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利用SSH技术分离结球甘蓝耐热性相关基因 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:找出与甘蓝耐热性相关的基因,应用抑制性差减杂交(SSH)。方法:构建了耐热结球甘蓝自交系"夏皇6-105"幼苗经高温诱导0.25h、1h、3h、6h、12h、24h后的混合SSH文库。结果:共获得300个独立克隆,经反向Northern杂交验证,对98个差异表达克隆进行了测序并利用Blastn和Blastx对测序结果进行相似性分析。结论:用此方法分离出了热激蛋白、细胞防御、信号转导、蛋白质修饰加工等与植物耐热性相关的基因片段。 相似文献
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潘孝武李小湘黎用朝姚奕刘文强盛新年 《生物技术通报》2015,(4):40-46
水稻在生殖发育期对高温胁迫非常敏感,高温热害已经成为水稻生产最重要的限制因子之一。阐明水稻在生殖发育期耐热性的分子遗传机制,挖掘耐热关键基因,利用基因工程以及分子标记辅助选择的方法改良水稻品种的耐热性具有重要意义。从水稻生殖发育期耐热性的数量性状基因定位(QTL)、转录以及蛋白水平的高温应答、耐热转基因研究领域的进展进行了概述。 相似文献
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《生物技术通报》2015,(5)
Hsa32是一类新型的热激蛋白,主要发现于陆地植物中,对植物抗逆性的获得起关键作用。AmHsa32是Hsa32的同源蛋白之一,是从沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)克隆得到的耐热性相关基因。成功构建了Pcambia2300-35S-AmHsa32-OCS植物表达载体,经农杆菌介导转入到本生烟中。经PCR和Western boltting检测证明Am Hsa32已经被转入到本生烟基因组中。对转基因和野生型本生烟在高温胁迫下种子的萌发率、幼苗生长耐热性进行检测发现,转基因植物的抗热得到了明显提高。研究结果表明,AmHsa32可作为植物耐热基因育种的重要基因资源。 相似文献
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植物花色呈现的生物化学、分子生物学机制及其基因工程改良 总被引:18,自引:3,他引:15
文章综述了植物花色基因工程改良的前提、策略和特殊性。植物主要花色色素类黄酮、类胡萝卜素的合成途径和相关酶的基因表达已基本研究清楚,关键酶的基因已被克隆。花色的基因工程改良遵循一般植物基因工程规律,而且是系统工程,要求花器官特异性启动子,基本策略为抑制关键酶的基因表达、导入调节基因或新的外源基因。花色基因工程可能成为获得雄性不育的方式之一,应与传统育种技术有机结合,当然也存在安全性问题。 相似文献
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植物耐盐基因工程研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
盐害是影响植物生长和作物产量的主要因素之一。用于提高植物耐盐性的基因工程方法很多,最常见的就是在植物中过量表达抗盐相关的功能基因,包括植物信号传导蛋白基因、植物离子通道蛋白基因和合成小分子渗透剂的酶基因等。归纳了近年来植物耐盐基因工程的研究进展,并展望了植物耐盐基因工程的研究前景。 相似文献
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植物花香基因工程研究进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
花香是一系列低分子量、挥发性物质的复杂混合物,由花朵释放来吸引和引导授粉的昆虫.花香在植物繁殖上具有重要作用,还能提高观赏植物和切花的审美价值.在过去的数十年里,随着生物技术的发展,有数种花香相关基因已经相继被克隆,花香物质的生物合成和代谢工程也得到了研究.本文综述了植物花香物质生物合成途径及其相关酶和基因的研究进展;探讨了基因工程调控及改良植物花香的策略;同时简要评述了花香基因工程研究的影响因素并展望了其应用前景. 相似文献
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Humberto R. Silva Patrick E. Phelan Jay S. Golden 《International journal of biometeorology》2010,54(1):13-22
A zero-dimensional energy balance model was previously developed to serve as a user-friendly mitigation tool for practitioners
seeking to study the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Accordingly, this established model is applied here to show the relative
effects of four common mitigation strategies: increasing the overall (1) emissivity, (2) percentage of vegetated area, (3)
thermal conductivity, and (4) albedo of the urban environment in a series of percentage increases by 5, 10, 15, and 20% from
baseline values. In addition to modeling mitigation strategies, we present how the model can be utilized to evaluate human
health vulnerability from excessive heat-related events, based on heat-related emergency service data from 2002 to 2006. The
24-h average heat index is shown to have the greatest correlation to heat-related emergency calls in the Phoenix (Arizona,
USA) metropolitan region. The four modeled UHI mitigation strategies, taken in combination, would lead to a 48% reduction
in annual heat-related emergency service calls, where increasing the albedo is the single most effective UHI mitigation strategy. 相似文献
14.
