古银杏内生真菌的分离及其抑菌活性

采用组织分离法从古银杏健康组织中分离得到55株内生真菌, 其中28个分离菌株在PDA培养基上不产孢子, 占总分离菌株的50.9%, 其它菌株根据其在PDA培养基上的培养特征, 10株被鉴定为青霉、6株为曲霉、4株为交链孢霉、3株为简梗孢霉, 另外酵母、毛霉、小单头孢霉、镰孢霉各1株。考察内生真菌培养上清对7种受试指示菌的抑制作用, 共筛选得到23株至少对一种指示菌的生长有抑制作用的菌株, 其中11株为不产孢真菌, 占活性菌株的47.83%。对活性最强的一株菌进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定, 将其确定为Xyla     

刺五加内生真菌分离鉴定及抗菌活性研究

为开发利用刺五加内生真菌资源,寻找新型抗菌物质,从刺五加根茎叶中分离纯化得到内生真菌71株,经菌落形态和显微形态去重后进行ITS序列分子鉴定为18个种,来自于4目、8科、11属,其中链格孢属与镰孢霉属为优势属。根、茎、叶中内生真菌多样性指数分别为1. 112 31、1. 523 658、0. 264 1。18种刺五加内生真菌中,16种内生真菌至少对一种指示菌有抗菌活性。CWJ-5(镰孢霉属Fusarium oxysporum)对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌效果显著,抑菌直径27. 17±0. 07 mm; CWJ-6(链格孢属Alternaria alternata)对大肠埃希菌抑菌效果显著,抑菌直径18. 07±0. 01 mm。结果表明刺五加内生真菌资源丰富,有很大的开发利用空间,部分菌种抑菌活性显著,值得进一步研究。     

飞龙斩血内生菌种群分布及抑菌活性检测

【目的】研究药用植物飞龙斩血内生菌的种群组成及其抑菌活性,以了解飞龙斩血内生菌的种群分布状态和得到抗菌活性菌株。【方法】采用严格的表面消毒程序、添加抑菌剂的方法分离、培养内生菌株。利用表型和分子技术相结合的方法对内生菌进行分类鉴定。纸片扩散法对分离获得的内生菌进行抑菌活性试验。【结果】从飞龙斩血植株内分离得到了3株内生细菌,1株内生放线菌和82株内生真菌。分类鉴定为14目16科27属,镰孢属(Fusarium)、拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)为飞龙斩血内生真菌中的优势种群。通过对30株病原指示菌的抑菌活性检测,18株内生菌对多种指示菌有明显的抑制作用。16株是内生真菌,分属11属。【结论】本试验研究了飞龙斩血内生菌的种群分布,获得了一些具有抗菌活性的内生菌,为飞龙斩血内生菌资源的开发利用提供了基础。     

飞龙斩血内生菌种群分布及抑菌活性检测

摘要:【目的】研究药用植物飞龙斩血内生菌的种群组成及其抑菌活性,以了解飞龙斩血内生菌的种群分布状态和得到抗菌活性菌株。【方法】采用严格的表面消毒程序、添加抑菌剂的方法分离、培养内生菌株。利用表型和分子技术相结合的方法对内生菌进行分类鉴定。纸片扩散法对分离获得的内生菌进行抑菌活性试验。【结果】从飞龙斩血植株内分离得到了3株内生细菌,1株内生放线菌和82株内生真菌。分类鉴定为14目16科27属,镰孢属(Fusarium)、拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)为飞龙斩血内生真菌中的优势种群。通过对30株病原指示菌的抑菌活性检测,18株内生菌对多种指示菌有明显的抑制作用。16株是内生真菌,分属11属。【结论】本试验研究了飞龙斩血内生菌的种群分布,获得了一些具有抗菌活性的内生菌,为飞龙斩血内生菌资源的开发利用提供了基础。     

