应激性高血糖与急性自发性脑出血患者术后并发症和早期预后的相关性研究

目的:探讨应激性高血糖与自发性脑出血患者术后并发症及早期预后的关系。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的自发性脑出血患者358例,根据入院时血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)及既往有无糖尿病史分为血糖正常组(96例)、应激性高血糖组(107例)及糖尿病组(155例),记录和比较各组入院时的血糖、格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)、平均出血量及入院后30 d时各组的术后并发症发生情况、格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)的差异。结果:糖尿病组入院时血糖水平、平均出血量、重型患者所占比率、脑出血破入脑室、颅内再出血、颅内感染、肺部感染、尿路感染及上消化道出血发生率、GOS分级植物状态或死亡发生率均明显高于应激性高血糖组(P0.05),GOS分级良好率低于应激性高血糖组(P0.05);而应激性高血糖组入院时血糖水平、平均出血量、重型患者所占比率、脑出血破入脑室、颅内再出血发生率、GOS分级植物状态或死亡发生率均明显高于血糖正常组(P0.05)。结论:自发性脑出血患者入院时应激性高血糖与患者的病情显著相关,可加重急性脑出血的不良预后。     

阿维菌素中毒患者血清C反应蛋白的浓度变化及意义

目的探讨口服阿维菌素中毒患者血清C反应蛋白浓度变化与病情严重程度及预后的关系。方法将39例口服阿维菌素中毒患者分为轻度中毒组和中重度中毒组,42例健康体检者为对照组。轻、中重度中毒组患者分别于入院时及入院第3、5天检测血清C反应蛋白浓度,并进行组间比较。结果中毒组血清CRP水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;轻度中毒组血清CRP水平在入院时及入院第3、5天变化较小,各时点血清CRP水平比较无显著统计学意义（P〉0.05）;中重度中毒组血清CRP水平在入院时即显著升高,入院第3天达最高值,各时点血清CRP水平比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论血清C反应蛋白浓度可作为判断口服阿维菌素中毒患者病情严重程度及预后的敏感指标。     

辛伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠阿司匹林抵抗的影响及其机制

目的：观察辛伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠阿司匹林抵抗的作用及机制。方法：选取雄性8周龄Wistar大鼠96只,随机分成糖尿病组和正常组（n=48）。糖尿病组大鼠腹腔一次性注射1%链脲佐菌素（STZ） （65 mg/kg,溶于0.l mmol/L、pH 4.5的柠檬酸缓冲液）来诱发糖尿病模型,正常组大鼠注射相同剂量的柠檬酸缓冲液。血糖大于16.8 mmol/L且同时具备多饮、多尿、体重减轻的糖尿病症状的大鼠认为糖尿病造模成功。糖尿病和正常大鼠分别随机分为糖尿病对照组（DM）、糖尿病阿司匹林组（DM-ASA）、糖尿病辛伐他汀组（DM-SIM）、糖尿病阿司匹林联合辛伐他汀组（DM-ASA+SIM）和正常对照组（NC）、正常阿司匹林组（NC-ASA）、正常辛伐他汀组（NC-SIM）、正常阿司匹林联合辛伐他汀组（NC-ASA+SIM）（n=12）。阿司匹林组、辛伐他汀组及阿司匹林联合辛伐他汀组分别给予10 mg/kg阿司匹林、2 mg/kg辛伐他汀、10 mg/kg阿司匹林加2 mg/kg辛伐他汀溶于PBS灌胃,对照组给予等量PBS灌胃。连续灌胃8周后,评价血小板聚集功能和血小板活化指标,检测大鼠血清一氧化氮（NO）、内皮素（ET）、前列环素（PGI2）、脂联素（APN）、血栓素B2（TXB2）水平和血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）水平;进行大鼠胸主动脉离体血管张力实验评价内皮功能;检测大鼠胸主动脉血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）、血红素氧合酶-2（HO-2）、内皮型NO合酶（eNOS）、磷酸化-内皮型NO合酶（p-eNOS）、抗凋亡蛋白（Bcl-2）、环加氧酶-2 （COX-2）等蛋白的表达水平。结果：与对照组大鼠相比,糖尿病大鼠其血小板活化及聚集值增高,且模型组呈现阿司匹林的反应性减低现象（P<0.05）;在糖尿病大鼠,阿司匹林联合辛伐他汀较单用阿司匹林组显著降低血小板活化及聚集值（P<0.05）,其通过上调HO-1、eNOS、p-eNOS、Bcl-2等蛋白的表达水平及升高血清APN水平,下调COX-2蛋白表达水平,通过改善内皮功能,调节TXA2/PGI2水平、增加NO水平,发挥其抗血小板作用。结论：糖尿病大鼠呈现阿司匹林反应性减低,辛伐他汀具有潜在的改善血小板对阿司匹林的反应性的作用。     

