海芋胰蛋白酶抑制剂的分离纯化及性质研究

利用亲和层析和分子筛凝胶过滤等技术,从海芋根茎中分离纯化到一种胰蛋白酶抑制剂,简称ＡＭＴＩ。经ＰＡＧＥ、ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ鉴定均显示单一条带,经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定,其分子量为２２０００,经等电聚焦（ＩＥＦ）测定,其等电点为６．２。根据对胰蛋白酶的抑制比可知该抑制剂为单头抑制剂,其抑制活性在６０℃和ｐＨ５￣１１范围内保持稳定。     

植物激素对草莓叶片不定芽形成的影响

用试管内生长的草莓幼嫩叶片作外植体,培养在MS基本培养基上附加1.5—2.5毫克/升6—BA和0.1毫克/升NAA,可直接诱导成不定芽,诱导率可达20%。如果不定芽继代培养在同样浓度的培养基上,继而可形成大量的丛生芽。能使叶外植体形成不定芽的植物激素组合而不能使其愈伤组织分化成芽。IAA与6—BA的不同浓度组合对不定芽形成效果不明显。     

ISOLATION FROM BEEF PANCREAS OF CRYSTALLINE TRYPSINOGEN,TRYPSIN, A TRYPSIN INHIBITOR,AND AN INHIBITOR-TRYPSIN COMPOUND

Methods are described for the isolation and crystallization of trypsinogen, trypsin, a substance which inhibits trypsin, and an inhibitor-trypsin compound. Analyses and some of the properties of these compounds are given.     

柑叶片蔗糖酶的分离纯化及其部分性质的研究

柑（Ｃｉｔｒｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔａ Ｂｌａｎｃｏ）幼叶中存在高活性的酸性蔗糖酶。经硫酸铵盐析、ＤＥＡＥ－琼脂糖离子交换层析、ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－２００ 凝胶层析纯化,活性回收率６．４％ ,纯化倍数１７９．２ 倍。纯化的酶经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示单一蛋白带,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ显示１ 条蛋白带,其亚基分子量４０ ｋＤ。用ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－２００ 凝胶层析法测得分子量为８０ ｋＤ。推测该酶由两个相同亚基构成。以蔗糖为底物测定该酶的表观Ｋｍ 为１．６×１０－ ２ ｍ ｏｌ·Ｌ－ １,Ｖｍ ａｘ为１００ ｍ ｇ 还原糖·ｍ ｇ－ １蛋白质·ｈ－ １。最适ｐＨ ５．０,酸碱稳定区在ｐＨ ４．５—５．５ 之间。最适温度５５℃     

从豆科植物的根瘤中直接提取根瘤菌DNA的方法

豆科植物的新鲜根瘤经表面灭菌,破碎后直接加入200μL4mol/L异硫氰酸胍（GUTC）裂解液混匀,离心去掉根瘤残留物,再加入适量RNA酶,37℃温育30min后,加入20μL硅藻土吸附液,室温处理15min离心去掉上清,沉淀经GUTC裂解液二次处理,再分别用洗涤液,室温处理15min离心去掉上清,沉淀经GUTC裂解液二次处理,再分别用洗涤液,70%酒精洗涤,最后,硅藻土沉淀经真空干燥,加入20μL超纯水洗涤硅藻土沉淀,即可获得类菌体根瘤菌DNA,所获得的DNA可以用于AFLP,16SrRNAPCR反应。     

DIVISION AND GROWTH OF SINGLE MESOPHYLL CELLS ISOLATED ENZYMATICALLY FROM TOBACCO LEAVES

Single mesophyll cells isolated enzymatically from tobacco leaves divided and grew into aggregates of several cells in defined media. Morphological changes accompanying the division and the growth suggested that these cells are in the course of dedifferentiation. Some of the potentialities of these cells as an experimental material for developmental and genetical studies are discussed.     

耐氧双歧杆菌的分离和鉴定

从中年人粪便中分离到136株可疑双歧杆菌,通过耐氧力测定获得一株耐氧性菌.经属和种的系统生理生化鉴定,确认为长双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium longum).小范围饮用实验结果表明,该菌对便秘有疗效.     

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ORGAN SPECIFIC RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN FROM GOAT BRAIN

An organ specific protein (NP) has been isolated from the goat brain by salt fractionation and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antiserum against this protein gave immunological cross reaction with the brain extracts of a wide variety of animals but did not react with extracts of liver, lung, kidney, spleen, heart and blood. Similar proteins have also been found to be present in monkey brain and human astrocytomas in culture. Evidence is presented to show that it is a ribonucleoprotein. This is based on the following observations: (1) its absorption characteristics before and after RNase treatment, (2) chemical analysis showing the presence of ribose, purines and pyrimidines, (3) incorporation of radioactive uridine and lysine in monkey brain and in human astrocytomas in culture into a protein band having electrophoretic mobility and immunological characteristics analogous to NP protein. The molecular weight of the NP protein has been found to be 25,120 Daltons, while the residual moiety after treatment with RNase has a molecular weight of 19,060. The RNA content of NP protein in four separate preparations was 20.65% (±0.55 S.D.) as determined by the orcinol colour reaction and 23.85% (± 0.88 S.D.) gauged by the ratio of extinctions at 260 and 280 nm. The base composition of RNA has also been determined. The nature of association of the RNA moiety with the protein is not known. The two are, however, not dissociable by SDS and high pH excluding the possibility of aminoacyl linkage and nonspecific adsorption.     

