单克隆抗体在淋病奈瑟氏菌研究和感染诊断中的应用

淋病是全球性疾病,对于淋球菌的研究已进入分子水平,本文从以下３个方面综述了单克隆体抗体在淋球菌研究和感染诊断中的应用：１．对于脂寡糖的研究２．对于淋球菌外膜蛋白Ⅰ的研究３．单克隆抗体在淋病流行病学和诊断中的应用。     

酶联免疫吸附试验检测A型产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素

本实验建立了双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ检测产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素的实验体系。以家兔单特异ＩｇＧ包被酶标板,辣根过氧化物酶标记的绵羊ＩｇＧ作为指示物,可检测出１．２５ｎｇ／ｍｌ（０．１２５ｎｇ）的产气荚膜梭菌肠毒素,线性范围大,重复性及稳定性好,对培养上清及粪便滤液检查无非特异反应。是产气荚膜梭菌食物中毒实验室诊断的一种快速可靠的检测方法。     

Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay based on the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-like coronaviruses

The nucleocapsid protein (N) is a major structural protein of coronaviruses. The N protein of bat SARS-like coronavirus (SL-CoV) has a high similarity with that of SARS-CoV. In this study, the SL-CoV N protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and used as antigen. An Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (indirect ELISA) was developed for detection of SARS- or SL-CoV infections in bat populations. The detection of 573 bat sera with this indirect ELISA demonstrated that SL-CoVs consistently circulate in Rhinilophus species, further supporting the proposal that bats are natural reservoirs of SL-CoVs. This method uses 1-2 μl of serum sample and can be used for preliminary screening of infections by SARS- or SL-CoV with a small amount of serum sample.     

基于磁性纳米微球的Gamma干扰素酶联免疫检测方法建立

目的：建立及评价使用磁性纳米微球作为固相载体的人酌干扰素（Interferon-gamma,IFN-gamma）双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附实验 （Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）检测方法。方法：以杂化细乳液合成法制备磁性纳米微球,将其作为免疫检测的固相 载体。将磁性微球与IFN-酌抗体进行偶联,建立基于磁性微球的ELISA 检测方法,检测人IFN-gamma,绘制IFN-gamma标准曲线并进行方法 学评价。结果：获得包被有人IFN-gamma抗体的免疫微球, 抗体偶联率为54.5 %。用它建立IFN-gamma的双抗体夹心的ELISA 检测方法,检 测范围为0-1000 pg/mL,相关系数为0.9996,灵敏度23.2 pg/mL,功能灵敏度0 pg/mL,批内和批间变异系数（Coefficients of Variance,CVs）＜8 %,检测总共需要2 小时。结论：成功制备了IFN-酌免疫微球并建立了定量检测人IFN-gamma的双抗体夹心磁珠 酶联免疫方法。     

Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on the Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-like Coronavlruses

The nucleocapsid protein （N） is a major structural protein of coronaviruses. The N protein of bat SARS-like coronavirus （SL-CoV） has a high similarity with that of SARS-CoV. In this study, the SL-CoV N protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and used as antigen. An Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay （indirect ELISA） was developed for detection of SARS- or SL-CoV infections in bat populations. The detection of 573 bat sera with this indirect ELISA demonstrated that SL-CoVs consistently circulate in Rhinilophus species, further supporting the proposal that bats are natural reservoirs of SL-CoVs. This method uses 1-2 μl of serum sample and can be used for preliminary screening of infections by SARS- or SL-CoV with a small amount of serum sample.     

A 1-Hour Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Quantitation of Acrolein- and Hydroxynonenal-Modified Proteins by Epitope-Bound Casein Matrix Method

A simple and rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for quantitation of acrolein and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified proteins was developed. Microtiter plate wells were precoated and blocked simultaneously with epitope-bound bovine caseins as matrix proteins, and aldehyde-modified proteins were quantitated by a competition assay with a monoclonal antibody specific for acrolein-modified lysine or HNE-modified histidine epitopes. Minimal reaction times required for the coating/blocking; first monoclonal antibody and the peroxidase-conjugated second antibody binding steps were 3, 3, and 7 min, respectively, the former two steps being found to be or akin to diffusion-rate-limiting reactions. The convenient ELISA should find an application for analyses of the intricate processes involved in oxidative stress and carcinogenic insult. The epitope-attachment methodology may also be advantageous for the quantitation of various other biologically important haptenic molecules.     

酶联免疫吸附测定法

酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）是一种灵敏度、特异性和精度都十分优良的测定方法。在诊断、疾病监控以及研究用途方面得到了广泛的运用。现在还在对其进行开发，以简化工序，提高灵敏度。此讲由SRL公司试药部的原田弘智对其进行讲解。[编者按]     

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay of Fungal NADP-Glutamate Dehydrogenase

A sensitive and reliable method has been developed for the quantitation of NADP⁺-glutamate dehydrogenase from the phytopathogenic Ascomycete Sphaerostilbe repens using a two-step competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Purified enzyme was adsorbed noncovalently to polystyrene wells and rabbit immunserum was allowed to bind to antigensensitized wells. Bound specific antibody was visualized by goat antirabbit immunoglobulin covalently linked to alkaline phosphatase using paranitrophenylphosphate as the substrate. Increasing amounts of purified enzyme or crude fungal extracts were quantitated by their ability to inhibit specific antibody adsorption to antigen-coated polystyrene wells. This system proves to be useful in the range of 10 to 80 nanograms of enzyme level. Using this assay, identical amounts of NADP⁺-glutamate dehydrogenase were found in mycelia grown on nitrate and ammonia sources.     

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detection of Chitooligosaccharides

In order to detect chitooligosaccharides (COS), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. A chitooligosaccharide mixture (COSM) conjugated to bovine serum albumin was used to immunize rabbits to produce an anti-COS polyclonal antibody. By use of specific antibody and COSM-horseradish peroxidase conjugate, we established a competitive direct ELISA (cdELISA) the detection limit of which was about 0.1 μg/ml. In the cdELISA, the cross-reactivities of the specific antibody toward glucosamine, chitobiose, chitotriose, chitotetraose, chitopentaose, and chitohexaose were 0.27, 27, 75, 75, 144, and 100%, respectively, and those toward N-acetylchitobiose, N-acetylchitotriose, N-acetylchitotetraose, N-acetylchitopentaose, and N-acetylchitohexaose were 1.58, 0.005, 1.08, 0.05, and 0.40%, respectively.     

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay of Ampicillin in Milk

An indirect immunoassay for quantitative determination of ampicillin (range, 10–1000 ng/ml) in buffer or milk has been developed. Polyclonal antibodies were obtained against ampicillin conjugated with bovine serum albumin; the conjugate was synthesized by direct condensation using carbodiimide. The antibodies were specific for ampicillin and exhibited low cross-reactivity to other penicillins (azlocillin, 17%; penicillin G, 10%; piperacillin, 5%; and carbenicillin, 4%). Matrix effects were minimized by combining the use of a casein-supplemented buffer (content of casein, 1%) with sample dilution. Limit of detection for ampicillin in milk (diluted tenfold) was equal to 5.0 ng/ml (which corresponded to 50 ng/ml of the original sample).