新疆准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因的克隆和抗冻活性分析

根据GenBank中已发表的昆虫抗冻蛋白基因的保守序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术结合3'-RACE扩增的方法,从新疆荒漠昆虫准噶尔小胸鳖甲 Microdera punctipenis dzunarica中获得了长约294 bp不含信号肽的抗冻蛋白cDNA片段,命名为MpAFP5,其全长序列为363 bp(GenBank注册号为：AY821792)。基因测序结果表明, MpAFP5-cDNA片段与加拿大拟步甲Dendroides canadensis AFP 8基因片段、黄粉甲Tenebrio molitor THP 4-9基因片段的核苷酸同源性分别达68.4%和71.8%,氨基酸序列同源性分别达70%和81%。将MpAFP5构建到原核表达载体pGEX4T-1中,重组质粒pGEX4T-1-MpAFP5在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中能够表达融合抗冻蛋白,SDS-PAGE分析显示融合蛋白的分子量约为37 kD,Western印迹分析证明MpAFP5在大肠杆菌中正确表达。细菌的抗冻实验结果显示准噶尔小胸鳖甲融合抗冻蛋白对细菌具有显著的抗冻保护作用,保护效果与抗冻蛋白剂量呈正相关性。     

新疆黄精凝集素基因的克隆、序列分析和表达

用百合科黄精属植物凝集素基因的保守序列为引物,从新疆黄精的叶中克隆出黄精凝集素的全长cDNA。序列分析表明, 克隆获得的新疆黄精凝集素(Polygonatum roseum agglutinin, PRA)基因完整的ORF片段大小为550 bp, 编码1 条长159个氨基酸肽链, 没有内含子, 其中N 端的28个氨基酸是信号肽。对新疆黄精凝集素cDNA 序列同源性的分析比较发现, 黄精属植物凝集素基因之间有很高的同源性(92%)。氨基酸序列比对和SWISS-MODEL同源模建分析表明, PRA由12个b-折叠片组成的b-桶结构, 具有与单子叶植物甘露糖结合凝集素相似的空间结构。重组质粒pGEX-4T-1-PRA 和pMAL-p2x-PRA, 分别转化E. coli BL21进行原核表达, 新疆黄精凝集素能够以可溶性融合蛋白形式表达, 分子量约为14 kD。构建真核表达载体pcDNA3-PRA, 免疫小鼠后获得了抗血清。免疫印迹结果显示为单一的条带, 证明该抗血清具有针对PRA抗原的专一性。新疆黄精凝集素基因的克隆、原核和真核的表达以及抗血清的制备, 为进一步研究凝集素蛋白的性质和功能, 并为植物抗病虫基因工程研究提供有用的实验材料。     

新疆黄精凝集素基因的克隆、序列分析和表达

用百合科黄精属植物凝集素基因的保守序列为引物,从新疆黄精的叶中克隆出黄精凝集素的全长cDNA。序列分析表明, 克隆获得的新疆黄精凝集素(Polygonatum roseum agglutinin, PRA)基因完整的ORF片段大小为550 bp, 编码1 条长159个氨基酸肽链, 没有内含子, 其中N 端的28个氨基酸是信号肽。对新疆黄精凝集素cDNA 序列同源性的分析比较发现, 黄精属植物凝集素基因之间有很高的同源性(92%)。氨基酸序列比对和SWISS-MODEL同源模建分析表明, PRA由12个b-折叠片组成的b-桶结构, 具有与单子叶植物甘露糖结合凝集素相似的空间结构。重组质粒pGEX-4T-1-PRA 和pMAL-p2x-PRA, 分别转化E. coli BL21进行原核表达, 新疆黄精凝集素能够以可溶性融合蛋白形式表达, 分子量约为14 kD。构建真核表达载体pcDNA3-PRA, 免疫小鼠后获得了抗血清。免疫印迹结果显示为单一的条带, 证明该抗血清具有针对PRA抗原的专一性。新疆黄精凝集素基因的克隆、原核和真核的表达以及抗血清的制备, 为进一步研究凝集素蛋白的性质和功能, 并为植物抗病虫基因工程研究提供有用的实验材料。     

