城市污泥添加厨余垃圾厌氧发酵产挥发性脂肪酸的研究

为了考察污泥产酸工业化的可行性和添加食品废弃物对污泥产酸的影响,本实验在实验室的基础上进行扩大研究,考察了不同的底物总固体浓度对产挥发性脂肪酸的影响.结果显示添加厨余垃圾之后挥发性脂肪酸的累积量可达到17.62g/L.综合产挥发性脂肪酸效果、底物降解效果和产率等情况建议在较大规模的生产过程中选择130g/L的底物浓度为...     

生物强化污泥厌氧发酵产酸研究进展*

污泥厌氧发酵生产挥发性脂肪酸相较产甲烷,是更具应用价值的污泥稳定途径及资源化利用方式,得到国内外学者的普遍重视。考虑到产酸量低和产酸过程的不稳定性是限制污泥发酵产酸的主要问题,采用生物强化方法实现挥发性脂肪酸的大量积累,与物理和化学方法相比,具有成本低、无二次污染等优点。根据生物强化制剂的类型,归纳了微生物纯培养物、微生物混合培养物及生物酶强化对污泥厌氧发酵产酸的影响,并在此基础上对生物强化技术控制污泥定向产酸、调控奇偶数碳比率等方面的应用进行讨论。此外,分析了影响挥发性脂肪酸产量和组分的因素,如pH、温度、底物、水力停留时间和污泥龄等。最后对生物强化技术的发展方向进行了展望,以期为深入探究污泥资源化利用提供借鉴。     

有机溶剂对污泥厌氧发酵产酸的影响

有机酸是重要的化工原料,从市政污泥厌氧发酵过程提取有机酸、用于生产高附加值的产品可以实现废物资源化,本研究在确定最佳有机溶剂和萃取剂的基础上,考察了有机溶剂对城市污泥厌氧发酵生产有机酸的影响.结果表明,较合适的溶剂和萃取剂分别为磺化煤油和三烷基氧膦.少量磺化煤油对城市污泥发酵产生产有机酸有一定促进作用.     

污泥厌氧发酵产酸的研究进展

污泥厌氧发酵是污水处理厂对污泥实现部分稳定化、减量化和资源化的常用策略。污泥厌氧发酵会产生短链脂肪酸（VFA）,且由于发酵时间短、经济价值高、应用范围广而广受关注。综述污泥厌氧发酵产酸的研究进展,有助于污泥的资源化回收。本文讨论了C/N值、pH、温度,以及污泥停留时间等工艺参数对污泥厌氧发酵产酸的影响,并总结了4种预处理方式（物理预处理、化学预处理、生物预处理、联合预处理）对污泥厌氧发酵的影响,以期为提高污泥厌氧发酵产酸效率提供参考。     

酸碱调控污泥厌氧发酵实现乙酸累积及微生物种群变化

摘要：【目的】通过对污泥厌氧发酵pH调控,研究挥发性脂肪酸的累积、产酸微生物种群变化及产氢产乙酸菌群对乙酸产生的贡献。【方法】测定不同pH条件下污泥厌氧发酵过程中挥发性脂肪酸的累积;分别应用末端限制性片段长度多态性（T-RFLP）和荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）分析产酸系统中微生物种群结构的变化及产氢产乙酸菌的数量。【结果】 pH为10.0时,有机酸和乙酸的产率在发酵结束时分别达到652.6 mg COD/g-VS和322.4 mg COD/g-VS,显著高于其它pH条件。T-RFLP结果表明,pH值为12     

pH值和产甲烷抑制剂对两相耦合系统污泥发酵定向产乙酸的影响

采用产氢产乙酸/同型产乙酸两相耦合工艺对剩余污泥进行了半连续式厌氧发酵,主要研究了pH值和产甲烷抑制剂2-bromoethanesulphonate(BES)对耦合系统定向产乙酸的影响.结果表明:碱性pH(pH=10.0)和添加BES都能促进A相乙酸的积累,提高乙酸的产率,同时碱性pH比添加BES更有利于污泥的水解.当...     

