人胸膜间皮细胞的分离和培养

利用两种取材方法建立人胸膜间皮细胞(HPMC)体外培养模型,一是用胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化法,从人肺脏胸膜及壁胸膜上分离胸膜间皮细胞;二是从胸腔积液中分离胸膜间皮细胞;进行胸膜间皮细胞的培养。用形态学和免疫组化S-P法对培养所得细胞进行鉴定。光镜下可见细胞汇合后呈多角形铺路石样,电镜下可见丰富的微绒毛和内质网,免疫组化染色结果显示表达角蛋白、波形蛋白,而抗VIII因子相关单克隆抗体、抗人白细胞CD45表达阴性;证实为人的胸膜间皮细胞。两种取材方法均可以成功建立间皮细胞体外培养模型,方法学上均有可行性;手术标本所得细胞有较高的细胞纯度,取材上胸腔积液更易于得到。     

腹透液相关浓度葡萄糖对人腹膜间皮细胞端粒长度的影响及葛根素的拮抗作用

目的:研究腹透液相关浓度葡萄糖(1.5%、2.5%)对人腹膜间皮细胞端粒长度的影响及葛根素的拮抗作用.方法:人腹膜间皮细胞在含糖(1.5%、2.5%)、含糖含葛根素(葛根素终浓度为100μg/ml)的无血清培养基培养24h后,收集细胞,提取DNA,采用Southerm杂交测定细胞端粒长度.结果:经含糖1.5%和2.5%培养基培养24h后腹膜间皮细胞大多出现肥大.高浓度葡萄糖组细胞端粒长度缩短,2.5%组和1.5%组无显著差别(P>0.05).葛根素加入后含糖组腹膜间皮细胞端粒长度延长(P<0.05).结论:高糖可使间皮细胞端粒缩短,且可能与高糖作用下细胞肥大有关,葛根素可拮抗高糖对间皮细胞端粒长度的影响.     

Role of Integrins and Evidence for two Distinct Mechanisms Mediating Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Interaction with Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells and Extracellular Matrix

Peritoneal carcinomatosis involves a series of events including tumor cell interactions with mesothelial cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). We have studied the adhesive and invasive properties of four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (Co115, HT29, SW480, SW620) confronted in vitro with a human mesothelial cell monolayer or with the ECM proteins collagen IV, laminin-1, fibronectin, tenascin-C and vitronectin. Quantitation was achieved following staining of tumor cells with the calcein-AM fluorescent dye. We found that all four cell lines rapidly adhered to a mesothelial cell monolayer. This adhesion event was not inhibitable by anti-integrin and anti-CD44 antibodies. Following initial attachment, the SW480 and SW620 cells invaded the mesothelial cell monolayer more aggressively than HT29 and Col 15 cells. All cell lines adhered to ECM proteins with each one exhibiting an individual adhesion pattern. Adhesion to matrix was completely integrin-dependent. When tested in an invasion assay, HT29 and Co115 cells crossed Matrigel-coated filters while SW480 and SW620 cells did not. This invasion was inhibited by anti-β1 integrin antibodies. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the initial colorectal tumor cell—mesothelial cell interaction occurs through an integrin-independent mechanism while adhesion to matrix proteins and invasion through Matrigel are integrin-dependent events. Furthermore, the different invasive capacity of SW480 and SW620 versus HT29 and Co115 cells upon interaction with a mesothelial cell monolayer or Matrigel suggests that these two invasion events may be mediated by distinct mechanisms.     

Role of Integrins and Evidence for two Distinct Mechanisms Mediating Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Interaction with Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells and Extracellular Matrix

