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1.
Heather J. Clarke Maya Kumari Tanveer N. Khan Kadambot H. M. Siddique 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,106(3):465-473
Albinism is viewed as a major experimental bottleneck during wide hybridization in several species; the phenomenon is also
widely reported in androgenesis and doubled haploid cultures. In this study, when chickpea (Cicer arietinum) was crossed with distant wild relatives, C. judaicum and C. pinnatifidum, the only hybrid embryos that survived were those rescued using in vitro techniques. Fourteen to 21-day-old embryos were
incubated in ML6 medium with 90 g l−1 sucrose, 1 mg l−1 zeatin and 0.25 mg l−1 indole acetic acid. Germinating embryos were dissected from the ovule and transferred to fresh medium without growth regulators.
Later, shoots were micropropagated on solid MS medium, supplemented with B5 vitamins, 30 g l−1 sucrose, 0.1 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine and 0.01 mg l−1 naphthaleneacetic acid. Although some post-hybridization barriers were overcome by rescue in vitro, regenerated hybrid plantlets
failed to thrive in culture and few survived transfer to soil. Here we report findings from characterization of this valuable
breeding material, as a step towards a better understanding of albinism in chickpea wide hybrids and other plant tissue cultures.
Following proliferation, hybrids were phenotyped as green, pale green and albino. Genotype affected pod set, regeneration
and albinism. Plastid ultrastructure studies using transmission electron microscopy revealed that thylakoid membranes were
well-formed in green hybrids but not in albinos. Spectrophotometric analysis of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids revealed that chlorophyll content was three to fourfold lower in albino compared to green hybrids;
moreover green hybrids had two to threefold lower total chlorophyll content than in vitro-grown plantlets of their parents.
In contrast, carotenoids were higher in some albino phenotypes and lower in others; however overall differences in carotenoids
were less marked between all genotypes compared to chlorophyll pigments. Genetic variability between different wide crosses
provides an opportunity to select certain chickpea parents and wild species which give rise to more frequent green hybrid
regenerants. In future, only these hybrids will be maintained and multiplied for transfer to the glasshouse in our program. 相似文献
2.
Summary The effects of abscisic acid (ABA) (0, 0.09 μM, 0.19 μM, 0.28 μM, and 0.38 μM) or ancymidol (0, 0.98 μM, 1.95 μM, 2.93 μM, 3.90 μM) in embryo germination medium on the conversion of primary embryos to plantlets and secondary embryogenesis were evaluated
for asparagus. ABA and ancymidol each significantly enhanced both responses. ABA was more effective than ancymidol in promoting
the conversion of primary embryos to plantlets, while the converse was true for the production of secondary embryos. The most
effective treatments for embryo conversion were 0.19 and 0.28 μM ABA; 75–77% bipolar and 55–57% globular embryos converted to plantlets. For secondary embryogenesis, the most effective treatments
were 1.95 and 2.93 μM ancymidol; 99–101 and 84–86 somatic embryos were produced from 10 globular and 10 bipolar embryos, respectively. Bipolar
embryos generally converted to plantlets better than globular embryos, but more secondary embryos were produced from globular
embryos than from bipolar embryos in all treatments. ABA and ancymidol also affected the morphology of the plantlets produced.
The plantlets from the embryos incubated on the medium with ancymidol had strong and thick shoots and roots, while those on
the medium with ABA had long, thin shoots and short thin roots. 相似文献
3.
