微波消解- 火焰原子吸收光谱法测定蜂胶中金属元素含量

目的:测定一种原产地为加拿大的蜂胶中金属元素的含量,为进一步研究蜂胶营养价值提供数据,同时改进测量方法。方法:用微波消解法处理样品,用硝酸和过氧化氢的混合物作为消解剂进行微波消解,并优化消解条件,然后用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定蜂胶制品中钙、铁、镁、锌、钠、钾、铜的含量。结果:七种元素相对标准偏差为0.85%~2.33%(n=7),回收率在96.5%~104.7%之间。试验结果表明该蜂胶中含有丰富的金属元素,且与河南产蜂胶相比,加拿大产蜂胶中多种金属元素含量远低于河南产蜂胶。结论:使用本文方法测定蜂胶中的金属元素含量,结果准确,方法可靠。为进一步探讨蜂胶制品金属元素与其保健功能的关系提供了有用数据。     

微波消解－火焰原子吸收光谱法测定蜂胶中金属元素含量

目的：测定一种原产地为加拿大的蜂胶中金属元素的含量,为进一步研究蜂胶营养价值提供数据,同时改进测量方法。方法：用微波消解法处理样品,用硝酸和过氧化氢的混合物作为消解剂进行微波消解,并优化消解条件,然后用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定蜂胶制品中钙、铁、镁、锌、钠、钾、铜的含量。结果：七种元素相对标准偏差为O．85％～2．33％（n=7）,回收率在96．5％～104．7％之间。试验结果表明该蜂胶中含有丰富的金属元素,且与河南产蜂胶相比,加拿大产蜂胶中多种金属元素含量远低于河南产蜂胶。结论：使用本文方法测定蜂胶中的金属元素含量,结果准确,方法可靠。为进一步探讨蜂胶制品金属元素与其保健功能的关系提供了有用数据。     

微波消解-FAAS法测定普通甘薯和紫甘薯中的金属元素

采用微波消解法处理普通甘薯和紫甘薯样品,运用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中的K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu 7种对人体有益的金属元素含量。结果表明,普通甘薯和紫甘薯中K、Ca、Fe、Mg元素含量较高,Mn、Zn、Cu元素含量较低,且7种金属元素含量在两者之间存在一定的差异,各元素在紫甘薯中的含量均比普通甘薯中含量高。方法的加标回收率介于98.5%～103.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于3.14%。可为普通甘薯与紫甘薯的品质评价提供理论参考。     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定糙苏不同部位中的微量元素

利用微波消解电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定野生中药糙苏根、茎、叶、花和籽中钠、钾、钙、铁、锌、镁、锰、铜、镍、钼、铅和镉的含量,并进行了分析比较。糙苏不同用药部位的微量元素含量存在差异,其中钠、钾、钙、铁、镁在根、茎、叶、花和籽中的含量均较高,锌、锰、铜、镍、钼的含量较少,铅和镉只在根和茎中痕量存在,结果表明糙苏中含有大量人体必需的微量元素,可为进一步探讨糙苏中元素含量与其药效的相关性提供科学的理论依据。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定大鼠组织中的微量硒

目的:建立微波消解石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定大鼠组织中的微量硒的检测方法.方法:采用微波消解法处理样品,用硝酸作为消解剂进行微波消解;采用氯化钯则作为基体改进剂来测定样品中的微量硒.结果:最佳灰化温度为900℃,原子化温度为2500℃;脑组织和肺组织的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为2.83％和3.05％,样品加标回收率为97％～105％.结论:该方法用于检测大鼠组织中的硒含量,操作简便、快速、准确度好、结果满意,能够适用于生物体内多种组织器官中硒含量的测定与分析.     

芹菜(Apium graveolens L.)叶绿体4.5S rRNA的序列分析及与其它植物4.5S rRNA的比较

 本文应用RNA序列分析直读技术测定了芹菜叶绿体核糖体4.5rRNA核苷酸顺序;5’_(OH)GAA GGUCACGGUGAGACGA GCCGUUUAUCA UUACGAUAGGUGUCUAGUGGAAGUGCAGU G AUGUAUGCA G CUGAGGCAUC CUAACAGACCGGCAGAUUU GAAC_(OH)3’。由103个核苷酸组成,5’-末端木磷酸化,与已知的几种植物叶绿体4.5S rRNA序列进行了同源性比较,发现不同植物4.5S rRNA序列之间有很大的保守性。我们在芹菜4.5S rRNA一级结构的基础上按碱基最大配对原则绘出了其二级结构。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定不同品种沙枣中铁、锌的含量

目的:建立干灰化-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定沙枣中铁和锌的含量测定方法。方法:样品的前处理采用干灰化法,含量测定采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)。结果:分别以铁和锌标准溶液的浓度与吸光度进行线性回归:铁标标准曲线回归方程为Y=0.025 82X-0.000 17,相关系数为R2=0.999 8(n=5),线性范围为0.4 0~2.0 0μg/m L,回收率为9 8.6 9%~9 8.9 1%,RSD为0.9 4%~1.0 3%(n=5);锌标准曲线回归方程为Y=0.013 577 X-0.013 67,相关系数为R2=0.999 7(n=5),线性范围为0.40~2.00μg/m L,回收率为98.75~101.95%,RSD为0.86%~1.04%(n=5)。结论 :该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确性好、干扰少、环境污染小等特点,是一种比较理想的方法。     

中药及中药制剂中微量元素铜、铬的含量测定

应用火焰原子吸收光度法(FAAS)对苦参、黄柏及黄柏胶囊中微量元素铜、铬的含量进行了测定,并对FAAS若干条件进行了优化选择。结果表明,该法的平均回收率在95.2%～104.8%之间,相对标准偏差在1.76%以下,结果可靠,方法简便,可用于实际样品的测定。     

Cytotoxic,antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Celery (Apium graveolens L.)