动态心电图评价2型糖尿病患者心脏自主神经功能的价值

目的:研究动态心电图在评价2型糖尿病患者心脏自主神经功能中的价值。方法:选择2012年2月~2015年2月在我院进行诊治的2型糖尿病患者260例,按照心血管自主神经功能分为损伤组152例和正常组108例,采用动态心电图检查两组的心率变异、心脏变时功能不全和心率震荡。结果:两组间平均心率相比无明显差异(P0.05),损伤组的最慢心率明显高于正常组(P0.05),最快心率和差值明显低于正常组(P0.05);两组间震荡初始无明显差异(P0.05),损伤组的震荡斜率明显低于正常组(P0.05);损伤组的窦性心搏间期均值的标准差、相邻R-R间期差值的均方根值和5 min心搏间期均值的标准差均明显低于正常组(P0.05)。结论:应用动态心电图检测心脏变时性功能不全指标和心率震荡、心率变异指标能准确评价2型糖尿病患者的心脏自主神经功能,具有较高的诊断价值。     

微量白蛋白尿期2型DKA患者使用胰岛素泵治疗的疗效观察与分析

为观察胰岛素泵治疗微量白蛋白尿期2型糖尿病老年患者酮症酸中毒的临床疗效,本研究选取本院肾病风湿病科和内分泌科52例微量白蛋白尿期(30 mg≤24 h尿微量白蛋白300 mg) 2型糖尿病酮症酸中毒老年患者作为研究对象,入院时间从2015年6月至2017年1月。入院后所有纳入患者均给予快速补液、纠正水、电解质和酸碱平衡、调节血糖等处理。其中26例患者给予24 h持续泵入诺和灵R的胰岛素泵治疗,初始设定胰岛素量为0.1 U·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)。待酮体阴性、动脉p H正常时,给予基础量泵入,设为胰岛素泵组;另26例患者给予诺和灵R持续快速静滴,滴速为0.1 U·kg~(-1)·h~(-1),待酮体阴性、动脉pH正常时改为皮下注射的方式,设为持续静滴组。对比两组患者的尿酮体转阴时间、胰岛素用量以及低血糖发生率,本研究发现,两组患者在性别构成、年龄、糖尿病病程、尿微量白蛋白、发病次数和严重程度方面差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。胰岛素泵组尿酮体转阴时间要比持续静滴组短,胰岛素用量少,低血糖发生率低,两者差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。由此可见,胰岛素泵可以明显减少微量白蛋白尿期2型糖尿病酮症酸中毒老年患者的胰岛素用量,缩短尿酮体转阴时间,同时减少低血糖发生风险。     

不同时机的营养护理干预在妇科肿瘤围术期患者中的应用

目的：探讨不同时机的营养护理干预在妇科肿瘤围术期患者中的临床应用分析。方法：选取辽院2014年1月—2016年1月期间收治的90例妇科肿瘤患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行对症手术治疗。将之按照营养干预时间不同分为观察组（n＝45）和对照组（n=45）,其中对照组常规术前禁食禁水,术后6h进食的方式进行营养支持,观察组患者则于术前4d予以患者营养物质支持。分别对两组患者入院时、入院7d后和入院14d后的营养状况主观评价（SGA）得分和客观营养状况指标（包括总白蛋白、白蛋白、转铁蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白）进行合理评估,同时比较两组患者的手术相关指标和随访6个月的生活质量（SF-36）。结果：入院时,两组患者的SGA量表和客观营养状况指标比较无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,入院7d时和14d时,两组患者的营养正常、轻度营养不良、中度营养不良等SGA量表指标和客观营养指标明显优于入院时,其中以观察组入院14d时的SGA量表和客观营养状况指标最优,差异显著（P＜0.05）;经比较,观察组患者的肠蠕动恢复时间、排气时间及体重差等相关指标明显优于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;另外,对两组患者随访6个月发现,观察组患者的短期生活质量评分明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：早期营养护理干预在妇科肿瘤围术期患者中发挥了重要的作用,其不仅可以有效改善患者的营养状态,且在一定程度上提高了患者的生活质量,值得推广。     