洛氏脊漠甲抗冻蛋白基因的克隆、表达和功能检测

为了研究抗冻蛋白基因是否在新疆荒漠昆虫洛氏脊漠甲 Pterocoma loczyi 中存在,利用 RT-PCR 技术克隆获得了洛氏脊漠甲抗冻蛋白的 cDNA 片段,命名为 Plafp743。测序结果表明洛氏脊漠甲 Plafp743 所编码的蛋白质由 94 个氨基酸组成,蛋白序列呈现规则结构 CTX₁X₂X₃X₄CX₅X₆X₇X₈X ₉。利用原核表达载体构建重组质粒 pGEX-4T-1-Plafp743,转化 Escherichia coli BL21 进行融合蛋白表达,SDS-PAGE 结果表明抗冻蛋白PLAFP基因以可溶性融合蛋白形式表达,相对分子质量 36 kD。用 Glutathione Sepharose 4B 亲和柱对表达蛋白进行纯化后,通过赤翅甲 Dendroides canadensis 抗冻蛋白的小鼠抗血清进行 Western blot 分析,结果表明纯化的 GST-PLAFP 融合蛋白与赤翅甲抗血清能够发生特异性的免疫反应。大肠杆菌的低温抗冻保护实验结果证明,30 μg/mL 的 GST-PLAFP 在-6℃ 对细菌具有显著的保护作用,且随着抗冻蛋白浓度的增加,抗冻保护作用的效 果也随之增加。本研究首次报道了从荒漠昆虫洛氏脊漠甲扩增得到抗冻蛋白基因,提示抗冻蛋白可能是荒漠昆虫普遍采取的过冬生存策略,为进一步开发利用昆虫抗冻蛋白奠定了基础。     

野生大豆SAMS同源基因的克隆及分析

硫腺苷甲硫氨酸作为甲基供体在转甲基反应中起到重要作用.从低温(4℃)、高盐(200 mmol/L NaCl)及干旱(30%PEG)处理的东北野生大豆幼苗叶片中提取总RNA,经反转录合成cDNA第一链,以cDNA第一链为模板,应用已知的EST序列设计一对PCR引物扩增SAM合成酶基因的全长序列,最后经BLAST比较分析,确定所获得的SAMS基因序列完整性.所得序列长1185 bp,具有完整的开放读码框,编码394个氨基酸,与棉豆和苜蓿的SAM合成酶基因的核苷酸序列的同源性分别为89%、85%.构建了以pET-32b为基础的原核表达载体并进行原核表达分析,分析SAMS基因的表达情况.为后续的抗逆性功能验证奠定基础.     

黄粉甲抗冻蛋白AFP84a在大肠杆菌中的高效表达及活性检测

为表达和纯化黄粉甲Tenebrio molitor抗冻蛋白, 采用RT-PCR方法扩增得到黄粉甲抗冻蛋白基因afp84a cDNA, 将其连接到pMAL-p2X质粒上, 构建分泌型融合表达载体pMAL-p2X-afp84a, 并在大肠杆菌Escherichia coli TBI中表达; 进一步利用Amylose柱亲和纯化出该重组蛋白, 后利用细菌抗寒性检测重组蛋白的生物活性。结果显示: 融合蛋白含量占总可溶蛋白的40%。SDS-PAGE分析表明, 用MgSO4处理法与超声波细胞破碎法均可使融合蛋白从细胞中释放; 融合蛋白经Amylose柱亲和纯化, Factor Xa因子酶切, 电泳显示获得的目的蛋白呈单一条带。细菌抗寒性检测表明该重组蛋白具有较高的抗冻活性。黄粉甲抗冻蛋白基因afp84a cDNA的克隆、 原核表达为进一步研究抗冻蛋白的性质和应用提供了有用的实验材料。     

家蝇变应原Tropomyosin基因的克隆、序列分析及诱导表达

对家蝇变应原原肌球蛋白(Tropomyosin)基因进行同源克隆,序列分析;构建原核表达载体并在大肠杆菌中表达。从家蝇幼虫cDNA文库中筛选获得Tropomyosin基因。以该基因的cDNA文库质粒为模板,进行PCR扩增,获得家蝇Tropomyosin完整编码序列。运用生物信息学方法对该基因及其编码蛋白的基本理化性质、信号肽、二级结构、三级结构、抗原表位和亚细胞定位等方面进行预测和分析。构建pEASY-E1-Tropomyosin重组质粒,转化到大肠杆菌OrigamiB(DE3)中进行诱导表达。Tropomyosin基因ORF全长828 bp,编码275个氨基酸,理论分子量31.6 kD;等电点为4.65,具有Tropomyosin家族的蛋白保守结构域。成功构建重组原核表达pEASY-E1-Tropomyosin并诱导表达重组蛋白。     