Delong Yang Wei Li Sheng Li Xiuling Yang Jiling Wu Ziyi Cao 《Plant Growth Regulation》2007,51(1):63-71
The purpose of this study was to understand factors affecting in vitro embryo rescue culture from hybrids between diploid
and tetraploid varieties of grape in creation new triploid germplasm resources. The effects of different media, removal ages
of immature seeds and reciprocal crosses of parents on the germination and seedling survival of immature seeds from crosses
between diploid and tetraploid grape varieties by in vitro embryo rescue culture were investigated. The results indicated
that the medium consisting of NN-1969 + IAA 1.75 mg l−1 + GA3 0.35 mg l−1 + CH 400 mg l−1 + AC 2.0 g l−1 was better than other media. The optimal removal age of immature seeds for the best development of embryos was 35–45 days
after pollination (DAP). The percentage of germination (PG) for immature seeds and the percentage of seedling survival (PSS)
for immature seeds for diploid varieties used as female parents were 10.72% and 4.35% higher than when tetraploid varieties
were used as female parents respectively. A total of 41 hybrid progenies from eight combinations were obtained, made up of
17 diploid, 9 tetraploid, 14 aneuploid, and 1 triploid progeny as determined by root-tip chromosome identification. The triploid
progeny was from Fujiminori (2n = 4x = 76) × Jingxiu (2n = 2x = 38). These results implied that it was feasible to extend the hybridization range of grape and to create new germplasm
resources by in vitro embryo rescue based on the conventional hybridization. The NN-1969 medium supplemented with GA3 and IAA was more propitious to the development of immature seeds sampled at about 45 DAP. It was easier to obtain plants using
diploid as female parent, but triploid progeny was only obtained using tetraploid as female parent. 相似文献
4.
M. Zenkteler M. Wojciechowicz A. Bagniewska-Zadworna E. Zenkteler S. Jeżowski 《Trees - Structure and Function》2005,19(6):638-643
For the first time, hybrid embryos and plantlets were obtained from in vitro-pollinated whole catkins of Salix viminalis with pollen grains of Populus tremula, P. tomentosa and P. alba. Only hybrid embryos were obtained from cross S. viminalis with P. lasiocarpa. Pollen of poplar species germinated on stigmas of willow and some pollen tubes were observed growing into the ovary. After
36–48 h of pollination, several-celled globular embryos were found inside the embryo sacs. During the next 14 days in some
ovules, the process of embryogenesis proceeded similarly as in the control material, that is after selfing in vitro. In some
other embryo sacs embryos degenerated mainly at the globular stage. Endosperm development was poor or not present. Out of
599 catkins, which jointly included around 80.000 pistils, 141 fully developed embryos were isolated and transferred into
MS medium with whole or half concentrations of macroelements. From about 65% of the cultured embryos, plantlets were established.
Further investigations are in progress on finding the suitable environmental conditions for culturing plantlets in soil and
establishing the hybrid characteristics of the progeny. 相似文献
5.
S. Kiran Ghanti K. G. Sujata M. Srinath Rao P. B. Kavi Kishor 《Biologia Plantarum》2010,54(1):121-125
A protocol for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis was developed in two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars ICCV-10 and Annigeri. Somatic embryos were induced from immature cotyledons on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium
supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T),
α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and picloram alone or in combination with 0.5 — 2.0 mg dm−3 N6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or kinetin (KIN). NAA was better for somatic embryo induction compared to other auxins. The well formed,
cotyledonary shaped embryos germinated into plantlets with 36.6 % frequency on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg dm−3 BA + 0.5 mg dm−3 abscisic acid (ABA). The frequency of embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration was higher in cv. ICCV-10 as compared to cv.
Annigeri. Regenerated plants were transferred to soil (40 % survival) and grown to maturity. Histological studies of explants
at various developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis reveled that somatic embryos developed directly from the cotyledon
cells and they were single cell origin. 相似文献
6.
Yong Wook Kim So Young Park In Sun Park Heung Kyu Moon 《Plant biotechnology reports》2007,1(4):237-242
We have tested plantlet formation by somatic embryogenesis using immature seeds of Magnolia obovata. Seed collection date appeared to be critical for embryogenic cell induction. The optimal collection date was 3–4 weeks postanthesis.
The embryogenic cells proliferated, formed somatic embryos, and were subsequently converted into normal plantlets under optimized
culture conditions. Somatic embryo formation from the embryogenic calli was better on sucrose medium than on glucose medium.
The optimum level of sucrose appeared to be 3% with an average of 28 somatic embryos per plate. About 25% of somatic embryos
were converted into normal plantlets in 1/2 MS medium containing gibberellic acid (GA3). During somatic embryo germination, secondary embryogenesis was frequently observed in the lower part of the hypocotyl or
radicle ends of germinating somatic embryos. Finally, about 85% of converted plantlets survived in an artificial soil mixture,
were transferred to a nursery, and have grown normally. 相似文献
7.
Plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was achieved using immature zygotic embryos (ZE) of Sorbus pohuashanensis as explants. Over 50% of immature ZEs from immature seed collected at 30 days after pollination produced direct somatic embryos
(SEs) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0–0.44 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA) in combination with 5.73 μM naphthaleneacetic
acid (NAA) or with 0.91–2.26 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alone. Fourteen to 23 SEs per explant were regenerated
on MS medium supplemented with BA 0.44 μM in combination with NAA 5.73 μM. SE formation decreased when sucrose concentrations
were higher than 40 g L−1. Repetitive embryogenesis occurred following culture on solid MS medium containing 12 μM abscisic acid, 75 g L−1 polyethylene glycol, and 20 g L−1 sucrose at 25 ± 1°C under a 16-h photoperiod with a light intensity of 40 μmol m−2 s−1. Over 40% of the mature SEs germinated on solid MS medium under light condition described previously. Up to 40% of the regenerated
plantlets were successfully acclimatized under greenhouse conditions. Plantlets derived from SEs grew vigorously with similar
morphology as those germinated from ZEs. Histological studies of explants at various developmental stages of somatic embryogenesis
revealed that SEs passed through globular, heart, torpedo, and mature stages. Similar to ZE suspensors, similar structures
of SE degenerated in later stages of embryo development. ZE and SE are a effective means of regenerating tissue culture plantlets
for S. pohuashanesis. 相似文献
8.
Anthony D. Genovesi Russell W. Jessup Milton C. Engelke Byron L. Burson 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2009,45(6):659-666
St. Augustinegrass is one of the most important warm season turfgrasses in the southern United States because of its shade
tolerance. Most cultivars are diploids (2n = 2x = 18) and are susceptible to various diseases and insects. Polyploid cultivars in the species have some resistance to pests,
but most lack cold tolerance. In this study, eight polyploid genotypes were crossed with six diploid cultivars to transfer
pest resistance to the diploids. Because interploid crosses often result in aborted seed, it was necessary to use in vitro techniques. Using embryo rescue, 268 plants were recovered from 2,463 emasculated and pollinated florets (10.88% crossability).
Because of the heterogeneous nature of the species, these purported hybrids could not be verified by phenotype. DNA markers
were used for hybrid identification. A subset of 25 plants from crosses between the aneuploid cultivar Floratam (2n = 4x = 32) and five diploid cultivars were analyzed using 144 expressed sequence tags–simple sequence repeats (EST-SSRs) developed
from buffelgrass cDNA sequence data. Chi-square tests for paternal-specific markers revealed that all analyzed progeny were
true F1 hybrids and none originated from self-fertilization or unintended outcrossing. In addition to identifying DNA polymorphism,
the EST-SSRs revealed that genetic variation exists among all analyzed cultivars and is not partitioned between ploidy levels.
The findings demonstrate that these embryo rescue techniques will enable the entire spectrum of St. Augustinegrass genetic
variation to be better used through the recovery of interploid hybrids. 相似文献
9.
P. Giridhar E. P. Indu K. Vinod A. Chandrashekar G. A. Ravishankar 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2004,26(3):299-305
For the first time direct somatic embryogenesis from hypocotyl explants of in vitro regenerated plantlets of C. arabica and C. canephora was achieved on modified MS medium containing 10 – 70 μM silver nitrate supplemented with 1.1 μM N6 benzyladenine and 2.85 μM indole-3-acetic acid. A maximum of 144.1±7.3 and 68.7±3.3 embryos per explant were produced at
40 μM silver nitrate in C. canephora and C. arabica respectively. Only yellow friable embryogenic callus obtained from the cut edges of most of leaf explants of both C. arabica and C. canephora at all concentrations of silver nitrate were tried in this experiment. Formation of secondary embryos from stage I primary
embryos (small yellow, round, globular embryos) was more (28.23±1.3) at 60 μM silver nitrate in C. canephora, while 40 μM silver nitrate supported more of secondary embryo formation in C. arabica (40.5±1.2). When stage II (green globular round matured embryos) and stage III primary embryos (tubular stage embryos) were
used, secondary embryo formation was very small and many of these embryos developed into plantlets and some of them even rooted.
