Cupping therapy is one form of alternative medicine that is used widely across the world. Although the applications of cupping therapy including pain relief have a 1000‐year history, the therapeutic effect of cupping is still questionable due to a lack of scientific evidence. Therefore, in the present study, we embedded a near‐infrared spectroscopic sensor into a suction cup to monitor the hemodynamic changes on the treated site while the hemodynamics at the surrounding tissue of the cup was also simultaneously monitored by another near‐infrared spectroscopic sensor. The results from 10 healthy male subjects show a dramatic increase of the oxy‐hemoglobin (OHb) and deoxy‐hemoglobin (RHb) concentrations at the treatment site while the OHb and RHb levels were decreased at the surrounding tissue. Moreover, after the treatment, we observed that the OHb concentrations were maintained at a higher level than before treatment at both sites, which may demonstrate how cupping therapy works for treatment. In summary, the results showed that cupping therapy increases blood volume and tissue oxygenation at the treatment site while those were slightly decreased at the surrounding tissue. This study showed that the embedding of near‐infrared spectroscopy in a cupping system could offer a better understanding of the mechanism of cupping therapy. 相似文献
Penetration depth of near‐infrared laser radiation to costal cartilage is controlled by the tissue absorption and scattering, and it is the critical parameter to provide the relaxation of mechanical stress throughout the whole thickness of cartilage implant. To enhance the penetration for the laser radiation on 1.56 μm, the optical clearing solutions of glycerol and fructose of various concentrations are tested. The effective and reversible tissue clearance was achieved. However, the increasing absorption of radiation should be concerned: 5°C‐8°C increase of tissue temperature was detected. Laser parameters used for stress relaxation in cartilage should be optimized when applying optical clearing agents. To concentrate the absorption in the superficial tissue layers, magnetite nanoparticle (NP) dispersions with the mean size 95 ± 5 nm and concentration 3.9 ± 1.1 × 1011 particles/mL are applied. The significant increase in the tissue heating rate was observed along with the decrease in its transparency. Using NPs the respective laser power can be decreased, allowing us to obtain the working temperature locally with reduced thermal effect on the surrounding tissue. 相似文献
The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal and near‐infrared (NIR) reflectance imaging methods for the assessment of the activity of root caries lesions. In addition, changes in the lesion structure were monitored with polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS‐OCT). Artificial bovine and natural root caries lesions were imaged with PS‐OCT, and their dehydration rate was measured with thermal and NIR cameras. The lesion activity of the natural root caries samples was also assessed by two clinicians by conventional means according to ICDAS II guidelines. The thickness of the highly mineralized transparent surface layer measured using PS‐OCT increased and the area enclosed by the time‐temperature curve, ΔQ, measured with thermal imaging decreased significantly with longer periods of remineralization in simulated dentin lesions, but the NIR reflectance intensity differences, ΔI, failed to show any significant relationship with the degree of remineralization. The PS‐OCT algorithm for the automated assessment of remineralization successfully detected the highly mineralized surface layer on both natural and simulated lesions. Thermal imaging provided the most accurate diagnosis of root caries lesion activity. These results demonstrate that thermal imaging and PS‐OCT may be ideally suited for the nondestructive root caries lesion activity during a clinical examination.
Using the characteristics of hydrogen peroxide that are able to cleave phenyl‐boric acid selectively and efficiently, we here report a dicyanoisophorone‐boric acid ( DCP‐BA )‐based near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe for detection of hydrogen peroxide. This probe shows a rapid, highly selective, and sensitive detection process for hydrogen peroxide with a significant NIR fluorescent turn‐on response that has been successfully applied to detect exogenous hydrogen peroxide in HeLa cells. 相似文献
Near‐infrared (NIR) radiation has been employed using one‐ and two‐photon excitation of fluorescence imaging at wavelengths 650–950 nm (optical window I) for deep brain imaging; however, longer wavelengths in NIR have been overlooked due to a lack of suitable NIR‐low band gap semiconductor imaging detectors and/or femtosecond laser sources. This research introduces three new optical windows in NIR and demonstrates their potential for deep brain tissue imaging. The transmittances are measured in rat brain tissue in the second (II, 1,100–1,350 nm), third (III, 1,600–1,870 nm), and fourth (IV, centered at 2,200 nm) NIR optical tissue windows. The relationship between transmission and tissue thickness is measured and compared with the theory. Due to a reduction in scattering and minimal absorption, window III is shown to be the best for deep brain imaging, and windows II and IV show similar but better potential for deep imaging than window I.