大白菜BcPLH基因的原核表达及其蛋白产物的Western分析

BcpLH基因是大白菜包叶组织特异的新基因,含有双链RNA结合域。在含有His标记序列的原核表达载体pET28-a(+)上插入Bc-pLH基因的cDNA,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达出了特异性蛋白,并免疫大白兔制备出高效价的抗血清;同时,将BcpLH基因插入到含有超级助溶剂的pMAL-c2载体上,并在大肠杆菌DH5α中诱导表达,结果获得了可溶的蛋白。Western斑点印迹分析的结果证明了BcpLH的特异性。BcpLH活性蛋白及其抗血清的产生为研究BcpLH基因的RNA结合     

人Artemin cDNA扩增及表达

以人胎脑RNA为模板, 采用RT-PCR技术扩增人Artemin cDNA。序列分析表明, 扩增的人Artemin cDNA核苷酸序列与已发表序列(GenBank登录号：AF115765)同源性为99.7%, 氨基酸序列同源性为100%。将经过序列分析确定的Artemin cDNA插入原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1中, 构建重组表达载体pGEX-6p-1-hART。通过SDS-PAGE分析重组人Artemin融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的表达情况。结果表明, 重组人Artemin融合蛋白表达量约占宿主菌总蛋白的18.32%, 主要以包涵体形式存在。对表达的重组人Artemin融合蛋白包涵体进行溶解和复性, 并进行Western blotting分析。说明体外成功扩增人Artemin cDNA, 并在原核表达系统中高效表达了重组人Artemin融合蛋白。     

Cloning, sequencing and prokaryotic expression of cDNAs for antifreeze protein family from beetle Tenebrio molitor

Partial cDNA sequences coding for antifreeze proteins in Tenebrio molitor were obtained by RT-PCR.Sequence analysis revealed nine putative cDNAs with a high degree of homology to Tenebrio molitor antifreeze protein genes published in GenBank.The recombinant pGEX-4T-l-tmafp-XJ430 was introduced into E.coli BL21 to induce a GST fusion protein by IPTG.SDS-PAGE analysis for the fusion protein shows a band of 38 kDa.pCDNA3- tmafp-XJ430 was injected into mice to generate antiserum which was later detected by indirect ELISA.The titer of the antibody was 1:2000.Western blot-ting analysis shows that the antiserum was specifically against the antifreeze protein.Our results laid the founda-tion for further studies on the properties and functions of insect antifreeze proteins.     

Cloning, sequencing and prokaryotic expression of cDNAs for antifreeze protein family from beetle Tenebrio molitor

Partial cDNA sequences coding for antifreeze proteins in Tenebrio molitor were obtained by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis revealed nine putative cDNAs with a high degree of homology to Tenebrio molitor antifreeze protein genes published in GenBank. The recombinant pGEX-4T-1-tmafp-XJ430 was introduced into E. coli BL21 to induce a GST fusion protein by IPTG. SDSPAGE analysis for the fusion protein shows a band of 38 kDa. pCDNA3-tmafp-XJ430 was injected into mice to generate antiserum which was later detected by indirect ELISA. The titer of the antibody was 1:2000.Western blotting analysis shows that the antiserum was specifically against the antifreeze protein. Our results laid the foundation for further studies on the properties and functions of insect antifreeze proteins. __________ Translated from Hereditas (Beijing), 2006, 28(12): 1532-1540 [译自: 遗传]     

准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因Mpafp149的生物信息学分析

利用生物信息学方法对准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白基因Mpafp149所编码蛋白MPAFP149进行分析,分别从氨基酸组成、理化性质、二三级结构和功能、进化关系等方面进行预测。结果表明MPAFP149与其他昆虫抗冻蛋白在氨基酸水平上具有79％的相似性,二级结构上预测其为水溶性蛋白,含有信号肽和跨膜区。三级结构上与黄粉虫抗冻蛋白YL-1具有较高的相似性,并且具有昆虫抗冻蛋白所特有的结构域。本研究为准噶尔小胸鳖甲抗冻蛋白功能的研究鉴定了基础。     

黄粉虫不同抗冻蛋白基因家族成员的低温应激表达

黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor L.抗冻蛋白基因家族有多个成员,其氨基酸数量和蛋白结构存在差异。尽管有报道发现冷驯化后这些抗冻蛋白的表达量会升高,但不同家族成员是否存在功能分化尚不清楚。本研究中,检测了冷驯化对低温死亡率的效应和对不同类型的抗冻蛋白家族成员基因表达量的影响。结果表明,冷驯化可以显著降低黄粉虫幼虫的低温死亡率和提高不同类型抗冻蛋白基因的表达量。其中,长的抗冻蛋白和低温死亡率的相关关系最为明显。说明不同的抗冻蛋白家族成员的功能有明显的分化,为进一步理解抗冻蛋白的活性和利用抗冻蛋白提供了新的认识。     

抗冻蛋白活性的差示扫描量热测定及其吸附-抑制机制

用差示扫描量热技术(DSC)测定了从黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)幼虫体内提取的抗冻蛋白(AFP)的活性,结果表明AFP活性随其浓度的增加及初始冰晶量的减少而增大,这与AFP对冰晶的吸附-抑制机制相一致。     

A complex family of highly heterogeneous and internally repetitive hyperactive antifreeze proteins from the beetle Tenebrio molitor.