牛磺酸抑制糖尿病大鼠视网膜Muller细胞VEGF表达的研究

目的:进一步了解糖尿病引起视网膜受损的分子机制、探讨牛磺酸保护糖尿病大鼠视网膜损伤的可能机制.方法用链脲佐茵素诱导SD大鼠患糖尿病,分为正常对照组、糖尿病组、1%牛磺酸干预糖尿病组、5%%牛磺酸干预糖尿病组、胰岛素治疗糖尿病组.正常对照组、糖尿病组、胰岛素治疗组饲以基础饲料,牛磺酸干预组饲以基础饲料分别添加1%、5% 牛磺酸的饲料喂养,胰岛素治疗组每天皮下注射20U/kg胰岛素.在第2周、1月、2月、3月取视网膜,用RT-PCR、免疫组织荧光化学、Western-blotting检测视网膜Muller细胞VEGFmRNA和蛋白表达情况.结果:经链脲佐菌素诱导惠糖尿病2周后,SD大鼠视网膜Muller细胞VEGFmRNA和蛋白表达增加,且随病程的延长表达量有持续增加趋势(P＜0.05).患糖尿病3月后,整个视网膜中VEGF免疫染色明显增强,尤以外网状层(OPL)、内网状层(IPL)和视网膜外段变化最明显.牛磺酸干预糖尿病1月后.大鼠视网膜Muller细胞VEGFmRNA和蛋白的表达下调(P＜0.05).结论:牛磺酸抑制糖尿病患者视网膜Muller细胞VEGF的表达,减轻糖尿病引起的视网膜损害.     

急性缺血性脑卒中血清肌钙蛋白-T的检测及临床意义

目的:探讨急性缺血性脑卒中患者血清肌钙蛋白-T(cTnT)平升高与卒中严重程度和预后的关系.方法:123例急性缺血性脑卒中患者,在住院的第一天内完成血清cTnT水平的检查.以0.5ng/ml为界,将患者分为cTnT水平升高组和cTnT水平正常组.患者顸后评价采用出院时mRS评分.结果:16例(13.0%)血清cTnT水平升高.与cTnT水平正常组相比,cTnT水平升高组患者入院时NIHSS评分更严重,岛叶受累的发生率更高,梗死体积大,预后较差.cTnT水平升高和入院时NIHSS评分(>14)预测卒中预后mRS评分(>4)特异性分别为93%和95%(P>0.05),敏感性分别为31%和82%(P<0.05).结论:血清cTnT水平升高的急性缺血性中风患者卒中更严重,梗死体积大,预后较差,这些患者大多岛叶受累.cTnT水平升高作为一个预后预测指标的敏感性明显低于入院时NIHSS评分.     

糖尿病并发抑郁症大鼠海马血脑屏障结构的损伤及其机制

目的：研究糖尿病并发抑郁症大鼠海马血脑屏障结构关键蛋白紧密连接蛋白（ZO-1）、基底膜蛋白（CoIV）、周细胞蛋白（a-SMA）的表达情况及其损伤机制。方法：采用高脂灌胃14 d后,再尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素（STZ,38mg/kg）,随机分为2组（n=15）：糖尿病组和糖尿病并发抑郁症组;正常大鼠随机分为2组（n=15）：空白对照组和抑郁症组。糖尿病组与空白对照组正常饲养,糖尿病并发抑郁症组和抑郁症组慢性不可预知性应激28 d。检测各组大鼠血糖值的变化,Open-field及Morris实验评价大鼠行为学变化,透射电子显微镜观察大鼠海马血脑屏障形态学改变,免疫组化法检测大鼠海马血脑屏障关键蛋白ZO-1、CoIV、a-SMA表达情况。结果：与空白对照组比较,糖尿病并发抑郁症组大鼠血糖异常升高,自主活动次数减少,逃避潜伏期延长,空间探索时间减少（P < 0.05,P < 0. 01）;海马血脑屏障内皮模糊,毛细血管管腔狭窄,周边胶质细胞终足水肿,ZO-1、α-SMA表达显著减少（P < 0. 05）,CoIV的表达显著增加（P < 0.05）;与糖尿病组比较,糖尿病并发抑郁症组大鼠自主活动次数显著减少（P < 0. 01）,逃避潜伏期延长（P < 0.05）,海马血脑屏障毛细血管管腔更为狭窄、胶质细胞终足水肿更为明显,a-SMA表达显著下降（P< 0.05）。结论：糖尿病并发抑郁症血脑屏障关键蛋白ZO-1、CoIV、α-SMA表达紊乱可能是其结构损伤发生机制之一。     

