共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
探讨森林植物群落物种多样性、功能性状与化学计量特征及其内在关联,有助于构建结构-性状-功能的研究脉络,深入理解生态系统的过程与功能,为群落结构优化配置和调控提供科学依据。以贵州喀斯特高原峡谷区森林草灌、灌木、灌乔和乔木4个演替阶段的植物群落为对象,通过群落学调查和植物功能性状、生态化学计量测度,研究其物种多样性、功能性状和化学计量特征及其互作关系。结果表明:(1)乔木阶段的Shannon-Wiener指数与Pielou均匀度指数均为最高,依次达8.62、2.41,表明伴随着群落演替,物种分布的均匀程度增加。(2)植物群落物种多样性指数之间仅Margalef丰富度指数与Simpson优势度指数未呈显著相关(-0.644),其余均为显著或极显著相关关系,表明物种多样性指数之间存在较强的促进或抑制作用。(3)叶片厚度与其余指标,以及群落物种多样性指数与功能性状、化学计量之间均未呈显著相关,比叶面积(SLA)仅与土壤N∶P呈显著正相关(0.742),表明群落物种多样性、功能性状和生态化学计量特征之间的相关性较弱。(4)SLA为灌木阶段的272.13 cm2/g为最大,δ13C值在演替后期略高,草灌、灌木阶段倾向于受N、P共同限制,说明随演替进展,植物的适应策略和资源利用对策等均发生了一定的调整,表明植物和环境之间存在较强的协变关系。(5)该区森林培育时,应构建完整的乔木、灌木和草本层片,提高生态系统对养分矿化、转化和循环等的自调控能力。 相似文献
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为了理解午潮山次生林群落结构和演替特征,分析了不同演替阶段功能群物种的生态位和种间关系。对研究区70个20×20 m森林样地内胸径≥1 cm的木本植物进行分析调查,并按照11个功能性状（叶片氮含量、叶片磷含量、叶片钾含量、比叶面积、木材密度、叶片干物质含量、叶片叶绿素含量、生长型、寿命、喜光性和最大潜在树高）将主要的45个物种划分为4个功能群：早期先锋树种（PFG1）、中期中性树种（PFG2）、中后期树种（PFG3）和后期耐阴树种（PFG4）。结果表明种间正负联结比接近1,但显著正联结多于显著负联结,群落整体稳定,而演替中后期功能群（PFG2、PGF3和PFG4）的种间生态位重叠和种间联结强度较高,种间竞争激烈。午潮山森林群落正向演替后期发展,可伐除部分与演替中后期树种相互竞争的早期树种加速演替,并且补植有价值的喜阳先锋种减少开放地,为修复森林生态系统和加速群落演替提供策略。 相似文献
3.
Andrew Whitworth Chris Beirne Eleanor Flatt Graden Froese Chase Nuñez Adrian Forsyth 《Insect Conservation and Diversity》2021,14(4):439-454
- Dung beetles are frequently used to assess tropical biodiversity patterns and recovery in human-modified forests. We conducted a comprehensive dung beetle survey (coprophagous and necrophagous communities) within five habitat types, across a land-use gradient, in the ecologically biodiverse Osa Peninsula, located in Costa Rica's south Pacific.
- In addition to assessing species richness, abundance, and biomass, we also assessed community level traits and species-specific responses using a generalised joint attribute modelling approach.
- We found that under favourable conditions (40–50 years of regeneration, close proximity to contiguous old-growth forest and control of poaching), secondary rainforest recovered similar levels of species richness, and key traits of old-growth forest dung beetle communities. However, at the community-level, dung beetle abundance, richness, biomass, and diversity varied between habitat types of different anthropogenic disturbance and land-use.
- Generally, the carrion beetle community did not recover as well as the dung beetle community and the abundance of dung beetles was a third lower in naturally regenerating secondary forest compared with old growth. Regenerating secondary growth and plantation forests showed community compositions similar to old growth forests, while open and fragmented habitats had degraded and impoverished levels of dung beetle biodiversity.