For many years, it has been recognized that potential organic photovoltaic cells must be integrated into elements requiring high transparency. In most of such elements, sunlight is likely to be incident at large angles. Here it is demonstrated that light transmission can be largely decoupled from harvesting by optically tailoring an infrared shifted nonfullerene acceptor based organic cell architecture. A 9.67% power conversion efficiency at 50° incidence is achieved together with an average visual transmission above 50% at normal incidence. The deconstruction of a 1D nanophotonic structure is implemented to conclude that just two λ/4 thick layers are essential to reach, for a wide incidence angle range, a higher than 50% efficiency increase relative to the standard configuration reference. In an outdoor measurement of vertically positioned 50% visible transparent cells, it is demonstrated that 9.80% of sunlight energy can be converted into electricity during the course of 1 day. 相似文献
Several optical imaging techniques have been used to monitor bacterial tropisms for cancer. Most such techniques require genetic engineering of the bacteria to express optical reporter genes. This study investigated a novel tumor‐targeting strain of bacteria, Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 (R. sphaeroides), which naturally emits near‐infrared fluorescence, thereby facilitating the visualization of bacterial tropisms for cancer. To determine the penetration depth of bacterial fluorescence, various numbers of cells (from 108 to 1010 CFU) of R. sphaeroides and two types of Escherichia coli, which stably express green fluorescent protein (GFP) or red fluorescent protein (RFP), were injected s.c. or i.m. into mice. Bacterial tropism for cancer was determined after i.v. injection of R. sphaeroides (108 CFU) into mice implanted s.c. with eight types of tumors. The intensity of the fluorescence signal in deep tissue (muscle) from R. sphaeroides was much stronger than from E. coli‐expressing GFP or RFP. The near‐infrared fluorescence signal from R. sphaeroides was visualized clearly in all types of human or murine tumors via accumulation of bacteria. Analyses of C‐reactive protein and procalcitonin concentrations and body weights indicated that i.v. injection of R. sphaeroides does not induce serious systemic immune reactions. This study suggests that R. sphaeroides could be used as a tumor‐targeting microorganism for the selective delivery of drugs to tumor tissues without eliciting a systemic immune reaction and for visualizing tumors. 相似文献
PC-3 human prostate cancer cells have been cultivated in a rotating wall vessel in which glucose, lactate, and glutamine profiles were monitored noninvasively and in real time by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The calibration models were based on off-line spectra from tissue culture experiments described previously (Rhiel et al., Biotechnol Bioeng 77:73-82). Monitoring performance was improved by Fourier filtering of the spectra and initial off-set adjustment. The resulting standard errors of predictions were 0.95, 0.74, and 0.39 mM for glucose, lactate, and glutamine, respectively. The concentration of ammonia could not be accurately measured from the same spectra. In addition, metabolite uptake and production rates were determined for PC-3 prostate cancer cells during exponential growth in batch-mode cultivation. Cells grew with a doubling time of 21 h and consumed glucose and glutamine at rates of 6.8 and 1.8 x 10(-17) mol/cell.s, respectively. This resulted in lactate and ammonia production rates of 11.9 and 1.3 x 10(-17) mol/cell.s, respectively. Compared with other monitoring technologies, this technology has many advantages for spaceflights and stand-alone units; for instance, calibration can be performed at one time and then applied in a reagentless, low-maintenance way at a later time. The resulting concentration information can be incorporated into closed-loop control schemes, thereby leading to better in vitro models of in vivo behavior. 相似文献
Gold-coated silica nanoshells are a class of nanoparticles that can be designed to possess strong absorption of light in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength region. When injected intravenously, these nanoshells have been shown to accumulate in tumors and subsequently mediate photothermal treatment, leading to tumor regression. In this work, we sought to improve their specificity by targeting them to prostate tumor cells. We report selective targeting of PC-3 cells with nanoshells conjugated to ephrinA I, a ligand for EphA2 receptor that is overexpressed on PC-3 cells. We demonstrate selective photo-thermal destruction of these cells upon application of the NIR laser. 相似文献
In this report, an integrated optical platform based on spatial illumination together with laser speckle contrast technique was utilized to measure multiple parameters in live tissue including absorption, scattering, saturation, composition, metabolism, and blood flow. Measurements in three models of tissue injury including drug toxicity, artery occlusion, and acute hyperglycemia were used to test the efficacy of this system. With this hybrid apparatus, a series of structured light patterns at low and high spatial frequencies are projected onto the tissue surface and diffuse reflected light is captured by a CCD camera. A six position filter wheel, equipped with four bandpass filters centered at wavelengths of 650, 690, 800 and 880 nm is placed in front of the camera. Then, light patterns are blocked and a laser source at 650 nm illuminates the tissue while the diffusely reflected light is captured by the camera through the two remaining open holes in the wheel. In this manner, near‐infrared (NIR) and laser speckle images are captured and stored together in the computer for off‐line processing to reconstruct the tissue's properties. Spatial patterns are used to differentiate the effects of tissue scattering from those of absorption, allowing accurate quantification of tissue hemodynamics and morphology, while a coherent light source is used to study blood flow changes, a feature which cannot be measured with the NIR structured light. This combined configuration utilizes the strengths of each system in a complementary way, thus collecting a larger range of sample properties. In addition, once the flow and hemodynamics are measured, tissue oxygen metabolism can be calculated, a property which cannot be measured independently. Therefore, this merged platform can be considered a multiparameter wide‐field imaging and spectroscopy modality. Overall, experiments demonstrate the capability of this spatially coregistered imaging setup to provide complementary, useful information of various tissue metrics in a simple and noncontact manner, making it attractive for use in a variety of biomedical applications. 相似文献
