天然仓贮抗霉剂的初步研究

本文报道从山苍籽等中提取的芳香油经组合后的复合芳香油对仓贮霉菌颇具抑菌效果;并随单位体积用量的增加,抑菌效果渐趋明显,对作用物寿命无明显影响。动物毒性试验表明,当超过常用量10倍以上时,除微核试验呈弱阳性外,其余均呈阴性。展现了复合芳香油作为仓贮防霉剂良好的开发前景。     

江苏省仓贮害虫的种类及分布（一）鞘翅目

江苏省仓贮鞘翅目害虫共有７７ 种, 分属２２ 科５４ 属, 其中２０ 种为江苏省新记录。并对该目害虫在江苏省的分布、种类组成及变化进行了初步分析。     

我国仓贮昆虫病原芽孢杆菌的研究

对９５１个样品分离鉴定,有７４７个样品含芽孢杆菌,有菌率为７８．５５％．共分离得到芽孢杆菌１１３８株,其中苏云金杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ,简称Ｂ．ｔ）１４３株,占１２．５％;球形芽孢杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｓｐｈａｅｒｉｃｕｓ,简称Ｂ．ｓ）１１株,占０．９７％;其他芽孢杆菌９８４株,占８６．４０％．从芽孢杆菌中选出产生晶体、苏云金素或磷酸酯酶Ｃ（ＰｈｏｓｐｈａｌｉｐａｓｅＣ,简称ＰＬＣ）的毒素菌株１６８株,其中Ｂ．ｔ占１４３株,Ｂ．ｓ有５株,其他芽孢杆菌１０株．在产毒素菌株中,经测定有１２０株菌对供试昆虫毒性达标．占７７．９２％．不同菌株的杀虫毒素、杀虫范围和毒力各异,认为这种差异取决于毒素和虫种两方面的特异性．     

仓贮害虫寄生蜂-雅脊金小蜂及其属内种的识别

雅脊金小蜂Theocolax elegans(Westwood, 1874)是一种世界性分布的贮粮害虫寄生蜂,寄主范围广泛。本文对其成虫形态特征进行记述并从形态学、寄主与分布等方面区分了蚁形金小蜂属Theocolax内的近缘种类,并编制该属已知种的检索表。以期为相关鉴定提供参考依据,为雅脊金小蜂天敌利用提供资料。     

超声雾化吸入治疗蟒蛇呼吸道感染1例

目的探讨蟒蛇呼吸道感染更为有效的治疗方法。方法2007年12月为1例呼吸道感染的3龄蟒进行超声雾化吸入治疗．结果治疗3天后明显好转,治疗后第7天开始进食,病情痊愈。结论蟒蛇呼吸道感染是超声雾化吸入治疗的适应症,超声雾化吸入治疗后呼吸道功能改善明显。     

中药苍辛液超声雾化吸入治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床研究

目的观察中药制剂苍辛液超声雾化吸入治疗过敏性鼻炎的临床疗效。方法将400例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组采用中药苍辛液超声雾化吸入,对照组用生理盐水20ml加庆大霉素8万u、地塞米松2mg超声雾化吸入。结果治疗组治愈161例,有效46例,总有效率98%;对照组治愈84例,有效58例,总有效率76％。两组疗效经统计学分析差异有显著意义（P〈0．01）。结论苍辛液超声雾化吸入治疗过敏性鼻炎的作用迅速、疗效显著,且无毒副作用,值得临床推广。     

辛苍液超声雾化治疗干燥性鼻炎的疗效观察

目的观察自制辛苍液超声雾化吸入治疗干燥性鼻炎的疗效。方法将120例干燥性鼻炎患者随机分为辛苍液雾化组(治疗组)60例,常规药物雾化吸入组(对照组)60例,两组治疗后进行疗效比较。结果治疗组总有效率为95%,对照组总有效率为74%。经χ2检验,两组疗效比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论辛苍液超声雾化吸入治疗干燥性鼻炎的疗效显著。     

浙江省仓贮稻谷大米真菌区系的研究

在浙江省采集仓贮稻谷及大米样品,共分离到真菌17属48种(不包括酵母菌)。其中:曲霉属(Aspergillus)18种,青霉属(Penicillium)10种,镰孢霉属(Eusarium)4种。研究表明:在浙江省地区之间,贮粮真菌种类无明显差异。稻谷加工成大米后,籽粒表面带菌量及内部带菌率均明显下降,其真菌区系以贮藏真菌为主。稻谷在贮藏前以田间真菌为主。贮藏1—4个月的稻谷因贮藏真菌的种类、数量明显增长,而田间真菌的种类和数量仍保持在较高的水平上,其表面带菌量及谷粒带菌率处于高峰期;贮藏1年以上的稻谷,其主要带菌种类为贮藏真菌,带菌量及带菌率明显下降。早籼谷和晚粳谷在相同贮藏条件下其带菌种类和数量基本一致。     