远志内生真菌抑菌活性筛选

从10月份采集的栽培和野生远志(Polygala tenuifolia Willd) 的根、茎、叶中分离内生真菌85株, 其中自栽培远志分离33株, 野生远志分离52株, 共鉴定76株, 隶属于23个属。通过对14种指示菌进行生长抑制试验, 发现远志内生真菌对枯草芽孢杆菌、宋内氏痢疾杆菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌和九州镰孢霉等5种指示菌抑制效果较好。经鉴定, 它们属于镰孢霉属, 交链孢霉属, Aphanocladium等属, 对单核细胞增生李斯特菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、普通变形杆菌、致病性大肠埃希氏菌、小孢拟盘多毛     

一株产黄酮类物质内生真菌的初步研究

从银杏(Ginkgo biloba L.)的不同组织部位共分离出45株内生真菌。应用显色反应、聚酰胺薄膜层析对45株内生真菌的发酵提取物进行了初步分析,再采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)做进一步检测,得到1株产黄酮类物质的内生真菌(GL-2),经鉴定为明孢多节孢Nodulisporium hyalosporum。     

攀枝花苏铁植物内生真菌多样性的初步研究

为研究我国特有孓遗植物攀枝花苏铁(Cycas panzhihuaensis L.Zhou et S.Y.Yang)内生真菌的多样性,分别从原生境和迁移地采集不同部位的组织材料,经培养分离纯化菌株,并进行形态学鉴定和多样性分析.结果显示分离共获得内生真菌438株,其中346株分属3纲、5目、8科、37属,以交链孢属Alternaria sp.、盘多毛孢属Pestalotia sp.、镰孢霉属Fusarium sp.、黑孢霉属Nigrospora sp.为优势属,92株为无孢菌群,研究说明攀枝花苏铁内生真菌具有高度的生物多样性.研究还发现不同采集时间、不同生境多样性相似度较高,但不同组织部位的菌群组成差异比较明显.     

云南大理烟区烟叶内生真菌多样性及分布特征

【目的】研究大理烟区烟叶内生真菌的多样性及分布特征。【方法】通过形态特征和ITS-rDNA序列分析对获得的菌株进行分类。【结果】从烟草叶片中共分离得到内生真菌1 568株,分别归于31个属,在属水平上的优势菌群为链格孢属(Alternaria)和镰孢属(Fusarium),分别占真菌总数的40.79%和18.73%。【结论】烟草内生真菌的数量、种类、多样性和分布分别在不同部位叶片间和不同地区间存在差异,在下部叶数量较多,而上部叶的种类较多,多样性更丰富。随着烟草的发育成熟,内生真菌数量、种类和多样性增加,在现蕾期和成熟期最大。     

青蒿内生真菌的抗肿瘤抗氧化活性

采用MTT法和DPPH法,分别测定已分离得到的68株贵州青蒿内生真菌乙酸乙酯粗提物的肿瘤细胞生长抑制率和DPPH自由基清除率。试验共筛选获得12株活性内生真菌,根据其形态特征进行鉴定,分别隶属于子囊菌亚门(Ascomycotina)的链格孢属(Alternaria)、刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum)、拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis)和拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis);其中,有8株内生真菌至少对1种指示瘤株具有细胞毒活性,占总菌株数的11.8%;5株内生真菌具有不同程度的清除DPPH自由基活性,占总菌株数的7.4%;1株内生真菌同时具有细胞毒活性和抗氧化活性。     

蛇足石杉中产石杉碱甲内生真菌的分离和鉴定

【目的】从野生蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata)中分离筛选产石杉碱甲的内生真菌。【方法】采用薄层层析及高效液相色谱法对内生真菌代谢产物进行测定和分析以期分离获得产石杉碱甲菌株,运用形态及ITS序列分析方法对产石杉碱甲菌株进行鉴定,并利用连续传代方法考察菌株遗传稳定性。【结果】经筛选获得一株产石杉碱甲内生真菌NSH-5,经形态学鉴定及ITS序列分析鉴定为轮枝镰孢菌(Fusarium verticillioides),其石杉碱甲产量为11.76 mg/100 m L,菌株经20次连续传代后遗传稳定。【结论】NSH-5菌株为一株具有产石杉碱甲能力的轮枝镰孢菌,该菌株的发现为生物合成石杉碱甲提供了新的菌种资源。     

产杜仲黄酮内生真菌的初步研究

由杜仲植株的根、茎、叶分离到内生真菌,分别对各菌株进行液体培养,筛选能产生与杜仲药材相同或相似黄酮类化合物的内生真菌。将培养物适当处理后,根据黄酮类化合物所特有的颜色反应进行初筛,然后根据TLC分析和紫外-可见光分光光度法测定结果进行复筛,结果从杜仲植株共分离得到44株内生真菌,其中1株(DZY5)能产出与其宿主相同或相似的黄酮类物质。     

Leaf surface traits: overlooked determinants of birch resistance to herbivores and foliar micro-fungi?