鲈鱼生长激素的分离及其生物活性鉴定

运用葡聚糖凝胶Ｇ－１００过滤和反相高儿液相色谱纯化两步法,首镒从鲈鱼脑垂体中分离出鲈鱼生长激素,通过ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯凝胶电泳测得鲈鱼非还原性的和还原性的生长激素分子量分别为１９．２和２０．７ｋＤ;等电聚焦证实鲈鱼生长激素等电点为７．１５。Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ免疫印迹反应证实,鲈鱼生长激素具有与大麻哈鱼生长激素抗体发生特异性免疫交叉反应的特性,而与大麻哈鱼催乳素和生长催乳素抗体无免疫交叉反应。     

ISOLATION,CRYSTALLIZATION, AND PROPERTIES OF PEPSIN INHIBITOR

A method has been described for the isolation and crystallization of swine pepsin inhibitor from swine pepsinogen. Solubility experiments and fractional recrystallization show no drift in specific activity. The reversible combination of pepsin with the inhibitor was found to obey the mass law. The inhibitor is quite specific, failing to act on other proteolytic and milk clotting enzymes. The inhibitor is destroyed by pepsin at pH 3.5. Chemical and physical studies indicate that the inhibitor is a polypeptide of approximately 5,000 molecular weight with an isoelectric point at pH 3.7. It contains arginine, tyrosine, but no tryptophane and has basic groups in its structure.     

FORMATION OF NEW CRYSTALLINE ENZYMES FROM CHYMOTRYPSIN : ISOLATION OF BETA AND GAMMA CHYMOTRYPSIN

A solution of chymotrypsin on slight hydrolysis undergoes an irreversible change into new proteins, two of which are enzymes and have been isolated in crystalline form. The new crystalline enzymes, called beta and gamma chymotrypsins, differ from the original chymotrypsin as well as from each other in many physical and chemical respects, such as molecular weight, crystalline form, solubility, and combining capacity with acid. The new enzymes still possess the same enzymatic properties as chymotrypsin. It thus appears that the irreversible change from chymotrypsin to the new enzymes does not affect the structure responsible for the enzymatic activity of the molecule. The solubility curves of the new enzymes agree approximately with the curves for a solid phase of one component and furnish very good evidence that the preparations represent distinct substances. The various enzymes when mixed at the proper pH have a tendency to form mixed crystals of the solid solution type. Thus at pH 4.0 gamma chymotrypsin combines to form solid solution crystals with either alpha or beta chymotrypsin. Hence at this pH separation of gamma from either alpha or beta by means of fractional crystallization is impossible. At pH 5.0–6.0, however, each material crystallizes in its own characteristic form and at its own rate; thus a fractional separation of the various enzymes from each other becomes feasible.     

杜仲皮中抗真菌蛋白的分离和特性研究

从杜仲（ＥｕｃｏｍｍｉａｕｌｍｏｉｄｅｓＯｌｉｖ）皮中分离纯化到一种新的抗真菌蛋白（ＥｕｃｏｍｍｉａＡｎｔｉｆｕｎｇａｌＰｒｏｔｅｉｎ）,简称ＥＡＦＰ。将切碎的杜仲树皮用ＮａＣｌ溶液在组织捣碎器中高速匀浆提取,经硫酸铁沉淀、ＣＭ一ｃｅｌｌｕｌｏｓｅ离子交换层析和Ｂｉｏ一ｇｅｌ一ｐ一１０凝胶层析纯化。如此纯化而得的ＥＡＦＰ在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ胶片上显示一条分子量为５．０ｋＤ的单一带。反相ＨＰＬＣ显示４样品是纯的。等电聚焦电泳测得其ｐＩ值大于１１．０。经还原和氨酰羧甲基化处理,用ＨＰＬＣ层析证明ＥＡＦＰ为单链。用酚一硫酸法未测出其含糖。ＥＡＦＰ是简单单链蛋白。氨基酸组成分析结果表明它宫含Ａｒｇ、Ｃｙｓ和Ｇｌｙ,不含Ｍｅｔ,Ｌｙｓ,Ｔｒｐ,Ｈｉｓ和Ｐｈｅ。未经热变性或ＳＤＳ处理的ＥＡＦＰ与考马氏亮蓝试剂不发生显色反应。手工Ｅｄｍａｎ降解法测得Ｎ一端３个氨基酸残基的顺序为Ｇｌｙ一Ａｓｐ一Ａｌａ。用羧肽酶Ａ和Ｂ酶解ＥＡＦＰ测得其Ｃ一末端为Ｖａｌ．０．３ｍｇ／ｍＬ蛋白明显抑制木霉、小麦赤霉菌、烟草黑茎病菌和棉花枯萎病菌菌丝的生长。蛋白在沸水中保温３０ｍｉｎ活性不变。     

大蒜根尖细胞有丝分裂同步化诱导与中期染色体分离

本研究以大蒜（Ａｌｌｉｕｍｓａｔｉｖｕｍ）根尖为材料,用ＨＵ－ＡＰＭ双阻断法对细胞有丝分裂中期同步化和前,后,末期部分同步化作了探讨。表明在１．２５ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＨＵ,４μｍｏｌ／ＡＰＭ处理可使细胞有丝分裂中期指数（Ｍｅｔ．Ｉ）达３５％,１８ｈｒ的ＨＵ单独处理可检测到２７％的前期分裂细胞,ＨＵ对后,末期的部分同步化也有明显作用,约有１７％的后,末期细胞被检测,用Ｓｃｈｕｂｅｒｔ介绍的方法,分离出中期