低频超声抗兔早孕的形态学研究

目的探讨低频超声终止妊娠的可能性及其对胎盘形态学的影响。方法利用低频聚焦声束超声(353 kHZ“超声终止早孕治疗机”样机)6种声强各60 s体内直接照射妊娠第10天兔胚胎,妊娠20 d时观察各组胚胎死亡率和胎盘、子宫的形态学变化。结果对照组胚胎总死亡率为12.65%(32/253);照射组中声强30 W/cm2、35W/cm2及≥40 W/cm2组的胚胎死亡率分别为25.00%(12/48)、72.88%(43/59)和100%(64/64、43/43、40/40、35/35)。超声辐照后的即刻改变:光镜下主要为胎盘(绒毛及子宫蜕膜)出血、坏死;电镜下胎盘细胞正常结构消失,子宫平滑肌、内膜上皮细胞中线粒体肿胀。变化随剂量的增加而明显。照射后10 d观察:光镜下见绒毛、蜕膜细胞仍有变性或坏死;电镜下胎盘组织细胞坏死呈致密团块状,子宫内膜上皮、平滑肌及血管内皮细胞均未见异常。结论胎盘较子宫对低频超声更敏感,更易受损,子宫照射后变化轻微且可恢复,低频超声抗早孕是有效而可行的。     

新型木霉氨基酸有机肥研制及其对番茄的促生效果

为提高贵州木霉NJAU4742固体发酵产孢能力,本研究拟用稻草秸秆和氨基酸水解液为原料进行固体发酵获得高分生孢子含量的固体菌种,将该固体菌种添加到含有不同比例氨基酸水解液的有机肥中进行二次发酵研制新型生物有机肥,并利用盆栽试验研究该生物有机肥对番茄的促生作用.结果表明: 在利用稀释30倍的氨基酸水解液浸泡秸秆过夜后调节秸秆为初始pH 3.5、75%含水量、30%玉米粉添加量的条件下,贵州木霉NJAU4742所产分生孢子数量高达2.40×10¹⁰ CFU·g^-1.接种2%固体木霉菌种于含有20%氨基酸水解液的腐熟有机肥后,该处理中木霉活菌数和吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量均达到最高,分别为6.40×10⁹ CFU·g^-1和38.66 mg·kg^-1,与对照相比分别增加了1142.30和1.42倍.盆栽试验表明,木霉氨基酸生物有机肥(AT)与氨基酸有机肥(AA)处理跟对照(CK)相比株高分别增加了98.8%和23.8%,茎粗分别增加了58.9%和10.3%,叶绿素、叶长、叶宽等指标也显著增加.利用稻草秸秆和氨基酸水解液进行浅盘固体发酵生产木霉分生孢子,克服了工厂化生产固体木霉菌种的瓶颈,以此制备的新型木霉氨基酸有机肥(AT)与等养分的氨基酸有机肥(AA)和对照(CK)处理相比,对番茄的促生效果显著,在集约化农业生产中具有良好的应用前景.     

