溴氰菊酯对家蝇细胞色素P-450含量的影响

本文研究了溴氰菊酯对正常品系雌性家蝇Musca domestica vieina腹部微粒体细胞色素P-450的诱导作用.结果表明溴氰菊酯对P-450有一定的诱导作用,在低于LD₅₀的波度范围内,浓度高的溴氰菊酯作用较明显,浓度低的溴氰菊酯在重复处理家蝇后也显示出诱导作用.这种诱导作用在24小时内有随时间的延长而增强的趋势.另外对照组与处理组的P-450 CO差光谱的特征吸收峰的波长均为451nm,表明诱导作用未改变P-450的光谱性质.     

以人胚肾培养细胞poly (A)RNA为模板反转录合成ds=-cDNA的研究

反转录酶合成cDNA常产生不完全的转 录产物。为获得全长的cDNA拷贝并提高它 在总cDNA中的比例，已有不少文献提出了一 些措施，效果如何尚有争论^[3]。我们以人胚肾 培养细胞poly(A)⁺ RNA为模板，参照Maniatis 的方法^[5]，建立了一个比较简单易行的反转录 程序，合成了较长的cDNA拷贝。     

真菌-氧化氮还原酶细胞色素P-450nor 2 cDNA序列的测定

在真菌的反硝化作用中,一种细胞色素P-450起着一氧化氮还原酶的作用,被称为细胞色素P-450nor^[1]。最近的研究发现：真菌细胞色素P-450nor有三种类型。除了缣孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)P+450nor(即F．P-450nor)外。还有两种存在于柱孢菌(Cylindrocarpon tonkinense)．即C. P-450norl和2^[2]。 F．P-450nox和C．P-450norl能以NADH为直接的电子供体,使NO还原生成N₂O。C. P-450nor2不仅能直接利用NADH。而且能直接利用NADPH．还原NO生成N₂O。F. P-450nor基因已被克隆和测序^[3-4]。本文测定了C．P-450nor2的eDNA编码区全序列,3’非编码区部分序列和5’引导序列。     

巨型艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊cDNA文库的构建

为构建巨型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria maxima)孢子倾卵囊cDNA表灰文库,从E.maxima孢子化卵囊中提取总RNA,以总RNA为模板、λTriplex2TM为栽体,利用SMARTTM cDNA文库构建试剂盒构建全长cDNA表达文库.经测定构建的E.maxima cDNA表达文库的原始文库容量为1×106 pfu/ml,扩增后的文库滴度为5×1010pfu/ml,重组率为95%,插入片断主要集中在0.5～1kb之间.根据已知序列设计引物,能从文库中扩增出编码E.maxima免疫球蛋白重链结合蛋白的基因序列片段.结果 表明所构建的E.maxima cDNA表达文库质量良好,为克隆、筛选E.maxima的功能性基因奠定了基础.     

从矿化的骨组织中提取骨细胞的总RNA

描述了两个从以含大量羟基磷灰石（钙）和细胞密度、数量甚低为特点的矿化的成年骨组织（成年大鼠颅骨）提取总RNA的改进方法.紫外分光光度法（A260、A280和A230）和1%甲醛变性琼脂糖凝胶电泳予以鉴定.进而以其逆转录的cDNA为模板扩增出β-actin和BMP-2基因,均表明所得总RNA完整和模板活性俱佳.总RNA产量平均为560μg/g骨组织.     

鲤鱼垂体mRNA反转录模板活性的研究

 本实验用不同方法研究鲤鱼垂体mRNA反转录为互补DNA的活性。用硫氰酸胍法,从垂体中提取总RNA,经过Oligo(dT)-纤维素柱层析,得到poly(A)~+RNA。 以mRNA为模板,30％反转录成单链cDNA。利用RNaseH-DNA聚合酶Ⅰ-E.coli DNA连接酶合成双链cDNA。单链cDNA拷贝成双链cDNA。经放射自显影分析,证明合成了全长cDNA。用水解法合成双链cDNA,大多数为不完整的双链cDNA。平末端的双链cDNA连接上Eco RI-linker经Sepharose-4B分离,收集大片段cDNA,与pUC 19载体相连接,经转化构建成10~5克隆/μg mRNA的cDNA文库。     