Peritoneal carcinomatosis involves a series of events including tumor cell interactions with mesothelial cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). We have studied the adhesive and invasive properties of four human colorectal carcinoma cell lines (Co115, HT29, SW480, SW620) confronted in vitro with a human mesothelial cell monolayer or with the ECM proteins collagen IV, laminin-1, fibronectin, tenascin-C and vitronectin. Quantitation was achieved following staining of tumor cells with the calcein-AM fluorescent dye. We found that all four cell lines rapidly adhered to a mesothelial cell monolayer. This adhesion event was not inhibitable by anti-integrin and anti-CD44 antibodies. Following initial attachment, the SW480 and SW620 cells invaded the mesothelial cell monolayer more aggressively than HT29 and Col 15 cells. All cell lines adhered to ECM proteins with each one exhibiting an individual adhesion pattern. Adhesion to matrix was completely integrin-dependent. When tested in an invasion assay, HT29 and Co115 cells crossed Matrigel-coated filters while SW480 and SW620 cells did not. This invasion was inhibited by anti-β1 integrin antibodies. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the initial colorectal tumor cell—mesothelial cell interaction occurs through an integrin-independent mechanism while adhesion to matrix proteins and invasion through Matrigel are integrin-dependent events. Furthermore, the different invasive capacity of SW480 and SW620 versus HT29 and Co115 cells upon interaction with a mesothelial cell monolayer or Matrigel suggests that these two invasion events may be mediated by distinct mechanisms.     

Differential Susceptibility and Response of Primary Human Myeloid BDCA1+ Dendritic Cells to Infection with Different Enteroviruses

Coxsackie B viruses (CVBs) and echoviruses (EVs) form the Human Enterovirus-B (HEV-B) species within the family Picornaviridae. HEV-B infections are widespread and generally cause mild disease; however, severe infections occur and HEV-B are associated with various chronic diseases such as cardiomyopathy and type 1 diabetes. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the professional antigen-presenting cells of our immune system and initiate and control immune responses to invading pathogens, yet also maintain tolerance to self-antigens. We previously reported that EVs, but not CVBs, can productively infect in vitro generated monocyte-derived DCs. The interactions between HEV-B and human myeloid DCs (mDCs) freshly isolated from blood, however, remain unknown. Here, we studied the susceptibility and responses of BDCA1⁺ mDC to HEV-B species and found that these mDC are susceptible to EV, but not CVB infection. Productive EV7 infection resulted in massive, rapid cell death without DC activation. Contrary, EV1 infection, which resulted in lower virus input at the same MOI, resulted in DC activation as observed by production of type I interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), upregulation of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules (CD80, CD86, PDL1) and production of IL-6 and TNF-α, with a relative moderate decrease in cell viability. EV1-induced ISG expression depended on virus replication. CVB infection did not affect DC viability and resulted in poor induction of ISGs and CD80 induction in part of the donors. These data show for the first time the interaction between HEV-B species and BDCA1⁺ mDCs isolated freshly from blood. Our data indicate that different HEV-B species can influence DC homeostasis in various ways, possibly contributing to HEV-B associated pathology.     

Differential Susceptibility of Human Peripheral Blood T Cells to Suppression by Environmental Levels of Sodium Arsenite and Monomethylarsonous Acid

Human exposure to arsenic in drinking water is known to contribute to many different health outcomes such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiopulmonary disease. Several epidemiological studies suggest that T cell function is also altered by drinking water arsenic exposure. However, it is unclear how individual responses differ to various levels of exposure to arsenic. Our laboratory has recently identified differential responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (HPMBC) T cells as measured by polyclonal T cell activation by mitogens during sodium arsenite exposure. T cells from certain healthy individuals exposed to various concentrations (1–100 nM) of arsenite in vitro showed a dose-dependent suppression at these extremely low concentrations (∼0.1–10 ppb) of arsenite, whereas other individuals were not suppressed at low concentrations. In a series of more than 30 normal donors, two individuals were found to be sensitive to low concentration (10 nM equivalent ∼1 ppb drinking water exposure) to sodium arsenite-induced inhibition of T cell proliferation produced by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and anti-CD3/anti-CD28. In an arsenite-susceptible individual, arsenite suppressed the activation of Th1 (Tbet) cells, and decreased the percentage of cells in the double positive Th17 (RORγt) and Treg (FoxP3) population. While the majority of normal blood donors tested were not susceptible to inhibition of proliferation at the 1–100 nM concentrations of As⁺³, it was found that all donors were sensitive to suppression by 100 nM monomethylarsonous acid (MMA⁺³), a key metabolite of arsenite. Thus, our studies demonstrate for the first time that low ppb-equivalent concentrations of As⁺³ are immunosuppressive to HPBMC T cells in some individuals, but that most donor HPBMC are sensitive to suppression by MMA⁺³ at environmentally relevant exposure levels.