利用皇竹草处理城市污泥生产植物产品

利用大生物量植物——皇竹草(Pennisetum hydridum),处理城市污泥高效生产有用的植物产品。通过小型田间试验,采用根兜分株移栽和直接扦插方式种植皇竹草,比较土壤、新鲜污泥、土壤+新鲜污泥等体积混合、植物处理后的污泥4种介质的适应性,测定了皇竹草的成活率和生长状况,以及污泥自身性质的变化;通过盆栽试验及田间试验进一步探讨育苗后移栽在新鲜污泥上的可行性。结果表明,新鲜污泥上直接扦插的皇竹草无一存活,即使是根兜分株移栽其成活率也仅为16.67%,生长较差。而对于土壤+污泥混合物或植物处理后的污泥,采用直接扦插方式,皇竹草的成活率也分别达58.33%、75.00%,两个月干草产量达22.20、19.80 t/hm2,为土壤上的5.11、4.55倍。皇竹草吸收K较明显,3个有污泥的处理皇竹草K含量接近40 g/kg干重,N、P2O5、K2O的总含量大于70 g/kg,可作为有机K肥原料;皇竹草重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量均符合国家饲料卫生标准(GB 13078—2001),作为饲料是安全的。盆栽试验及田间试验表明,采用育苗后移栽的方式,皇竹草在新鲜污泥上的成活率达66.67%以上。因此,城市污泥直接种植皇竹草可以实现资源化利用。     

接种量及秸秆加入量对城市污泥厌氧发酵产气特性的影响

研究不同接种量及秸秆加入量条件下污泥的厌氧消化产气规律,并分析厌氧消化前后污泥性质的变化。实验结果表明:体积比(下同)为10%沼液接种回流污泥(碳氮比为6.16)的产气效率优于20%沼液接种回流的污泥(碳氮比为5.99),但不显著;秸秆的加入使污泥产气效率明显提高,且秸秆加入量对产气量也有显著影响。接种体积比为20%沼液的处理污泥(1600mL泥)加入20g秸秆(碳氮比为7.53)后,比加入15g秸秆(碳氮比为7.15)产气量增加783mL,碳氮比最高的为10%沼液、15g秸秆污泥,为7.94,其产气总量和CH4含量也较高。同时,厌氧消化改变了污泥的理化性质,消化后的污泥有机质质量分数(不包括秸秆)平均降低2.4%。     

厌氧发酵液中溶解性有机物对活性污泥合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯影响的研究进展

利用活性污泥微生物将剩余污泥发酵液中的挥发性脂肪酸(Volatile fatty acids,VFAs)转化为聚羟基脂肪酸酯(Polyhydroxyalkanoates,PHA)是目前环境生物技术领域的研究热点.但针对发酵液中非VFAs物质(主要是溶解性有机物,Dissolved organic matter,DOM)...     

碱-组合工艺预处理剩余污泥研究进展

城市污泥在进行厌氧发酵处理时,所需时间长、SS降解率低、产气量也低,难以有效达到污泥减量化的目的(VS去除率30％左右).污泥的厌氧发酵包括水解、酸化、产乙酸、产甲烷的过程.研究发现在污泥进行厌氧发酵过程中固态有机物的水解、酸化是限速步骤,因此为了促进污泥的水解、酸化,使更多的固体有机物转化为水溶性的有机物,进而提高厌氧发酵的效率实现污泥的减量化、无害化和资源化利用,对污泥预处理是必须的.该文着重介绍了NaOH及其组合工艺对污泥预处理的影响.     

餐厨垃圾协同剩余污泥发酵产酸的生物过程与影响因素研究进展

资源化利用是应对餐厨垃圾(Kitchen waste,KW)和剩余污泥(Excess sludge,ES)快速增加的有效方法,而厌氧发酵获得挥发性脂肪酸(Volatile fatty acids,VFAs)是其中的重要方式之一,但单一底物限制了VFAs的高效生产.近年来,不同底物厌氧共发酵产生VFAs被广泛研究与应用,...     

Anaerobic acidogenesis of primary sludge: the role of solids retention time

This research investigates the effect of solids retention time (SRT) on the acid-phase anaerobic digestion of primary sludge. A series of experiments were conducted using two continuous-flow 3-L units with the following configuration: a completely mixed reactor (CMR) with clarifier and solids recycle and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Results show that C(2) to C(5) volatile fatty acids (VFA) were the predominant compounds formed. At a constant hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h, variation in SRT from 10 to 20 days resulted in a slight increase in VFA production in both systems, but at a shorter SRT (5 days) a drastic drop in acid production was observed. In addition, the percent distribution of VFA was to some extent affected by the change in SRT. On the other hand, organic matter degradation [measured by the chemical oxygen demand (COD) specific solubilization rate or the percent volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction] appeared to be independent of SRT, at least in the range investigated. The percent soluble COD in the form of VFA, however, increased steadily with increasing SRT, approaching the 90% level at 20 days. The remaining soluble COD in the effluent from these systems may be mainly attributed to metabolic intermediates and unused soluble substrate. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Enhanced Methane Production from Anaerobic Digestion of Disintegrated and Deproteinized Excess Sludge