肥胖及2型糖尿病患者内脏脂肪基因差异表达研究

目的：筛查在正常人、单纯性肥胖患者及肥胖伴2型糖尿病患者内脏脂肪组织中差异表达的基因。方法：利用自制的高密度cDNA芯片,比较正常人、单纯性肥胖患者及肥胖伴2型糖尿病患者内脏脂肪组织中差异表达的基因,以寻找脂肪组织特异的与肥胖及糖尿病发生有关的基因。结果：和正常人相比,在肥胖患者及肥胖伴2型糖尿病患者中上调的基因分别有119个和257个,下调的基因分别有46和58个。这些基因中有77个在两组中均上调,其中包括与代谢有关的基因,如丙酮酸脱氢酶激酶4（PDK4）以及窖蛋白、金属硫因蛋白等;8个基因在两组中均下调,其中包括脂肪合成途径中的关键酶,如3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸单酰辅酶A（MGA）合成酶、脂肪酸合成酶及硬脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶。另外,酪氨酸-3单加氧酶-色氨酸-5单加氧酶活化蛋白θ（YWHAZ）仅在肥胖伴2型糖尿病患者中上调,而在单纯性肥胖患者中不变,该基因所编码的蛋白在胰岛素信号转导途径中起着负调控的作用。结论：脂肪组织中脂肪生成下降、脂肪酸氧化增加可能是肥胖及2型糖尿病中胰岛素抵抗发生的共同原因,其它基因功能的改变也可能参与了肥胖及2型糖尿病的发生,而胰岛素信号转导受阻可能是肥胖向糖尿病转化的促进因素。对这些基因的进一步研究将有助于更好地了解肥胖及糖尿病的发生机制。     

Association between Functional Capacity Decline and Nutritional Status Based on the Nutrition Screening Initiative Checklist: A 2-Year Cohort Study of Japanese Community-Dwelling Elderly

AimTo assess whether nutritional status based on the Nutrition Screening Initiative Checklist is useful for predicting functional capacity decline in community-dwelling Japanese elderly.MethodsThis two-year observational cohort study included 536 community-dwelling Japanese (65 years and older at baseline) who were independent in both activities and instrumental activities of daily living. Demographic attributes, chronic illness, lifestyle-related habits, nutritional status, functional capacity, and anthropometric measurements were assessed, with decline in functional capacity used as the outcome measure.ResultsSubjects were classified into three groups as follows based on the Nutrition Screening Initiative Checklist: low (59.5%), moderate (23.7%), and high (16.8%) nutritional risk. Significant differences were found between nutritional status and the following four baseline variables: age, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, and current smoking. However, no significant differences were evident between nutritional status and sex, body mass index, diabetes, drinking habit, or exercise habit. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases and smoking habit showed that the high nutritional risk group was significantly associated with a decline in both activities of daily living (odds ratio: 4.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59–15.50) and instrumental activities of daily living (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.31–5.06) compared with the low nutritional risk group.ConclusionsPoor nutritional status based on the Nutrition Screening Initiative Checklist was associated with a decline in functional capacity over a 2-year period in community-dwelling Japanese elderly. These results suggest that the Nutrition Screening Initiative Checklist is a suitable tool for predicting functional capacity decline in community-dwelling elderly.     