Hartz DA Golden JS Sister C Chuang WC Brazel AJ 《International journal of biometeorology》2012,56(1):71-83
Extreme heat events are responsible for more deaths in the United States than floods, hurricanes and tornados combined. Yet,
highly publicized events, such as the 2003 heat wave in Europe which caused in excess of 35,000 deaths, and the Chicago heat
wave of 1995 that produced over 500 deaths, draw attention away from the countless thousands who, each year, fall victim to
nonfatal health emergencies and illnesses directly attributed to heat. The health impact of heat waves and excessive heat
are well known. Cities worldwide are seeking to better understand heat-related illnesses with respect to the specifics of
climate, social demographics and spatial distributions. This information can support better preparation for heat-related emergency
situations with regards to planning for response capacity and placement of emergency resources and personnel. This study deals
specifically with the relationship between climate and heat-related dispatches (HRD, emergency 911 calls) in Chicago, Illinois,
between 2003 and 2006. It is part of a larger, more in-depth, study that includes urban morphology and social factors that
impact heat-related emergency dispatch calls in Chicago. The highest occurrences of HRD are located in the central business
district, but are generally scattered across the city. Though temperature can be a very good predictor of high HRD, heat index
is a better indicator. We determined temperature and heat index thresholds for high HRD. We were also able to identify a lag
in HRD as well as other situations that triggered higher (or lower) HRD than would typically be generated for the temperature
and humidity levels, such as early afternoon rainfall and special events. 相似文献
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Heat stress and mortality in Lisbon Part II. An assessment of the potential impacts of climate change 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dessai S 《International journal of biometeorology》2003,48(1):37-44
Global environmental change, in particular climate change, will have adverse effects on public health. The increased frequency/intensity of heat waves is expected to increase heat-related mortality and illness. To quantify the climatic risks of heat-related mortality in Lisbon an empirical-statistical model was developed in Part I, based on the climate-mortality relationship of the summer months of 1980-1998. In Part II, scenarios of climate and population change are applied to the model to assess the potential impacts on public health in the 2020s and 2050s, in terms of crude heat-related mortality rates. Two regional climate models (RCMs) were used and different assumptions about seasonality, acclimatisation and the estimation of excess deaths were made in order to represent uncertainty explicitly. An exploratory Bayesian analysis was used to investigate the sensitivity of the result to input assumptions. Annual heat-related death rates are estimated to increase from between 5.4 and 6 (per 100,000) for 1980-1998 to between 5.8 and 15.1 for the 2020s. By the 2050s, the potential increase ranges from 7.3 to 35.6. The burden of deaths is decreased if acclimatisation is factored in. Through a Bayesian analysis it is shown that, for the tested variables, future heat-related mortality is most sensitive to the choice of RCM and least to the method of calculating the excess deaths. 相似文献
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Dessai S 《International journal of biometeorology》2002,47(1):6-12
Global climate change will have direct impacts on human health, including increased mortality due to heat stress and heat waves. An empirical-statistical model for heat stress is constructed for the city of Lisbon using the June-August months of the observational period 1980-1998. The model uses the regression of an aggregate dose-response relationship between maximum temperature and excess heat-related deaths, based on the difference between observed and expected deaths. The model is validated by correlation and residual analysis. The mean annual heat-related mortality for the period 1980-1998 was between 5.4 and 6 deaths per 100,000 depending on the method used to calculate expected deaths. Both validation methods show that the model has a moderate to high accuracy in modelling heat-related deaths compared to the observed record. 相似文献
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Derek G. Shendell Melannie S. Alexander Lauren Lorentzson Frances A. McCarty 《International journal of biometeorology》2010,54(4):441-448
Adults have been increasingly motivated to compete in recreational endurance sports events. Amateurs may lack a complete understanding
of recommended strategies for handling heat and humidity, making heat-related illnesses increasingly possible. This is compounded
by global climate change and increasing average surface and air temperatures, especially in urban areas of industrialized
nations in Europe and North America that have hosted most events to date. We conducted an on-line, secure survey at the 2nd
Annual ING Georgia Marathon and Half-Marathon in Atlanta, Georgia, in 2008. We included previously validated questions on
participant socio-demographics, training locations, and knowledge and awareness of heat-related illnesses. Participants were
aware of heat illnesses, and of heat stroke as a serious form of heat stress. However, the majority, across age and gender,
did not understand the potential severity of heat stroke. Furthermore, 1-in-5 participants did not understand the concept
of heat stress as a form of heat-related illness, and how heat stress may result from buildup of muscle-generated heat in
the body. Adult recreational endurance athletes are another susceptible, vulnerable population sub-group for applied research
and public health educational interventions, especially in urban areas of industrialized nations in Europe and North America. 相似文献
18.