To improve biogas yield and methane content in anaerobic digestion of excess sludge from the wastewater treatment plant, the sludge was disintegrated by using various methods (sonication, alkaline and thermal treatments). Since disintegrated sludge contains a high concentration of soluble proteins, the resulting metabolite, ammonia, may inhibit methane generation. Therefore, the effects of protein removal from disintegrated sludge on methane production were also studied. As a result, an obvious enhancement of biogas generation was observed by digesting disintegrated sludge (biogas yield increased from 15 to 36 ml/g COD_added·day for the raw excess sludge and the sonicated sludge, respectively). The quality of biogas was also improved by removing proteins from the disintegrated sludge. About 50% (w/w) of soluble proteins were removed from the suspension of disintegrated sludge by salting out using 35 g MgCl₂·6H₂O/l and also by isoelectric point precipitation at pH 3.3. For deproteinized sludge, methane production increased by 19%, and its yield increased from 145 ml/g COD_removed to 325 ml/g COD_removed. Therefore, the yield and quality of biogas produced from digestion of excess sludge can be enhanced by disintegrating the sludge and subsequent protein removal. Revisions requested 14 November 2005; Revisions received 13 January 2006     

利用剩余活性污泥合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯的研究进展

利用单一微生物发酵是现阶段获得聚羟基脂肪酸酯 (PHA) 的主要方式,但过高的生产成本限制了其大规模应用。近年来利用活性污泥菌群混合培养合成PHA被广泛研究。将剩余污泥处理与PHA合成相结合,不仅可以省去纯培养所必需的灭菌环节,同时可以实现剩余污泥的资源化利用。剩余污泥的水解酸化、菌群富集驯化及PHA合成受环境因素影响,深入的生物合成机制研究有助于混合培养合成PHA的推广应用。文中主要介绍利用剩余污泥合成PHA的可行性、影响剩余污泥水解酸化的因素、污泥菌群富集驯化合成PHA及其机制等方面的研究进展。     

Simulation on long-term operation of an anaerobic bioreactor for Korean food wastes

A mathematical model was formulated to simulate the long-term performance of an anaerobic bioreactor designed to digest Korean food wastes. The system variables of various decomposition steps were built into the model, which predicts the temporal characters of solid waste, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) in the reactor, and gas production in response to various input loadings and temperatures. The predicted values of VFA and gas production were found to be in good agreement with experimental observations in batch and repeated-input systems. Finally, long-term reactor performance was simulated with respect to the seasonal temperature changes from 5°C in winter to 25°C in summer at different food waste input loadings. The simulation results provided us with information concerning the success or failure of a process during long-term operation.     

不同碳源诱导下牦牛瘤胃厌氧真菌Orpinomyces sp. YF3的产酶机制

为探究体外发酵牦牛瘤胃源厌氧真菌Orpinomyces sp. YF3在不同碳源诱导下的产酶机制,本研究利用厌氧培养管在10 mL基础培养基中分别添加不同碳源复杂度的葡萄糖(glucose, Glu)、滤纸(filter paper, Flp)、微晶纤维素(avicel, Avi)各8 g/L作为唯一碳源进行体外发酵,检测发酵液中的纤维降解酶活性和挥发性脂肪酸,并利用转录组学探究Orpinomyces sp. YF3的产酶机制。结果表明葡萄糖诱导下的发酵液中羧甲基纤维素酶、微晶纤维素酶、滤纸酶和木聚糖酶的活性,及乙酸的比例显著升高(P＜0.05),丙酸、丁酸、异丁酸的比例显著降低(P＜0.05)。进一步分析发现与纤维降解酶相关的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes, DEGs)在Glu组中显著上调。基因本体论(gene ontology, GO)功能富集显示DEGs主要集中在木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、葡萄糖和碳水化合物等的分解代谢过程及相关酶活性,京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG)通路分析富集到的纤维降解酶相关的差异通路主要是淀粉和蔗糖代谢途径、其他聚糖降解途径。以上结果表明,以葡萄糖为碳源底物的Orpinomyces sp. YF3可增加纤维素降解酶活性,提高乙酸比例,通过调控纤维降解酶基因的表达及相关代谢通路来提高对底物的降解能力,提高能量利用效率。这为Orpinomyces sp. YF3在实际生产中的应用提供了理论基础。