By using these protocols within 45 – 60 days it is possible to get secondary embryos from primary embryos and direct somatic
embryos from hypocotyls of in vitro plantlets in both these Coffea species. 相似文献
10.
Summary Direct somatic embryo formation and plantlet regeneration was achieved from immature leaflets of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Optimal somatic embryogenesis was obtained when immature leaflets were exposed to media supplemented with 15 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for 7 d, to 2000 μM 2,4-D for 3 d, and to 50 μM 2,4-D for 10 d, followed by transfer onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium. Exposure of explants to high 2,4-D levels
(200–2000 μM) for 3 d produced bottle-shaped embryos, while exposure to low 2,4-D levels (<50 μM) and 50–2000 μM for 10 d produced spherical-shaped embryos. Two percent of embryos converted into plants upon culture on MS medium containing
15 μM gibberellic acid and 1 μM 3-indolebutyric acid. All regenerated plants were phenotypically normal. 相似文献
11.
Sayed Sartaj Sohrab P.S. Bhattacharya D. Rana Mohammad A. Kamal M.K. Pande 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2015,22(6):730-738
Tospovirus has emerged as a serious viral pathogen for several crops including tomato. The tomato production is being severely affected worldwide by Tospovirus. Some reports have been published about the association of plant virus and development of human disease either by direct or indirect consumption. Resistance to this virus has been identified as good source in wild tomato species (Lycopersicum peruvianum). But the introgression of resistance genes into cultivated tomato lines and the development of interspecific hybrid are hampered due to incompatibility, fertilization barriers and embryo abortion. But this barrier has been broken by applying the embryo rescue methods. This study describes the development of interspecific hybrid tomato plants by highly efficient embryo rescue method and screening for Tospovirus resistance. The interspecific hybrid tomato plants were developed by making a cross between wild tomato species (L. peruvianum) and cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). The immature embryos were cultured in standardized medium and interspecific hybrids were developed from embryogenic callus. The immature embryos excised from 7 to 35 days old fruits were used for embryo rescue and 31 days old embryos showed very good germination capabilities and produced the highest number of plants. Developed plants were hardened enough and shifted to green house. The hybrid nature of interspecific plants was further confirmed by comparing the morphological characters from their parents. The F1, F2 and F3 plants were found to have varying characters especially for leaf type, color of stem, fruits, size, shapes and they were further screened for virus resistance both in lab and open field followed by Enzyme linked Immunosorbant Assay confirmation. Finally, a total of 11 resistant plants were selected bearing red color fruits with desired shape and size. 相似文献
12.
A. G. Patankar A. M. Harsulkar A. P. Giri V. S. Gupta M. N. Sainani P. K. Ranjekar V. V. Deshpande 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1999,99(3-4):719-726
Developing seeds of eight chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars (12–60 days after flowering) showed a significant variation in the trypsin inhibitor (TI) and the Helicoverpa armigera gut proteinase inhibitor (HGPI) content. For example, the highest TI (198 units/g) and HGPI (23 units/g) activities were
exhibited by mature seeds of cv ICCV-2, whereas the lowest inhibitor activities were observed in cv PG8505–7 (96.1 TI units/g)
and cv Vijay (5 HGPI units/g). Electrophoretic patterns showed a variation in TI bands during the early stages of seed development,
indicating cultivar-specific TI accumulation. Among the seed organs, TI and HGPI activities were highly localized in the embryo-axis
as compared to the cotyledons in immature and mature seeds. Moisture stress, as effected under rainfed conditions, resulted
in reduced PI levels. Wild relatives of chickpea revealed variability in terms of the number and intensity of TI bands. However,
when assessed for inhibition of HGP, none of the wild Cicer species showed more than 35% inhibition, suggesting that a large proportion of HGP was insensitive to PIs from Cicer. Our results provide a biochemical basis for the adaptation of H. armigera to the PIs of Cicer species and advocate the need for the transformation of chickpea with a suitable gene(s) for H. armigera resistance.