微粒体细胞色素P-450、NADPH-细胞色素P-450还原酶的纯化与重组活性

经苯巴比妥钠诱导的雄性大白鼠的肝微粒体纯化的细胞色素P-450同功酶组份,经SDS-PAGE鉴定呈电泳纯,分子量为55kD。部分纯化的NADPH-细胞色素P-450还原酶,含72和77kD两个蛋白质组分。上述细胞色素P-450和NADPH-细胞色素P-450还原酶与卵磷脂制备的脂质体重组后的活性试验表明,对艾氏剂有环氧化作用,对环已烷有羟化作用,对溴氰菊酯的羟化作用微弱。当重组系统中缺少细胞色素P-450组份时,对环已烷不再起作用。同时还研究了纯化的细胞色素P-450的光谱特性。     

北柴胡细胞色素P450酶基因的克隆及其植物过量表达载体的构建

目的:克隆北柴胡中可能参与柴胡皂苷生物合成的细胞色素P450酶基因,构建其过量表达载体,为通过转基因验证其功能奠定基础。方法:在454高通量测序获得5'和3'端部分cDNA序列的基础上,利用LD-PCR方法获得全长cDNA,根据全长cDNA序列设计含有酶切位点的PCR引物,利用高保真酶,以RNA反转录产物为模板PCR扩增细胞色素P450酶基因的开放读框,扩增产物与pEASY-T1 Simple载体连接,转化大肠杆菌DH5α;重组质粒pT1-P450经菌液PCR和酶切方法验证后测序,采用NCBI在线Blastx、DNAman和MEGA4软件对序列进行生物信息学分析,随后将pT1-P450的酶切产物插入双元载体pCAMBIA-SUPER 1300,菌液PCR和酶切验证重组质粒p1300-P450。结果:扩增到了北柴胡细胞色素P450酶基因BcCYP87E,构建了这一基因的过量表达载体。结论:细胞色素P450酶基因的克隆和转基因载体的构建,为后续开展转基因研究,验证其生物功能奠定了基础。     

禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒env基因的原核表达及检测

根据禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)SNV株的前病毒基因组cDNA序列,设计并合成1对引物,以SNV株前病毒cDNA全基因组克隆为模板,通过PCR技术扩增出该病毒囊膜糖蛋白env基因部分片段。将PCR产物按正确的阅读框架定向克隆进pGEX-6P-1载体中谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)的下游,将重组质粒转化进宿主菌BL21中,在1.0mmol/LIPTG(37℃)诱导下,env基因部分片段以融合蛋白的形式获得了良好的表达。表达产物经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定,确定其表达的融合蛋白相对分子质量为72kD,并经Western-blot检测,发现在72kd目标条带处呈现一棕红色印迹。     

烟实夜蛾触角普通气味结合蛋白Ⅱ cDNA的克隆、序列分析及在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用RT PCR技术扩增了编码烟实夜蛾Helicoverpa assulta雌、雄虫触角普通气味 结合蛋白Ⅱ的Cdna片段,将其克隆至Pgem-T Easy载体,获得了普通气味结合蛋白Ⅱ基因成熟蛋白阅读框序列。将该基因重组到表达型质粒Pet-30a(+)中,并转化入原核细胞中表达。序列 测定结果表明,烟实夜蛾触角普通气味结合蛋白基因的成熟蛋白阅读框全长489 bp,编码162个 氨基酸残基,预测分子量和等电点分别为18.2 kD和5.35。推导的氨基酸序列与已报道的10种昆虫普通气味结合蛋白Ⅱ高度同源（73%～98%）,并具有气味结合蛋白的典型特征。SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析表明,经IPTG诱导,普通气味结合蛋白Ⅱ基因能在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,电泳检测到一条约23 kD大小的外源蛋白,与预测的融合蛋白分子量大小相应。     

Induction of NADPH-Cytochrome P-450 (c) Reductase in Wounded Tissues from Helianthus tuberosus Tubers

Cytochrome P-450 is not self-sufficient for the catalysis ofmonooxygenase reaction but requires NADPH and NADPH-cytochromeP-450 (c) reductase. The activity of NADPH-cyto-chrome P-450reductase was strongly enhanced by wounding and aging in Jerusalemartichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber tissues. This stimulationwas correlated with the synthesis of the enzyme protein basedon i) quantitation of the reductase protein by Western blotting,ii) incorporation of [³⁵S]methionine into the immunoprecipitableenzyme and iii) an increase in translatable mRNA for the reductasein a cell free system. (Received April 9, 1990; Accepted September 12, 1990)     