- Overall, the levels of dung-beetle biodiversity detected are encouraging for naturally regenerating secondary forest, suggesting a high potential value of these areas to buffer the pressure of deforestation and habitat alteration on remaining old-growth tropical forests.
4.
植物如何改变功能性状来适应环境一直是生态学的研究征点。为探究茂兰喀斯特森林不同演替阶段植物叶片的适应策略,该文以茂兰自然保护区5个不同演替阶段(草本、灌木、灌乔、乔木和顶极群落阶段)优势种为研究对象,测定不同演替阶段的优势植物叶片功能性状与土壤理化性质。结果表明：(1)随着植被正向演替的进行,土壤全氮(STN)含量、土壤有机质(SOM)含量、土壤含水量(SWC)逐渐增加,土壤全磷(STP)含量和土壤全钾(STK)含量先增加后减少,土壤pH值整体呈减小的趋势。(2)随着植被演替的进行,叶面积(LA)、叶干物质含量(LDMC)、叶厚度(LT)和叶片碳含量(LCC)逐渐上升,比叶面积(SLA)与叶片钾含量(LKC)则与之相反,叶片氮含量(LNC)呈先升后降的趋势,叶片磷含量(LPC)呈先降后升的趋势。(3)冗余分析表明,演替初期植物主要分布在土壤pH值高而STK、STP、SWC、SOM、STN相对低的环境中,群落内植物叶片采取高SLA、LNC、LPC,低LA、LDMC、LT、LWC的性状组合,演替晚期植物主要分布在土壤水分和养分含量较高的环境,LDMC、LT、LA、LWC与演替初期相比呈上升... 相似文献
5.
Timothy J. S. Whitfeld Jesse R. Lasky Kipiro Damas Gibson Sosanika Kenneth Molem Rebecca A. Montgomery 《Biotropica》2014,46(5):538-548
Much of the world's tropical forests have been affected by anthropogenic disturbance. These forests are important biodiversity reservoirs whose diversity, structure and function must be characterized across the successional sequence. We examined changes in structure and diversity along a successional gradient in the lowlands of New Guinea. To do this, we measured and identified all stems ≥5 cm diameter in 19 0.25 ha plots ranging in age from 3 to >50 yr since disturbance. We also measured plant functional traits related to establishment, performance, and competitive ability. In addition, we examined change in forest structure, composition, species diversity, and functional diversity through succession. By using rarefaction to estimate functional diversity, we compared changes in functional diversity while controlling for associated differences in stem and species density. Basal area and species density increased with stand age while stem density was highest in intermediate secondary forests. Species composition differed strongly between mature and secondary forests. As forests increased in basal area, community‐weighted mean wood density and foliar carbon increased, whereas specific leaf area and proportion of stems with exudate decreased. Foliar nitrogen peaked in medium‐aged forests. Functional diversity was highest in mature forests, even after accounting for differences in stem and species diversity. Our study represents one of the first attempts to document successional changes in New Guinea's lowland forest. We found robust evidence that as succession proceeds, communities occupy a greater range of functional trait space even after controlling for stem and species density. High functional diversity is important for ecological resiliency in the face of global change. 相似文献
6.