单中心研究2型糖尿病合并高血压的相关危险因素

目的：探讨2型糖尿病合并高血压的相关危险因素。方法：186例2型糖尿病患者分为并发高血压组（A组136例）患者和正常血压组（B组50例）,对其进行问卷及体格检查,分别观察患者性别、年龄、病程、体重指数、腰围、腰臀围比（ⅦR）、高血压家族史、糖尿病家族史并加以分析。结果：A组患鼻上73．1％;两组间性别、年龄、病程差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）,A组患者体重指数（BMI）、腰臀围比（WHR）、腰围、高血压家族史比例显著高于B组患者（P〈0．05-〈0．01）,B组糖尿病家族史比例显著高于A组（p〈0．05）。结论：高的BMI、腰围、腰臀围比（WHR）以及高血压家族史增加2型糖尿病合并高血压发生的危险。     

健身气功八段锦对肥胖中年女性糖尿病患者相关指标的影响

目的：了解健身气功八段锦对肥胖中年女性糖尿病患者相关指标的影响,为糖尿病的干预治疗方案提供新的思路。方法：以40名中年女性肥胖糖尿病患者作为研究对象,年龄57.2±5.4岁,随机分为对照组和练功组（n=20）;练功组进行新编健身八段锦功法24周干预,每周锻炼6 d,每天90 min的练功;对照组不进行任何运动。观察2组患者试验前后体重、腰围、臀围、体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、甘油三脂（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和人血清视黄醛结合蛋白4（RBP4）等指标的水平变化。结果：练功组试验后其腰围、WHR、FPG、TG、HbAlc和血清RBP4水平与试验前及对照组试验后相比均明显下降（P<0.05）;练功组试验后HDL-C水平与试验前及对照组试验后相比与明显升高（P<0.05）。结论：长期的健身气功八段锦练习可降低肥胖女性糖尿病患者的血糖,对身体的部分肥胖和血脂指标有一定的改善效果。     

The prevalence, type and severity of cardiovascular disease in diabetic and non-diabetic patients: a matched-paired retrospective analysis using coronary angiography as the diagnostic tool

People with diabetes mellitus have a 2-8-fold excess in cardiovascular mortality than people without diabetes. This study compared angiographically determined cardiovascular disease in 79 patients with diabetes mellitus and an equal number of matched controls without diabetes under the age of 55 years. Seventy-nine diabetic patients coming to coronary angiography during a 12-month period were reviewed retrospectively along with 79 control patients matched for age (+/- 3 years), sex, ethnic origin and risk factors (hyperlipidemia, body mass index and smoking history). The angiographic features of a consecutive series of 62 European and 17 Asian patients and their matched-paired controls were assessed. In all study subjects had undergone elective coronary angiography and ventriculography. Angiographic findings were graded to describe severity and extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Left ventricular systolic function was assessed by ejection fraction. The diabetic group had a significantly higher arterial systolic pressure than the non-diabetic group (p < 0.008) and they were clinically obese with a body mass index of >30. Detailed analysis of the angiograms showed that prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients was greater. The mean 'severity score' was 11.66 for the diabetic group against 8.49 for the non-diabetic group (p < 0.037). Multivessel disease was more common in diabetic patients than in the controls, with three-vessel disease being the most common. Furthermore, 38 of 79 diabetic patients had three-vessel disease compared to 29 of 79 controls. Diabetic patients were also more likely to have more segments diseased in one vessel. Systolic function was reduced in the diabetic group, with a significantly lower (p < 0.05) mean ejection fraction. The present study supports the evidence that diabetic patients have more extensive coronary artery disease than non-diabetic patients and a poorer prognosis, and that the coronary arteries of the Asian patients were affected more adversely than those of the European group irrespective of the diabetic state.     

Nutritional Status of Maintenance Dialysis Patients: Low Lean Body Mass Index and Obesity Are Common,Protein-Energy Wasting Is Uncommon

Background and Aims

Maintenance dialysis patients are at increased risk of abnormal nutritional status due to numerous causative factors, both nutritional and non-nutritional. The present study assessed the current prevalence of protein-energy wasting, low lean body mass index and obesity in maintenance dialysis patients, and compared different methods of nutritional assessment.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014 at Roskilde Hospital, Denmark, we performed anthropometry (body weight, skinfolds, mid-arm, waist, and hip circumferences), and determined plasma albumin and normalized protein catabolic rate in order to assess the prevalence of protein-energy wasting, low lean body mass index and obesity in these patients.