Received: 26 December 1998 / Accepted: 19 January 1999 相似文献
13.
Immature embryos culture in Italian red chicory 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Varotto Serena Lucchin Margherita Parrini Paolo 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2000,62(1):75-77
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) embryo maturation in vitro was achieved in B5 medium without growth regulators. Immature embryos were collected at different developmental stages 4–168
h after pollination. Only a few plantlets were obtained from ovules collected shortly after pollination since the embryos
at these early stages developed abnormal leaves and roots which regenerated shoots ‘via’ organogenesis. Zygotic embryos collected
24–72 h after pollination needed one month of culture in vitro before acclimation. Embryos collected at the heart or early torpedo stage of development (three days after pollination) produced
green plantlets after two weeks of in vitro culture and thus they could be transferred to the greenhouse for acclimation. Culture of zygotic embryos in vitro has shown to be a suitable technique to accelerate the breeding process in biennial cultivated Italian red chicory. In fact
it is possible to obtain plantlets ready for performing the selection for the desired agronomic traits one month after pollination.
Since flowering occurs after vernalization, the selection can be performed in the correct season before flowering.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
In the present study an efficient somatic embryogenesis method has been developed in Catharanthus roseus. Friable embryogenic callus was induced from hypocotyl of in
vitro germinated seeds on Murashige and Skoog basal nutrient media supplemented with various auxins particularly 2,4-D (1.0 mg l−1). However, only NAA (1.0 mg l−1) produced somatic embryos in cultures. Embryo proliferation was even high on the same medium added with BAP. Cotyledonary
somatic embryo germinated and converted into plantlets in BAP (0.5 mg l−1) added medium following a treatment with gibberellic acid (1.0 mg l−1) for maturation. Carbon sources and concentrations had a marked influence on maturation process. Plantlet conversion was
better achieved when embryos were matured on 3% fructose or 3–6% maltose. The result discussed in this paper indicates that
somatic embryos were produced in numbers and converted plantlets can be used as raw material, genetic modification to embryo
precursor cell may improve alkaloid yield further. 相似文献
15.
Direct somatic embryogenesis induced from cotyledons of mango immature zygotic embryos 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Summary For the first time, regenerated plantlets were obtained from immature zygotic embryos of mango (Mangifera indica L.) through direct somatic embryogenesis. Pro-embryogenic mass (PEM)-like structures, which are differentiated as clusters
of globular structures, were easily induced directly from the abaxial side of cotyledons from immature fruits, 2.0–3.5 cm
diameter by a 2-wk culture period on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium with 5 mgl−1 (25μM) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets was achieved after 4 wk of culture on the conversion
medium containing 5mgl−1 (23 μM) kinetin. Secondary somatic embryogenesis could also be obtained directly from the hypocotyls of mature primary somatic embryos
cultured on the conversion medium. In our experimental system, only minor problems were noted with browning of cultures. 相似文献
16.
Somatic hybridization is a potential method for gene transfer from wild relatives to cultivated crops that can overcome sexual
incompatibilities of two distantly related species. In this study, interspecific asymmetric somatic hybrids of Brassica oleracea var. botrytis (cauliflower) and Brassica nigra (black mustard) were obtained by protoplast fusion and their backcrossed (BC3) and selfed (S3) offspring were analyzed. Cytological analysis showed that the B. nigra chromosomes were successively eliminated in the backcrosses with cauliflower. The fertility of the hybrid progenies was quite
different due to the asynchronous and abnormal chromosome behavior of pollen mother cells (PMC) during meiosis. Analysis of
sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) showed that all of these hybrids mainly had the DNA banding pattern from the
two parents with some alterations. Genetically, the selfed generations were closer to B. nigra, while the backcrossed generations were closer to the cauliflower parent. Analysis of cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences
(CAPS) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) showed that all somatic hybrids in this study contained chloroplast
(cp) DNA of the donor parent black mustard, while mitochondrial (mt) DNA showed evidence of recombination and variations in
the regions analyzed. Furthermore, three BC3 plants (originated from somatic hybrids 3, 4, 10) with 2–8 B. nigra-derived chromosomes shown by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) displayed a more cauliflower-like morphology and high resistance
to black-rot. These plants were obtained as bridge materials for further analysis and breeding. 相似文献
17.
