiapastoris中表达 ,应用PCR获得了人ATF PAI2CD融合蛋白基因cDNA(简称ATF PAI2CD) ,将其克隆到酵母表达载体pPIC9K ,获得融合基因表达质粒pZWY ATF PAI2CD .该质粒转化毕赤酵母菌GS115 ,用G4 18 YPD平板筛选高拷贝转化子 ,然后用甲醇诱导表达 .工程菌用摇瓶发酵 ,表达产物ATF PAI2CD占培养液中总蛋白 5 0 %以上 .经硫酸铵沉淀、分子筛和离子交换层析纯化得到的目标表达产物纯度达 95 % .Western印迹检测具有PAI 2与uPA的免疫原性 ,经牛奶板法检测具有纤溶抑制活性 .经流式细胞仪 (FCM )检测 ,能与肿瘤细胞特异性结合 .结果表明 ,ATF PAI2CD融合蛋白成功地在毕赤酵母中表达 ,且具有抑制uPA及与肿瘤细胞表面uPAR特异性结合的双重功能 .提示该融合蛋白可能具有良好的应用前景 .     

Construction of an alpha-amylase/glucoamylase fusion gene and its expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A fusion gene which encoded a polypeptide comprised of 1116 amino acids was constructed using the alpha-amylase and glucoamylase cDNAs of Aspergillus shirousamii. When the fusion gene was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a yeast expression plasmid under the control of the yeast ADH1 promoter, a bifunctional fusion protein (145 kDa) having both alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities was secreted into the culture medium. The fusion protein had higher raw-starch-digesting activity than those of the original alpha-amylase and glucoamylase, and adsorbed onto raw starch like the glucoamylase. It was suggested that the characteristics are a result of the raw-starch-affinity site in the glucoamylase domain of the fusion protein.     

人FAM92A1基因诱饵表达质粒的构建与鉴定

目的 构建人FAM92A1基因（hFAM92A1）的诱饵表达质粒pGBKT7-hFAM92A1并检测其蛋白表达、毒性和自激活作用.方法 PCR扩增hFAM92A1的基因编码序列并克隆入诱饵表达载体pGBKT7中,酶切和测序鉴定后,转化到酵母AHl09细胞中,Western印迹检测诱饵蛋白表达情况,同时检测诱饵蛋白的毒性和自激活作用.结果 成功构建FAM92A1基因的诱饵表达质粒pGBKT7-hFAM92A1,测序结果正确.Western印迹实验证实酵母细胞高表达诱饵蛋白hFAM92A1,诱饵蛋白没有自激活作用.结论 构建的诱饵表达质粒pGBKT7-hFAM92A1可用于下一步酵母双杂交系统实验,为进一步研究hFAM92A1功能奠定了基础.     

A yeast plasmid partitioning protein is a karyoskeletal component

The Saccharomyces yeast plasmid, 2-micron circle, encodes a partitioning system that ensures equidistribution of plasmid molecules to both progeny following cell division. This system consists of two proteins encoded in plasmid genes REP1 and REP2 and a cis-active noncoding locus, designated REP3. We have raised antibodies against a REP1 beta-galactosidase fusion protein and used them to identify the authentic REP1 protein in plasmid-bearing yeast cells. We find that REP1 protein is located exclusively in the nucleus and co-purifies with a karyoskeletal protein subfraction operationally and morphologically equivalent to the nuclear matrix-pore complex-lamina fraction of higher cells. The carboxyl half of the REP1 protein exhibits strong sequence homology to myosin heavy chain, vimentin, and nuclear lamins A and C, indicating a fibrous structure for the protein. From these observations, we suggest that REP1 protein may promote plasmid partitioning by intercalating into the nuclear lamina of the host cell to provide dispersed anchorage sites for attachment of plasmid molecules.     

角质细胞生长因子-2与核糖体蛋白L22相互作用的发现及在哺乳动物细胞中的验证

通过聚合酶链式反应从人胎肝cDNA文库中钓取KGF-2 cDNA,构建诱饵蛋白载体pAS2-1-KGF-2并对其自身转录激活活性进行鉴定,利用酵母双杂交系统筛选人胎肝cDNA文库,挑选双阳性克隆.DNA序列分析和同源检索显示,所获侯选蛋白为人核糖体蛋白L22(RPL22).将KGF-2和侯选蛋白分别克隆至哺乳动物细胞双杂交的BD、AD质粒中,共同转染COS-7细胞,通过CAT分析验证了KGF-2和侯选蛋白之间的相互作用.为阐明KGF-2作用的分子机制提供有益线索.     