喉上神经阻滞联合利多卡因雾化吸入在支气管镜诊疗中的应用

摘要 目的：比较喉上神经阻滞联合利多卡因雾化吸入法与利多卡因含漱法用于支气管镜诊疗的治疗效果及安全性。方法：选取新疆医科大学第三临床医学院首次行气管镜诊疗的患者120例，随机分为4组。利多卡因含漱组：2%盐酸利多卡因注射液喉部含漱；利多卡因雾化吸入组：2%利多卡因注射液雾化吸入；喉上神经阻滞组：B超定位下以1%利多卡因阻滞双侧喉上神经内支。联合组：联合使用喉上神经内支阻滞与利多卡因雾化吸入。记录各组在诊疗中咳嗽、憋喘、体动次数及操作期间患者血压、心率、血氧饱和度等情况，以及诊疗后疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS评分）。结果：利多卡因含漱组呛咳、憋喘发生率最高，显著高于其余各组（P＜0.01）；联合组呛咳、憋喘发生率最低，显著低于其余各组（P＜0.05）。利多卡因含漱组患者血压、心率在支气管镜进入声门时及气管内诊疗时显著高于各组（P＜0.01）；联合组患者的平均动脉压及心率在支气管镜进入声门时低于（P＜0.05）其余两组。各组SpO₂均高于90%，其中利多卡因含漱组患者最低（P＜0.01），联合组最高（P＜0.05）。各组疼痛VAS评分多低于3分，但在各组之间均有差异（P＜0.05），其中联合组最低（P＜0.05）。结论：喉上神经内支阻滞联合利多卡因雾化吸入用于支气管镜诊疗可以有效地抑制气管应激反应，减少疼痛刺激，有利于维持诊疗期间的血流动力学稳定，其安全性和有效性优于利多卡因含漱法及单独采用利多卡因雾化吸入或喉上神经阻滞法。支气管镜诊疗过程中患者多为轻度疼痛，咽喉部不适引起的呛咳、憋喘才是患者难以耐受的原因。     

Influence of Different Storage Conditions on the Mycotoxin Production and Quality of Fusarium-Infected Wheat Grain

Wheat seed samples with different initial infection levels of Fusarium culmorum were kept under different storage conditions for 36 weeks. Samples for analysis were drawn before storage and at intervals of 6‐8 weeks to determine the mycotoxin contents, seed health and seed quality. Zearalcnone (ZEA) accumulated to higher kernel contents towards the end of storage, when the seed was stored under warm and humid conditions [25°C/90% relative humidity (RH)], whereas the deoxynivalenol (DON) content of severely infected kernel samples (> 50%) remained unchanged under any of the conditions. On the other hand, DON contents increased in samples with a slight (4%) or moderate (15%) Fusarium infection level. when the seed was stored under Warm and humid conditions. Nivalenol (NIV) was not found in any samples immediately after harvest but later on in storage, and only under cool or warm but very humid conditions (15°C/84% RH and 25°C/90% RH). During storage, the mycotoxin contents of the samples did not reflect the percentage of Fusarium infected kernels. Under warm but dry conditions (25°C/62% RH) the seed germination rate showed a slight increase or remained nearly constant; at the same time the Fusarium infection level of the kernels decreased fairly fast. Cool and dry conditions (15°C/56% RH) maintained good seed quality but the Fusarium infection level of the kernels remained largely the same. Warm and humid conditions are not appropriate to maintaining quality of both seed and grain product.     

A Novel Device for the Collection, Storage, Transport, and Delivery of Beneficial Insects, and its Application to Ophraella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

A multi-use device was developed for the collection, short-term storage, transport, and delivery of Ophraella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia. The device is made from a 125-ml plastic specimen container that can hold O. communa adults or pupae. When used as an aspirator, insect collection and counting times are reduced. O. communa adults and pupae can be stored inside the container at 3°C with median survival of 41 and 21 days, respectively. A cotton wick saturated with water or a 5% sugar solution nourishes insects during transport and the container design minimizes insect mortality by providing an optimum microclimate during insect storage and transport. Designed to protect insects from rainfall and to limit encounters with predators and parasites, the containers can be used for field releases of O. communa adults and pupae. Although the container has been designed and tested for O. communa, it is highly versatile and could possibly be used with a variety of insect species.     

A Calcium‐Ion Hybrid Energy Storage Device with High Capacity and Long Cycling Life under Room Temperature

Ca‐ion based devices are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage with high performance and low cost, thanks to its multielectrons, superior kinetics, as well as abundance (2500 times lithium). Because of the lack of an appropriate combination of suitable electrode materials and electrolytes, it is unsuccessful to attain a satisfactory performance on complete Ca‐ion energy storage devices. Here, the multiion reaction strategy is defined to construct a complete Ca‐ion energy storage device and a capacitor–battery hybrid mechanism is deliberately adopted. Profiting from the elaborate design, it exhibits a high reversible capacity of 92 mAh g^?1, unmatchable rate capability, and a high capacity retention of 84% over 1000 cycles under room temperature, which is the best performance of reported Ca‐based energy storage devices.     