Deaths from heat-stroke in Japan: 1968–1994 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Global warming is increasingly recognized as a threat to the survival of human beings, because it could cause a serious increase
in the occurrence of diseases due to environmental heat during intermittent hot weather. To assess the direct impact of extremely
hot weather on human health, we investigated heat-related deaths in Japan from 1968 through 1994, analyzing the data to determine
the distribution of the deaths by age and their correlation to the incidence of hot days in summer. Vital Statistics of Japan, published by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, was the source of the heat-related mortality data employed in
this study. Meteorological data were obtained from the District Meteorological Observatories in Tokyo and Osaka, the two largest
cities in Japan. Heat-related deaths were most prone to occur on days with a peak daily temperature above 38°C, and the incidence
of these deaths showed an exponential dependence on the number of hot days. Thus, even a small rise in atmospheric temperature
may lead to a considerable increase in heat-related mortality, indicating the importance of combating global warming. Furthermore,
half (50.1%) of the above-noted deaths occurred in children (4 years and under) and the elderly (70 years and over) irrespective
of gender, indicating the vulnerability of these specific age groups to heat. Since a warmer climate is predicted in the future,
the incidence of heat waves will increase, and more comprehensive measures, both medical and social, should be adopted for
children of 4 years and younger the elderly to prevent heat-related deaths in these age groups.
Received: 20 January 1999 / Accepted: 15 June 1999 相似文献
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Golden JS Hartz D Brazel A Luber G Phelan P 《International journal of biometeorology》2008,52(6):471-480
Heat waves kill more people in the United States than hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, and floods combined. Recently, international attention focused on the linkages and impacts of human health vulnerability to urban climate when Western Europe experienced over 30,000 excess deaths during the heat waves of the summer of 2003-surpassing the 1995 heat wave in Chicago, Illinois, that killed 739. While Europe dealt with heat waves, in the United States, Phoenix, Arizona, established a new all-time high minimum temperature for the region on July 15, 2003. The low temperature of 35.5 degrees C (96 degrees F) was recorded, breaking the previous all-time high minimum temperature record of 33.8 degrees C (93 degrees F). While an extensive literature on heat-related mortality exists, greater understanding of influences of heat-related morbidity is required due to climate change and rapid urbanization influences. We undertook an analysis of 6 years (2001-2006) of heat-related dispatches through the Phoenix Fire Department regional dispatch center to examine temporal, climatic and other non-spatial influences contributing to high-heat-related medical dispatch events. The findings identified that there were no significant variations in day-of-week dispatch events. The greatest incidence of heat-related medical dispatches occurred between the times of peak solar irradiance and maximum diurnal temperature, and during times of elevated human comfort indices (combined temperature and relative humidity). 相似文献
20.
PIP Aquaporin Gene Expression in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Glycine max and Lactuca sativa Plants in Relation to Drought Stress Tolerance 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Although the discovery of aquaporins in plants has resulted in a paradigm shift in the understanding of plant water relations,
the relationship between aquaporins and plant responses to drought still remains elusive. Moreover, the contribution of aquaporin
genes to the enhanced tolerance to drought in arbuscular mycorrhisal (AM) plants has never been investigated. Therefore, we
studied, at a molecular level, whether the expression of aquaporin-encoding genes in roots is altered by the AM symbiosis
as a mechanism to enhance host plant tolerance to water deficit. In this study, genes encoding plasma membrane aquaporins
(PIPs) from soybean and lettuce were cloned and their expression pattern studied in AM and nonAM plants cultivated under well-watered
or drought stressed conditions. Results showed that AM plants responded to drought stress by down-regulating the expression
of the PIP genes studied and anticipating its down-regulation as compared to nonAM plants. The possible physiological implications of
this down-regulation of PIP genes as a mechanism to decrease membrane water permeability and to allow cellular water conservation is further discussed. 相似文献