We have previously identified a Thr- and Cys-rich thermal hysteresis (antifreeze) protein (THP) in the beetle Tenebrio molitor that has 10-100 times the freezing point depression activity of fish antifreeze proteins. Because this 8.4 kDa protein is significantly different in its properties from THP preparations previously reported from this insect, a thorough search was undertaken for other antifreeze types. Many active proteins were observed, but all appeared to be isoforms of the THP that differed in their number of 12-amino acid repeats (consensus sequence CTxSxxCxxAxT), amino acid substitutions, and N-linked glycosylation. Mass spectral analysis has matched most of these isoforms with cDNA sequences of 17 different clones from a larval fat body library that encode eight different mature THPs containing 84, 96, or 120 amino acids. Genomic Southern blots suggest there may be 30-50 tightly linked copies of the gene, which is a signature consistently seen with unrelated fish antifreeze protein genes, and one that has been associated with the need to rapidly increase gene product in response to climate change. A three-dimensional model is proposed for the fully disulfide-bonded structure of T. molitor THP, which can accommodate addition or deletion of 12-amino acid repeats. The structure is a beta-helix that places most of the Thr in a regular array on one side of the protein to form a putative ice-binding surface.     

应用差示扫描量热法检测昆虫总蛋白的热滞活性

产生抗冻蛋白是寒带昆虫抵御低温的重要机制之一, 但检测其活性仍存在一些困难, 尤其对于个体较小的昆虫样品。为了探索差示扫描量热法是否适于检测昆虫总蛋白的热滞活性, 本研究利用差示扫描量热法对黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor幼虫的总蛋白和血淋巴分别进行了热滞活性检测。结果表明： 黄粉虫总蛋白的热滞活性（0.49~0.98℃）要低于血淋巴（2.54~4.34℃）。通过这种方法, 进一步检测了3种在内蒙古大兴安岭林区采集到的越冬昆虫： 稠李巢蛾Yponomeuta evonymallus幼虫、 舞毒蛾Lymantria dispar卵和落叶松八齿小蠹Ips subelongatus成虫。结果发现, 它们都存在热滞活性, 其中稠李巢蛾的热滞活性为0.34~0.43℃, 舞毒蛾的热滞活性为0.35~0.42℃, 落叶松八齿小蠹的热滞活性为0.37~0.40℃, 说明这3种昆虫能以产生抗冻蛋白的方式作为越冬策略之一。本研究表明通过差示扫描量热法检测昆虫总蛋白是否存在热滞活性来判断抗冻蛋白的存在是可行的。     

Folding and structural characterization of highly disulfide-bonded beetle antifreeze protein produced in bacteria

The hyperactive antifreeze protein from the beetle, Tenebrio molitor, is an 8.5-kDa, threonine-rich protein containing 16 Cys residues, all of which are involved in disulfide bonds. When produced by Escherichia coli, the protein accumulated in the supernatant in an inactive, unfolded state. Its correct folding required days or weeks of oxidation at 22 or 4 degrees C, respectively, and its purification included the removal of imperfectly folded forms by reversed-phase HPLC. NMR spectroscopy was used to assess the degree of folding of each preparation. One-dimensional (1)H and two-dimensional (1)H total correlation spectroscopy spectra were particularly helpful in establishing the characteristics of the fully folded antifreeze in comparison to less well-folded forms. The recombinant antifreeze had no free -SH groups and was rapidly and completely inactivated by 10 mM DTT. It had a thermal hysteresis activity of 2.5 degrees C at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, whereas fish antifreeze proteins typically show a thermal hysteresis of approximately 1.0 degrees C at 10-20 mg/ml. The circular dichroism spectra of the beetle antifreeze had a superficial resemblance to those of alpha-helical proteins, but deconvolution of the spectra indicated the absence of alpha-helix and the presence of beta-structure and coil. NMR analysis and secondary structure predictions agree with the CD data and are consistent with a beta-helix model proposed for the antifreeze on the basis of its 12-amino-acid repeating structure and presumptive disulfide bond arrangement.