Studies were conduced to test the effects of various cytokinins on somatic embryogenesis from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) immature cotyledons. Zeatin (13.7 μmol) added, to B5 basal medium, supplemented with 1.5 % sucrose and 0.2 μmol indole-3-acetic
acid, was the most effective cytokinin. Lobular structures obtained from cotyledons cultures were transferred to B5 basal
medium supplemented with gibberellic acid and indole-3-butyric acid at different concentrations. The most effective treatment
was B5 medium containing 14.4 μmol gibberellic acid plus 1.0 μmol indole-3-butyric acid in which 42.8 % of lobular structures
cultured formed normal somatic embryos. High conversion of embryos into plantlets (61.0–65.2 % embryos regenerated plants)
was observed when germinated embryos were placed on plant development medium. 相似文献
18.
Elena Corredoira Silvia Valladares Ana M. Vieitez Antonio Ballester 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(4):307-315
For the mass production of chestnut trees with selected, hybrid, or genetically engineered genotypes, one potentially desirable
propagation strategy is based on somatic embryogenesis. Although methods exist for the initiation of embryogenic cultures
of Castanea sativa from immature zygotic embryos or leaf explants, the embryos produced have had low rates of conversion into plantlets. This
study explored the possible benefits for somatic embryos that have already undergone maturation and cold treatments, of (a)
partial slow or fast desiccation, and (b) of the addition of plant growth regulators or glutamine to the germination medium.
Germination response was evaluated in terms of both conversions to plantlets and through embryos developing only shoots (shoot
germination) that could be rooted following the micropropagation protocols developed for chestnut. Two or 3 wk slow desiccation
in sealed empty Petri dishes resulted in a slight reduction in water content that nevertheless increased total potential plant
recovery, shoot length, and the number of leaves per plantlet. However, best results were achieved by 2 h fast drying in a
laminar flow hood, which reduced embryo moisture content to 57–58% and enhanced the potential plant recovery and quality of
regenerated plantlets. Plant yield was also promoted by addition of 0.44 μM benzyladenine and 200–438 mg/l of glutamine to
the germination medium, and plantlet quality (as evidenced by root, shoot, and leaf growth) by the further addition of 0.49 μM
indole-3-butyric acid. 相似文献
19.
A simple method to induce somatic embryogenesis from seeds of rapid-cycling Brassica napus is described. Seedlings cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium produced somatic embryos directly on hypocotyls
and cotyledons after 2 to 3 subcultures onto the same medium. A low pH of the medium (3.5–5) was more conducive to somatic
embryogenesis than a higher pH (6 and 7). Embryogenic potential of the seeds was inversely correlated to seed age: about 41–68%
of immature seeds between the ages of 14 and 28 days after pollination (DAP) formed somatic embryos compared to 0–11% of the
seeds obtained 29–37 DAP. About 54% of the somatic embryos produced secondary embryos after subculturing onto the same medium.
The embryogenic potential of the cultures has been maintained on MS basal medium for 2 years (12 generations) without diminution.
Up to 75% of the secondary embryos developed into plantlets on MS medium enriched with 10–6
M zeatin, and 40% of these produced flowers when transferred to an optimised flower-induction medium. Viable seeds were produced
in self-pollinated in vitro flowers.
Received: 15 February 2000 / Revision received: 18 July 2000 / Accepted: 19 July 2000 相似文献
20.
The in vitro embryo rescue response of hybrid embryos of different ages and sizes of 16 bread wheat x hexaploid triticale crosses was studied. Response was dependent on the parental wheat genotype. However, the triticale genotype did not seem to affect the response of in vitro embryo rescue. Optimum age of the embryo for better recovery of complete plantlets coincided with onset of the drying of hybrid caryopses in the field. Embryo size was positively correlated with embryo germination and recovery of plantlets and negatively correlated with callus development. The best embryo germination (55.55%) and plantlet recovery (50%) were recorded in the hybrid HD 2380 wheat x JNIT 173 triticale. 相似文献