艾氏剂环氧化酶及细胞色素P-450对小菜蛾抗药性发展的影响

本文对室内长期饲养的小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)敏感品系和田间采集的抗性种群体内的艾氏剂环氧化酶及细胞色素P-450进行了比较研究。结果证明,艾氏剂环氧化酶在感性和抗性小菜蛾间存在着量及质的差异。 抗性种群的艾氏剂环氧化酶的Vmax和Km值分别为感性品系的5.4倍和6.5倍。抗性种群的细胞色素P-450的含量是感性品系的1.1-1.3倍。艾氏剂环氧化酶在量上及质上的差异及细胞色素P-450含量的提高是导致小菜蛾抗药性发生与发展的重要机制之一。而且质的差异较之量的差异可能起着更为重要的作用,     

Isolation of cytochrome P-450 cDNA clones from the higher plant Catharanthus roseus by a PCR strategy

Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases are membrane-bound enzymes involved in a wide range of biosynthetic pathways in plants. An efficient PCR strategy for isolating cytochrome P-450 cDNA clones from plant cDNA libraries is described. A set of degenerate primers for PCR amplification was designed to recognize nucleotide sequences specifying the highly conserved haembinding region of cytochrome P-450 proteins. Using this primer set and a non-specific primer, complementary to either the poly(A) tail of the cDNA clones or a phage vector sequence, we isolated 16 different cytochrome P-450 cDNA sequences from a cDNA library of Catharanthus roseus.     

Tetcyclacis and Abscisic Acid-Sensitive Reduction of Extracellular Ferricyanide by Mesophyll Cells of Valerianella locusta and Lemna gibba

Electron transport across the plasma membrane of Valerianellalocusta mesophyll cells and intact fronds of Lemna gibba, inducedby 10^–3 M ferricyanide, was inhibited by tetcyclacis,an inhibitor regarded to be specific for cytochrome P-450 mono-oxygenases.The effect was dependent on the concentration of tetcyclacisand the duration of preincubation. The apparent rate of trans-membraneelectron transport increased in the presence of catalase, indicatingtetcyclacis-induced H₂O₂-production or additional tetcyclacis-independentH₂O₂ release. The findings suggest an interaction of cytochromeP-450 with the plasma membrane-located electron transport chain.This redox-chain could be involved in the degradation of abscisicacid, being located at the plasma membrane. This assumptionis supported by the finding that ABA inhibits extracellularferricyanide reduction. Key words: Abscisic acid, cytochrome P-450 mono-oxygenase, plasma membrane, tetcyclacis     

棉铃虫幼虫中肠微粒体P450差光谱与O-脱甲基酶的酶学特征及其可诱导性

棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)幼虫中肠微粒体制备液的CO差光谱在450 nm有吸收峰,P450含量为(687±11) pmol/mg。中肠750 g离心的上清液的O-脱甲基酶活性在酶量相当5个中肠、反应时间30 min内与酶量和反应时间呈线性关系;最适Ph值在7.8, 最适温度为20～25℃。酶系对底物对硝基苯甲醚的O-脱甲基活性的Km=1.23 mmol/L, V_max=2.54 nmol对硝基酚/(mg·min)。NADPH为酶活的重要因子,离体测定时,O-脱甲基酶在无外来NADPH的活性仅为加0.25 mmol/L NADPH 的16%。在反应体系中加入1.5% BSA明显促进产物的生成。P450的专一性抑制剂PBO浓度达到1 mmol/L时,可抑制酶90%的活性。棉铃虫取食含0.25%苯巴比妥钠的食物72 h后,O-脱甲基酶活性是对照组的1.73倍。     

Participation of two structurally related enzymes in rat hepatic microsomal androstenedione 7 alpha-hydroxylation.