Results

Seventy-nine eligible maintenance dialysis patients participated. The prevalence of protein-energy wasted patients was 4% (95% CI: 2–12) as assessed by the coexistence of low lean body mass index and low fat mass index. Low lean body mass index was seen in 32% (95% CI: 22–44). Obesity prevalence as assessed from fat mass index was 43% (95% CI: 32–55). Coexistence of low lean body mass index and obesity was seen in 10% (95% CI: 5–19). The prevalence of protein-energy wasting and obesity varied considerably, depending on nutritional assessment methodology.

Conclusions

Our data indicate that protein-energy wasting is uncommon, whereas low lean body mass index and obesity are frequent conditions among patients in maintenance dialysis. A focus on how to increase and preserve lean body mass in dialysis patients is suggested in the future. In order to clearly distinguish between shortage, sufficiency and abundance of protein and/or fat deposits in maintenance dialysis patients, we suggest the simple measurements of lean body mass index and fat mass index.     

Diabetes in tropical Africa: a prospective study, 1981-7. I. Characteristics of newly presenting patients in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania, 1981-7.

OBJECTIVE--To study the clinical characteristics of newly diagnosed diabetic patients in tropical Africa. DESIGN--Prospective study of all newly diagnosed diabetic patients registered at a major urban hospital between 1 June 1981 and 31 May 1987. SETTING--Muhimbili Medical Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. PATIENTS--1250 Patients: 874 men, 376 women. RESULTS--272 (21.8%) Patients had diabetes requiring insulin, 825 (66.0%) had diabetes not requiring insulin, and 153 (12.2%) had diabetes of uncertain type. Most patients (1103, 88.2%) presented with the classic symptoms of diabetes. The peak time of presentation of diabetic patients requiring insulin was at age 15 to 19 years. Male manual workers and peasant farmers with diabetes not requiring insulin presented at a significantly older age and had a lower body mass index than sedentary office workers. Forty six (18.1%) of the patients requiring insulin diabetes and 111 (14.4%) not requiring insulin had first degree relative with diabetes. Twenty seven per cent of patients were underweight (body mass index less than 20 kg/m2) and 14.6% were obese (body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2). Hypertension was diagnosed in 211 (26.7%) of 791 patients not requiring insulin. Nine (3.3%) of those requiring insulin may have had the protein deficient type of diabetes related to malnutrition. The fibrocalculous variety of diabetes related to malnutrition was not observed. CONCLUSIONS--Newly presenting diabetic patients in Tanzania with diabetes requiring insulin are older at presentation than those in Britain; most diabetic patients present with diabetes not requiring insulin and a smaller proportion of Tanzanian patients are obese. Most have a lower socioeconomic state than diabetic patients in Britain. There are often delays in diagnosis in Tanzania, and there is a higher incidence of death shortly after presentation.     

基于控制营养状况评分的2型糖尿病住院患者营养状况评价及其危险因素的多因素Logistic回归分析

摘要 目的：应用控制营养状况（CONUT）评分评价2型糖尿病（T2DM）住院患者营养状况并通过多因素Logistic回归分析营养不良的危险因素。方法：选取2021年1月～2022年1月在我院住院的454例T2DM患者,根据CONUT评分分为营养不良组68例和营养正常组386例。收集患者基线资料,采用多因素Logistic回归分析T2DM住院患者营养不良的危险因素。结果：454例T2DM住院患者营养不良发生率为14.98％（68/454）。单因素分析显示,两组患者糖化血红蛋白A1c（HbA1c）、年龄、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、体质指数（BMI）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、病程、淋巴细胞计数、吸烟、血红蛋白、白蛋白、餐后2 h血糖比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,白蛋白降低、年龄≥60岁、血红蛋白降低、BMI降低、HDL-C降低、病程延长、吸烟、CRP升高为T2DM住院患者营养不良的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：T2DM住院患者营养不良发生率较高,年龄、BMI、病程、吸烟、白蛋白、血红蛋白、HDL-C、CRP为T2DM住院患者营养不良的独立影响因素,CONUT评分能快速筛查T2DM住院患者营养状况,有助于指导临床及时采取干预措施。     

Weight-Based Insulin During and After Intravenous Insulin Infusion Reduces Rates of Rebound Hyperglycemia When Transitioning to Subcutaneous Insulin in the Medical Intensive Care Unit