Alesandro S. Santos Eliana Cazetta Pavel Dodonov Deborah Faria Fernanda A. Gaiotto 《Ecology and evolution》2016,6(18):6586-6598
Habitat loss represents one of the main threats to tropical forests, which have reached extremely high rates of species extinction. Forest loss negatively impacts biodiversity, affecting ecological (e.g., seed dispersal) and genetic (e.g., genetic diversity and structure) processes. Therefore, understanding how deforestation influences genetic resources is strategic for conservation. Our aim was to empirically evaluate the effects of landscape‐scale forest reduction on the spatial genetic structure and gene flow of Euterpe edulis Mart (Arecaceae), a palm tree considered a keystone resource for many vertebrate species. This study was carried out in nine forest remnants in the Atlantic Forest, northeastern Brazil, located in landscapes within a gradient of forest cover (19–83%). We collected leaves of 246 adults and 271 seedlings and performed genotyping using microsatellite markers. Our results showed that the palm populations had low spatial genetic structure, indicating that forest reduction did not influence this genetic parameter for neither seedlings nor adults. However, forest loss decreased the gene flow distance, which may negatively affect the genetic diversity of future generations by increasing the risk of local extinction of this keystone palm. For efficient strategies of genetic variability conservation and maintenance of gene flow in E. edulis, we recommend the maintenance of landscapes with intermediary to high levels of forest cover, that is, forest cover above 40%. 相似文献
7.
Dylan Craven Jefferson S. Hall Graeme P. Berlyn Mark S. Ashton Michiel van Breugel 《植被学杂志》2018,29(3):511-520
8.
退化次生林恢复过程中群落结构和生态位动态 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在海南白沙县南开乡按人为干扰程度的不同依次选取次生演替中植被恢复初期、早期、近中期和后期4个典型群落,分别对群落结构、树种组成、重要值和生态位宽度等指标进行研究。结果表明:中前期次生演替过程中优势种作用明显,具有最大的生态位宽度;随着次生演替的进行,种群生态位宽度趋于均衡,群落表现出物种丰富度和多样性增加、林分结构复杂化、树种的优势作用弱化等正向演替的趋势;此外,该地区由于经营史的特殊性,中前期次生群落保留了很多原始林的痕迹,出现了一些本应在原始林内出现的生态稳定种,这些物种在中前期次生群落中数量少,生态位宽度小,却表现出强大的生活力;在演替中前期次生林的经营中,最大程度地发挥优势树种的作用、增加林内生态稳定种的数量是该地区次生林恢复经营的重要技术方向。 相似文献
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10.
《Journal of Plant Ecology》2025,18(1)
Precipitation significantly influences the composition and structure of grassland ecosystems, particularly in arid desert steppes. Stipa breviflora, as a keystone species, plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the desert steppe. However, the response of S. breviflora’s succession strategy to changes in precipitation within the community remains uncertain. Since 2016, this research was conducted in a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China, involving control precipitation (PCK), and increases of 50% (P50) and 100% (P100) in natural precipitation. We measured biomass, height and canopy cover, calculated the importance value (IV) by species, and assessed the photosynthetic parameters and leaf elemental content of S. breviflora in 2021 and 2022. Results showed that the increase of precipitation significantly reduced the IV of S. breviflora. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, aboveground biomass carbon content and aboveground biomass nitrogen of S. breviflora leaves grew considerably in experimental plots receiving more precipitation, while δ13C value of leaves decreased significantly. Linear regression analysis and structural equation model showed that although the increase of precipitation improved the adaptability of S. breviflora functional traits and increased its IV, a higher transpiration rate significantly contributed to the decrease in its IV. Consequently, our research reveals the succession strategy of S. breviflora and provides a theoretical basis for studying the response mechanisms of desert steppe plant communities to climate change. 相似文献
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12.
《Journal of Plant Ecology》2025,18(1)
Precipitation significantly influences the composition and structure of grassland ecosystems, particularly in arid desert steppes. Stipa breviflora, as a keystone species, plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of the desert steppe. However, the response of S. breviflora’s succession strategy to changes in precipitation within the community remains uncertain. Since 2016, this research was conducted in a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China, involving control precipitation (PCK), and increases of 50% (P50) and 100% (P100) in natural precipitation. We measured biomass, height and canopy cover, calculated the importance value (IV) by species, and assessed the photosynthetic parameters and leaf elemental content of S. breviflora in 2021 and 2022. Results showed that the increase of precipitation significantly reduced the IV of S. breviflora. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, aboveground biomass carbon content and aboveground biomass nitrogen of S. breviflora leaves grew considerably in experimental plots receiving more precipitation, while δ13C value of leaves decreased significantly. Linear regression analysis and structural equation model showed that although the increase of precipitation improved the adaptability of S. breviflora functional traits and increased its IV, a higher transpiration rate significantly contributed to the decrease in its IV. Consequently, our research reveals the succession strategy of S. breviflora and provides a theoretical basis for studying the response mechanisms of desert steppe plant communities to climate change. 相似文献
13.