重组人骨保护素片段OPG179与人血清白蛋白在毕赤酵母中的融合表达

目的:在毕赤酵母中融合表达人骨保护素(OPG)片段OPG179与人血清白蛋白(HSA).方法:通过RT-PCR扩增获得OPG179基因,构建表达质粒pHILD2-rhOPG179-HSA,转化至毕赤酵母菌中进行表达、纯化,对分泌表达产物进行SDS-PAGE及Western印迹检测.结果:酶切鉴定与测序结果显示重组表达质...     

Expression of a gene for hybrid protein containing the [Val8] amino acid sequence of calcitonin in yeast cells

A recombinant plasmid has been constructed, which directs the synthesis of a hybrid protein, yeast repressible acid phosphatase [Val8]calcitonin, in yeast. The plasmid contains a truncated gene (pho5) acid phosphatase lacking 96 C-terminal amino acids replaced by the synthetic gene for human calcitonin and sequences required for the plasmid propagation in transformed yeast cells. A modified RIA method using immobilisation of protein extracts on solid supports was developed to monitor the expression of the hybrid protein. By use of this method, as well as by standard RIA of CNBr-cleaved protein extracts, synthesis of a calcitonin-related protein was detected in extracts of transformed strains grown under conditions inducing pho5 promoter.     

Production of recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor in high cell density yeast cultures

The recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) was synthesized in a fusion protein using a GAL1-10 UAS in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the intracellular KEX2 cleavage led excretion of mature rhG-CSF into the extracellular culture broth. The recombinant yeast growth in fed-batch cultures was controlled by precise computer-aided medium feed. The optimal C/N ratio in preinduction (glucose/Casamino acids) and post-induction (galactose/yeast extract) feed media was determined at 3 and 2, respectively. The final rhG-CSF and cell concentration was more than 60 mg/L and 70 g/L, respectively, with around 90% plasmid stability and negligible ethanol accumulation. Comparing the cell growth between the hG-CSF + and hG-CSF - recombinant strains shows that the cloned gene product does not hamper the host cell growth.     

COX16 encodes a novel protein required for the assembly of cytochrome oxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We have characterized Cox16p, a new cytochrome oxidase (COX) assembly factor. This protein is encoded by COX16, corresponding to the previously uncharacterized open reading frame YJL003w of the yeast genome. COX16 was identified in studies of COX-deficient mutants previously assigned to complementation group G22 of a collection of yeast pet mutants. To determine its location, Cox16p was tagged with a Myc epitope at the C terminus. The fusion protein, when expressed from a low-copy plasmid, complements the mutant and is detected solely in mitochondria. Cox16p-myc is an integral component of the mitochondrial inner membrane, with its C terminus exposed to the intermembrane space. Cox16 homologues are found in both the human and murine genomes, although human COX16 does not complement the yeast mutant. Cox16p does not appear to be involved in maturation of subunit 2, copper recruitment, or heme A biosynthesis. Cox16p is thus a new protein in the growing family of eukaryotic COX assembly factors for which there are as yet no specific functions known. Like other recently described nuclear gene products involved in expression of cytochrome oxidase, COX16 is a candidate for screening in inherited human COX deficiencies.     

人肿瘤坏死因子α抑制肽-抗炎酸性尾巴融合蛋白的原核表达及纯化

目的:表达和纯化人肿瘤坏死因子α抑制肽-抗炎酸性尾巴融合蛋白。方法:利用PCR搭接方法及基因合成方法获得目的基因,插入带有6×His标签的原核高效可溶性表达载体pET32a中,构建重组表达质粒pET32a-T9-ac-9,将重组表达质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导目的基因表达;对融合蛋白进行Ni2+金属螯合柱纯化。结果:构建的重组表达质粒经PCR、内切酶鉴定及基因序列测定证实;目的蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得表达,SDS-PAGE显示相对分子质量为22.917×103;对表达产物进行了亲和层析纯化,从上清中获得了纯度较高的人肿瘤坏死因子α抑制肽-抗炎酸性尾巴融合蛋白。结论:获得了可溶性的人肿瘤坏死因子α抑制肽-抗炎酸性尾巴融合蛋白,为其生物学功能研究奠定了基础。