A Lipid Droplet-Associated GFP Reporter-Based Screen Identifies New Fat Storage Regulators in C.elegans

Fat storage disorders including obesity are pandemic human health problems. As a genetically amenable model organism, Caeno- rhabditis elegans has often been used to explore the molecular mechanisms of fat storage regulation. Dye staining of fixed animals and stimulated Raman scattering （SRS） microscopy methods have been used successfully to study fat storage, but a genetic screening system that takes full advantage of C. elegans transparency to perform live imaging of fluorescent protein reporters has not yet been reported. Here, we investigated the tissue-specific expression of the GFP fusion of Perilipin 1 （PLIN1）, a Drosophila lipid droplet-associated protein, in C. elegans. Our results indicate that PLINI：：GFP labels lipid droplets and can be used as a fat storage indicator in live worms. Through an RNAi screen, we further identified several previously uncharacterized new fat storage regulators.     

Biological Control Agents in Combination with Fertilization or Fumigation to Reduce Sclerotial Viability of Sclerotium rolfsii and Disease of Snap Beans in the Greenhouse

The use of biological control agents in combination with fertilization or fumigation to reduce sclerotial viability of Sclerotium rolfsii and the disease it causes on snap bean was investigated in the greenhouse. The fertilizers ammonium sulphate [(NH₄)₂SO₄], ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃), diammonium phosphate [(NH₄)₂HPO₄], or urea applied to soil at a field rate of 135 kg/ha, 15 cm deep of nitrogen (N) (0.09 mg of N/g) or Gliocladium virens (Gl-3) biomass at a rate of 7.5 kg/ha, 15 cm deep (0.05 mg/g) did not reduce the viability of sclerotia of S. rolfsii (Sr-1) when each was applied alone. However, treatment with fertilizer together with the low rate of Gl-3 biomass significantly reduced the sclerotial viability. The treatments that were effective in reducing the viability by more than 75% were the application of (NH₄)₂SO₄ or (NH₄)₂PO₄ and the low rate of Gl-3 biomass. Application of the high rate (0.25 mg/g) of Gl-3 biomass alone only reduced the sclerotial viability by 25%. The addition of any of the fertilizers with the low rate of biomass generally resulted in bean seed germination in the pathogen-infested soil that was higher than that achieved with each individual component. The disease severity (DSI) on beans was appreciable (<3.0) in pathogen-infested soil treated with or without the fertilizer (NH₄)₂SO₄ and in pathogen-infested soil without fertilizer but with a low rate of Gl-3. However, in pathogen-infested soil treated with the fertilizer and the low rate of Gl-3 biomass together, the disease was reduced to a DSI value of less than 1.0. In fumigation studies with metham sodium (Vapam), a dose-response study to investigate the viability of sclerotia of S. rolfsii (Sr-3) indicated that fumigant rates of less than 23.3 μ g/g of soil were sublethal. It was also shown that 5.4 μ g/g of metham sodium was inhibitory to Gl-3 biomass but not to conidia. Consequently, the conidia of isolates Gl-3, Thm-4 of Trichoderma hamatum, and Tv-1 of Trichoderma viride were used together with metham sodium at 17.1 μ g/g of soil. Conidia that were applied to the soil 2 days prior to metham sodium reduced the viability of sclerotia more than each individual component. The results of this study suggest the feasibility of effective disease reduction with an approach utilizing biological control in combination with fertilization or fumigation.     

口服胃肠超声助显剂检测2型糖尿病患者胃半排空功能的临床价值

目的:研究口服胃肠超声助显剂检测2型糖尿病患者胃半排空功能的临床价值。方法:选取2011年8月至2013年8月已被收治的符合标准的2型糖尿病患者共100例作为研究组,同时选取110例健康志愿者作为对照组,采用口服胃肠超声助显剂分别检测2组受试者胃半排空功能,记录分析两组受试者胃窦部面积减少一半的时间。结果:研究组的15min、30min、45min、60min、75min、90min的胃排空率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。研究组的胃半排空时间较对照组延长,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:口服胃肠超声助显剂可作为临床诊断2型糖尿病患者合并胃轻瘫的一种可靠的可反复的无创伤的检测手段。     

种子贮藏蛋白的运输、积累和基因表达调控

种子中贮藏蛋白的运输和积累途径主要有：(1)蛋白质合成后经内膜系统转移到蛋白质贮藏液泡(PSV)中积累;(2)合成的蛋白质直接在粗糙内质网的膜囊中积累形成蛋白质体;(3)贮藏蛋白不经高尔基体的加工由粗糙内质网上合成后直接运输到PSV中积累。贮藏蛋白基因的表达受该基因的顺式作用元件和反式作用因子的共同调控,此外染色体的结构也影响贮藏蛋白基因的表达。