Rat hepatic cytochrome P-450 form 3 (testosterone 7 alpha-hydroxylase; P-450 gene IIA1) and P-450 form RLM2 (testosterone 15 alpha-hydroxylase; P-450 gene IIA2) are 88% identical in primary structure, yet they hydroxylate testosterone with distinct and apparently unrelated regioselectivities. In this study, androstenedione and progesterone were used to assess the regioselectivity and stereospecificity of these two P-450 enzymes towards other steroid substrates. Although P-450 RLM2 exhibited low 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity with testosterone or progesterone as substrate (turnover number less than or equal to 1-2 nmol of metabolite/min per nmol of P-450), it did catalyse androstenedione 7 alpha-hydroxylation at a high rate (21 min-1) which exceeded that of P-450 3 (7 min-1). However, whereas P-450 3 exhibited a high specificity for hydroxylation of these steroids at the 7 alpha position (95-97% of total activity), P-450 RLM2 actively metabolized these compounds at four or more major sites including the nearby C-15 position, which dominated in the case of testosterone and progesterone. The observation that androstenedione is actively 7 alpha-hydroxylated by purified P-450 RLM2 suggested that this P-450 enzyme might make significant contributions to microsomal androstenedione 7 alpha-hydroxylation, an activity that was previously reported to be associated with immunoreactive P-450 3. Antibody inhibition experiments were therefore carried out in liver microsomes using polyclonal anti-(P-450 3) antibodies which cross-react with P-450 RLM2, and using a monoclonal antibody that is reactive with and inhibitory towards P-450 3 but not P-450 RLM2. P-450 3 was thus shown to catalyse only around 35% of the total androstenedione 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in uninduced adult male rat liver microsomes, with the balance attributed to P-450 RLM2. The P-450-3-dependent 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was increased to approximately 65% of the total in phenobarbital-induced adult male microsomes, and to greater than 90% of the total in untreated adult female rat liver microsomes. These observations are consistent with the inducibility of P-450 3 by phenobarbital and with the absence of P-450 RLM2 from adult female rat liver respectively. These findings establish that P-450 RLM2 and P-450 3 can both contribute significantly to microsomal androstenedione 7 alpha-hydroxylation, thus demonstrating that the 7 alpha-hydroxylation of this androgen does not serve as a specific catalytic monitor for microsomal P-450 3.     

一种人肝辅酶Ⅱ依赖性视黄醇脱氢酶剪接体cDNA的克隆及特征分析

在用RT-PCR法局部扩增人与小鼠肝脏635bp的NRDR DNA时,在人肝中发现了另一短序列PCR产物,克隆后测序显示其整个序列与NRDR cDNA编码区的前后序列完全一致。采用3’-Race和5’-Race方法,从人肝组织细胞中扩增得到两个全长cDNA,除1261bp的NRDR cDNA外,另一个为全长1003bp、编码区长为525bp的NRDRiso(GenBank登录号：AY071856)。数据库分析表明,NRDRiso编码区是由人NRDR8个外显子中的第1、2、3、7、8外显子选择性剪接而成。缺失的NRDR第4、5、6外显子共258bp,编码86个氨基酸。因此,与人NRDR的260个氨基酸残基相比,NRDRiso由174个氨基酸残基组成,分子量为18．6kDa,并且NRDRiso的组织表达与NRDR明显不同。     

Induction of the phenobarbital form of cytochrome P-450 by chemically unrelated compounds

The induction of the phenobarbital form of cytochrome P-450 by xenobiotics (phenobarbital, PB, hexachlorobenzene, HCB; hexachlorocyclohexane. HCCH, and aroclor 1016, Ar) was studied. It was demonstrated that administration of these compounds to animals is accompanied by an increase in the total cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, benzphetamine-N-demethylase and aldrin-epoxidase activities. Using monospecific antibodies against the cytochrome P-450 form isolated from PB-induced microsomes (PB-cytochrome P-450), a double immunodiffusion test revealed immunological identity of cytochrome P-450 forms induced by phenobarbital and other xenobiotics. The content of this form determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis increased markedly and made up to 20-40% of the total cytochrome P-450 content. Antibodies against PB-cytochrome P-450 inhibited by 50-70% the benzphetamine-N-demethylase and aldrin-epoxidase activities, whereas the antibodies to methylcholanthrene-induced cytochrome P-450 were fairly ineffective. It was concluded that the chemically unrelated compounds induce in liver microsomes a cytochrome P-450 form, whose immunological properties and substrate specificity are close to the PB-form of cytochrome P-450.