Previous studies on the mechanisms of birch resistance to herbivores and foliar micro-fungi (both pathogenic and endophytic) have focused mainly on the role of internal leaf chemistry. In the present study, we examined genetic correlations between leaf surface traits (glandular trichome density and total concentrations of surface flavonoid aglycones) and occurrence of three species of foliar micro-fungi, one pathogenic rust (Melampsoridium betulinum) and two endophytic fungi (Fusicladium sp. and Melanconium sp.), and performance of autumnal moth larvae (Epirrita autumnata) in two birch species, Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii and B. pendula. The performance of autumnal moth larvae on B. pubescens ssp. czerepanovii was negatively correlated with density of glandular trichomes (RGR: r=–0.855; pupal mass: r=–0.709). In addition, rust infection was negatively correlated with trichome density in B. pendula (r=–0.675) and with epicuticular flavonoid aglycones in B. pubescens ssp. czerepanovii (r=–0.855). The frequency of the endophytic fungus Fusicladium sp., was related to epicuticular flavonoid aglycones (r=–0.782), while another endophytic fungus, Melanconium sp., showed no associations with any of the studied variables in B. pubescens ssp. czerepanovii. Our results indicate that leaf surface traits may be at least as important determinants of herbivore performance and micro-fungi abundance in birch as leaf internal chemistry.     

灯盏花产黄酮内生放线菌筛选及产黄酮能力的初步研究

通过黄酮类物质特异颜色反应和可见分光光度法,筛选产黄酮的灯盏花内生放线菌,研究灯盏花产黄酮内生放线菌在PDA、高氏1号和淀粉3种培养基上的产黄酮能力。结果表明:59株灯盏花内生放线菌中,8株菌的镁粉+浓盐酸、氯化铝、浓氨水3种颜色反应均成阳性,能够产生黄酮。形态学观察初步鉴定这8株菌均为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)。3种培养基中,在PDA培养基上灯盏花产黄酮内生放线菌的菌丝体生物量、黄酮含量和产量较高。8株灯盏花产黄酮内生放线菌中,菌株RA′1-7生长较好,菌株ELA′3-2和RA2-1菌丝体黄酮含量较高,菌株ELA′3-2菌丝体黄酮产量较高。     

产黄酮成分的绶草内生真菌的鉴定

利用薄层层析法进行的定性分析表明,分离自绶草Spiranthes sinensis的3株内生真菌产生了黄酮类化合物,在形态学鉴定的同时,扩增、测序了3株内生真菌的rDNA的ITS序列,利用MEGA4.0软件和邻接法（Neighbour-joining methods）进行了聚类分析,菌株S-1鉴定为不等弯孢Curvularia inaequalis,S-2和S-3鉴定为嗜松青霉Penicillium pinophilum。     