Celery (Apium graveolens Linn, Family: Apiaceae) is a common edible herb used as a spice in the traditional medicine of several nations since time immemorial. The whole plant is extensively used in cooking as soups and salads. A. graveolens has various pharmacological properties such as anticancer, anti-obesity, anti-hepatotoxic, and antihypertensive agents. Hence, it is of interest to document the in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity of A. graveolens. The plants were collected in the local market, shade dried, and different parts of the plants were extracted with 70% ethanol using a cold maceration process. Antioxidant tests were performed based on the various radical scavenging methods. Antimicrobial activity and MIC were completed using the respective cup-plate and two-fold serial dilution method. In vitro cytotoxic studies were achieved by the MTT; Sulphorhodamine B assayed total cell protein content. DLA and ESC cells determined the short-term toxicity. The leaf extract exhibited significant antioxidant properties against NO, DPPH, ABTS, LPO, and HPO methods. Thus, potential inhibition against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and fungal strains within the MIC ranges of 250-500 µg/ml was observed. All the extracts of the plant presented in the study revealed greater cytotoxicity effects against five respective cancer cell lines, L6, Vero, BRL 3A, A-549, L929, and L-929 with the ranging of 443-168.5 µg/ml. Thus, we show that A. graveolens possess a potential cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity.     

Dormancy break of celery (Apium graveolens L.) seeds by plant derived smoke extract

Seed dormancy of a highly-dormant cultivar of celery (Apium graveolens L.) was broken by combinations of plant-derived smoke extract or N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) and gibberellins A_4/7 (GA_4/7) in the dark at temperatures between 18 and 26°C. A less dormant cultivar which responded to GA_4/7 alone showed no additional response to smoke extract or BA. Neither smoke extract nor BA affected either cultivar in the dark in the absence of GA_4/7. The partial dormancy-breaking effect of short exposures to red-light was also enhanced by smoke extracts in this highly-dormant cultivar. The results suggest that smoke extracts act in a similar way to cytokinins, by enhancing gibberellin activity in the celery seed system.Abbreviations BA N⁶-benzyladenine - GA_4/7 A₄ and A₇ gibberellin mixture     

Turnover of cell-wall polysaccharides during somatic embryogenesis and development of celery (Apium graveolens L.)

Non-embryogenic cells (NEC) and embryogenc cells (EC) were separated from cell clusters derived from the hypocotyl segments of celery seedlings, which had been suspension-cultured in MS medium supplemented with 10⁵ M 2,4-D. The EC formed globular embryos in medium without 2,4-D. The globular embryo developed through heart-shaped, torpedo to cotyledonary embryos within 10 days. The EC and developing embryos were fractionated into symplastic [MeOH, hot water (HW), starch (S)] and apoplastic [pectin, hemicellulose, TFA (trifluoroacetic acid)-soluble and cellulose] fractions. The EC contained lower levels of sugar in the MeOH fraction and higher levels of starch than NEC. In the apoplastic fractions, there were no differences of total sugar amounts between NEC and EC. Cellulose contents were about 10% of the wall polysaccharides. During somatic embryogenesis, total sugar contents of the MeOH and HW fractions increased till the heart-shaped embryo stage, and then decreased during the torpedo and cotyledonary embryo stages. The sugar contents of the starch, pectin, TFA-soluble, and cellulose fractions did not change during the stages mentioned above. However, the hemicellulose substances remarkably increased during embryogenesis, and then decreased as the development proceeded. The neutral sugar components of the hemicellulosic fractions were analyzed. Arabinose increased markedly in EC to the globular embryo stage, but decreased as the development proceeded. Galactose increased only at the torpedo and cotyledonary embryo stages. Xylose was present at lower levels in all stages of embryogenesis than in the differentiated hypocotyl cell walls. These results suggest that there was a high turnover of arabinogalactan polysaccharides during embryogenesis, and that xylan accumulated in the cell walls of differentiated cells     

中药及其水煎液中微量元素含量研究

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法(flame atomic absorption spectrometry,FAAS)测定了黄芪、白术、防风及玉屏风散各次水煎液中铁、铜、锰、铅4种微量元素的含量。结果表明,中药各次水煎液中微量元素的浸出率各不相同,应合理用药,以更好地发挥中药的疗效。     

Biosynthesis of Sucrose and Mannitol as a Function of Leaf Age in Celery (Apium graveolens L.)

In celery (Apium graveolens L.), the two major translocated carbohydrates are sucrose and the acyclic polyol mannitol. Their metabolism, however, is different and their specific functions are uncertain. To compare their roles in carbon partitioning and sink-source transitions, developmental changes in ¹⁴CO₂ labeling, pool sizes, and key enzyme activities in leaf tissues were examined. The proportion of label in mannitol increased dramatically with leaf maturation whereas that in sucrose remained fairly constant. Mannitol content, however, was high in all leaves and sucrose content increased as leaves developed. Activities of mannose-6-P reductase, cytoplasmic and chloroplastic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatases, sucrose phosphate synthase, and sucrose synthase increased with leaf maturation and decreased as leaves senesced. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase and nonreversible glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase activities rose as leaves developed but did not decrease. Thus, sucrose is produced in all photosynthetically active leaves whereas mannitol is synthesized primarily in mature leaves and stored in all leaves. Onset of sucrose export in celery may result from sucrose accumulation in expanding leaves, but mannitol export is clearly unrelated to mannitol concentration. Mannitol export, however, appears to coincide with increased mannitol biosynthesis. Although mannitol and sucrose arise from a common precursor in celery, subsequent metabolism and transport must be regulated separately.