ObjectiveHyperglycemia often occurs after the transition from intravenous insulin infusion (IVII) to subcutaneous insulin. Weight-based basal insulin initiated earlier in the course of IVII in the medical intensive care unit (MICU), and a weight-based basal-bolus regimen after IVII, can potentially improve post-IVII glycemic control by 48 hours.MethodsThis prospective study included 69 patients in MICU who were on IVII for ≥24 hours. Exclusions were end-stage renal disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and the active use of vasopressors. The intervention group received weight-based basal insulin (0.2-0.25 units/kg) with IVII and weight-based bolus insulin after IVII. The control group received current care. The primary end points were glucose levels at specific time intervals up to 48 hours after IVII.ResultsThere were 25 patients in the intervention group and 44 in the control group. The mean age of the patients was 59 ± 15 years, 32 (47%) were men, and 52 (78%) had prior diabetes mellitus. The 2 groups were not different (acute kidney injury/chronic kidney disease, pre-existing diabetes mellitus, illness severity, or nothing by mouth status after IVII), except for the steroid use, which was higher in the control group than in the intervention group (34% vs 12%, respectively). Glucose levels were not lower until 36 to 48 hours after IVII (166.8 ± 39.1 mg/dL vs 220.0 ± 82.9 mg/dL, P < .001). When controlling for body mass index, nutritional status, hemoglobin A1C, and steroid use, glucose level was lower starting at 12 to 24 hours out (166.87 mg/dL vs 207.50 mg/dL, P = .015). The frequency of hypoglycemia was similar between the 2 groups (5.0% vs 7.1%). The study did not reach target enrollment.ConclusionThe addition of weight-based basal insulin during, and basal-bolus insulin immediately after, IVII in MICU results in better glycemic control at 24 hours after IVII with no increased hypoglycemia.     

营养干预对肝硬化代偿期合并糖尿病患者肠道菌群的影响

探讨营养干预对肝硬化代偿期合并糖尿病患者肠道微生物的影响。

收集2022年9月—2023年9月本院收治的80名肝硬化代偿期合并糖尿病患者,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组使用常规降糖药物治疗,观察组在对照组基础上,进行营养干预,根据1.5 g/kg的体重剂量摄入乳清蛋白质粉,接受常规饮食咨询和营养建议。每4周收集空腹血清样本,在干预前和营养干预后12周收集粪便样本,使用全自动生化分析仪、ELISA法检测血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-c）胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）胆固醇水平等临床参数。使用Illumina Nova Seq平台对粪便基因组DNA测序。

对照组患者12周后临床各项指标与基线比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。观察组患者营养干预后空腹血糖（t=2.862,P=0.005）、空腹胰岛素（t=5.926,P＜0.001）、HOMA-IR（t=2.680,P=0.009）、hs-CRP（t=3.386,P=0.001）、蛋白质氧化率（t=7.762,P=0.001）均显著降低,呼吸商显著增加（t=2.958,P=0.004）。营养干预后6个菌种的相对丰度发生了显著变化,分别属于厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门。属于拟杆菌属和梭菌目的菌种在营养干预后产生了显著的菌株基因组变化。基于HOMA-IR的相对改善,将观察组患者分为响应者（R）亚组和非响应者（NR）亚组。两个亚组之间肠道微生物群的动态变化差异有统计学意义（P=0.008）。

肠道微生物群在营养干预对肝硬化代偿期合并糖尿病患者胰岛素敏感性影响中发挥重要作用,可能有助于临床实施个体化生活方式干预。

     

单中心研究2型糖尿病合并高血压的相关危险因素

目的:探讨2型糖尿病合并高血压的相关危险因素。方法:186例2型糖尿病患者分为并发高血压组(A组136例)患者和正常血压组(B组50例),对其进行问卷及体格检查,分别观察患者性别、年龄、病程、体重指数、腰围、腰臀围比(WHR)、高血压家族史、糖尿病家族史并加以分析。结果:A组患者占73.1%;两组间性别、年龄、病程差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组患者体重指数(BMI)、腰臀围比(WHR)、腰围、高血压家族史比例显著高于B组患者(P<0.05～<0.01),B组糖尿病家族史比例显著高于A组(P<0.05)。结论:高的BMI、腰围、腰臀围比(WHR)以及高血压家族史增加2型糖尿病合并高血压发生的危险。