ENHANCEMENT OF RUTIN PRODUCTION IN Fagopyrum tataricum HAIRY ROOT CULTURES WITH ITS ENDOPHYTIC FUNGAL ELICITORS

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) is a potentially important source of rutin, a natural bioactive flavonoid with antihyperglycemic, antioxidative, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study examines the effects of endophytic fungi on rutin production in the hairy root cultures of F. tataricum. Without obvious changes in the appearance of the hairy roots, the exogenous fungal mycelia elicitors efficiently stimulated the hairy root growth and rutin biosynthesis, and the stimulation effect was mainly dependent on the mycelia elicitor species, as well as its treatment dose. Two endophytic fungal isolates Fat9 (Fusarium oxysporum) and Fat15 (Alternaria sp.) were screened as promising candidates for promoting F. tataricum hairy root growth and rutin production. With application of polysaccharide (PS) of endophyte Fat9 (200 mg/L), and PS of endophyte Fat15 (100 mg/L) to the hairy root cultures on day 25, the rutin yield was increased to 45.9 mg/L and 47.2 mg/L, respectively. That was about 3.1- to 3.2-fold in comparison with the control level of 14.6 mg/L. Moreover, the present study revealed that the accumulation of rutin resulted from the stimulation of the phenylpropanoid pathway by mycelia PS treatments. This may be an efficient strategy for enhancing rutin production in F. tataricum hairy root culture provided with its endophytic mycelia elicitors.     

Endophytic fungi,host genotype,and their interaction influence the growth and production of key chemical components of Dendrobium catenatum

To examine how host plant genotype, endophytic fungal species, and their interaction may affect growth and key chemical content and composition in an important orchid species, we assessed four Dendrobium catenatum cultivars co-cultured with three fungi previously isolated from D. catenatum. Fungal endophytes (Tulasnella sp., Leptosphaeria microscopica, and Guignardia sp.) specifically affected the growth and chemical composition of the four cultivars. Fungal infection significantly increased certain growth traits, especially mid-stem thickness, stem biomass, stem polysaccharide and ethanol-soluble extractive content, and leaf flavonoid and phenol content. Presence or abundance of some key chemical components was also altered by fungal treatment. These increases and alterations were highly dependent on the host genotype. The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of Dendrobium and endophytic fungi interactions, and provide vital information for improving the development and use of endophytic fungi in D. catenatum breeding.     

Production of a benzylated flavonoid from 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavanone by Penicillium griseoroseum

Penicillium griseoroseum, isolated as an endophytic microorganism from Coffeea arabica seeds, was grown in Czapeck's medium containing 5,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavanone. The fungus incorporated a dimethylated tetraketide, clavatol, a typical fungal secondary metabolite, into the flavanone structure at C-6, resulting in a novel benzylated flavonoid. Clavatol was also found free in the fungus extract. The compounds were isolated by chromatographic procedures and identified by extensive spectroscopic studies, including MS/MS and 1D and 2D NMR. The process probably involves enzymes catalyzing C–C bound formation, which is uncommon in fungi. The possibility of fungi participation in the biosynthesis of plant benzylated flavonoids is discussed.     

Ceriporia lacerata DMC1106, a new endophytic fungus: Isolation, identification, and optimal medium for 2′,4′-dihydroxy-6′-methoxy-3′,5′-dimethylchalcone production

2′,4′-Dihydroxy-6′-methoxy-3′,5′-dimethylchalcone (DMC), a bioactive flavonoid isolated from Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr and Perry (Myrtaceae) exhibits significant anti-cancer effects and has received great attention recently. In this work, a new endophytic DMCproducing fungus, Ceriporia lacerata DMC1106, was isolated from the bud of C. operculatus. Its identity was confirmed based on rDNA ITS sequences (ITS1 and ITS2 regions and the intervening 5.8S rDNA region) and phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, statistical screening designs were applied to identify significant medium variables for DMC production and to find their optimal levels. The difference between the optimized medium and the original medium suggested that L-phenylalanine, magnesium ion and oxalic acid might be attributed to the enhancement of DMC production. Compared with the initial medium, the production of DMC was increased 6-fold in optimum medium. These results demonstrated that the endophytic fungus Ceriporia lacerata DMC1106 has potential applications for DMC production.     

The xylem of rice (Oryza sativa) is colonized by Azorhizobium caulinodans

Following inoculation with Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 (pXLGD4), lateral root development of rice and colonization of lateral root cracks by bacteria were shown to be stimulated by the flavonoid naringenin. Rice seedlings growing aseptically in the presence of naringenin were inoculated with ORS571 (pXLGD4), carrying the lacZ reporter gene. By microscopic analysis of sections of inoculated rice roots, it has been demonstrated that the xylem of rice roots can be colonized by Azorhizobium caulinodans. We discuss whether this colonization of the xylem of rice roots by azorhizobia could provide a suitable niche for endophytic nitrogen fixation.