《生物多样性》2025,33(2)
在当前全球生物多样性面临严峻挑战的背景下, 深入探讨人为和自然干扰对森林群落物种多样性的影响显得尤为重要。本研究以中亚热带森林群落为研究对象, 选取钱江源-百山祖国家公园候选区钱江源园区内常绿阔叶老龄林、一次干扰次生林、两次干扰次生林和杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林4种典型森林类型, 依托12个1 ha森林动态监测样地长期积累的数据, 采用物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数, 系统分析了不同干扰程度下物种多样性的演替轨迹及演替速率的变化, 旨在为生物多样性保护和生态修复提供科学依据。研究结果表明, 常绿阔叶老龄林、一次干扰次生林和杉木人工林的物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数随演替进展而增加, 而两次干扰次生林则呈现下降趋势。在常绿阔叶老龄林和一次干扰次生林中, Pielou均匀度指数随演替进展呈现先增后减的变化趋势; 而在两次干扰次生林和杉木人工林中, Pielou均匀度指数则呈现逐渐增加之势。特别地, 当不考虑杉木时, 杉木人工林的Pielou均匀度指数随演替进展而下降。各物种多样性指数的演替速率总体上随时间呈下降趋势, 但物种丰富度和Pielou均匀度指数的演替速率多数情况下差异不显著。受冰雪灾害影响后, 常绿阔叶老龄林的演替轨迹偏离了其稳定状态, 其恢复初期物种丰富度的演替速率显著高于其他森林, 并随时间显著下降, 而Pielou均匀度指数演替速率较低, 随时间无显著变化。杉木人工林Pielou均匀度指数的演替速率显著高于其他森林, 且随时间显著降低, 而其物种丰富度的演替速率低, 与一次干扰次生林和两次干扰次生林无显著差异。综上所述, 本研究揭示了不同干扰对中亚热带森林物种多样性演替轨迹和速率的显著、差异性影响。建议在制定修复措施和评估修复成效时, 充分考虑森林的干扰历史和演替阶段, 以实现更有效的生物多样性保护和修复。 相似文献
14.
The selection of ecological indicators is an important step toward more effective restoration monitoring. The debate between Reid (2015) and Durigan and Suganuma (2015) regarding the usefulness of species composition for monitoring restoration trajectory is timely and salient, but it lacks a middle way proposal to balance ecological relevance and practical viability. We propose a way forward to resolving this debate, namely using easily measurable functional traits, a type of compositional measure, as an indicator. Assessing functional composition trajectory may help overcome some limitations with taxonomic identification and provide more meaningful outcomes to evaluate restoration success. 相似文献
15.
We show that ecosystem-specific aboveground net primary productivity (SANPP, g g−1 day−1 , productivity on a per gram basis) can be predicted from species-level measures of potential relative growth rate (RGRmax ), but only if RGRmax is weighted according to the species' relative abundance. This is in agreement with Grime's mass-ratio hypothesis. Productivity was measured in 12 sites in a French Mediterranean post-agricultural succession, while RGRmax was measured on 26 of the most abundant species from this successional sere, grown hydroponically. RGRmax was only weakly correlated ( r 2 = 0.12, P < 0.05) with field age when species abundance was not considered, but the two variables were strongly correlated ( r 2 = 0.81, P < 0.001) when the relative abundance of species in each field was taken into account. SANPP also decreased significantly with field age. This resulted in a tight relationship ( r 2 = 0.77, P < 0.001) between productivity and RGRmax weighted according to species relative biomass contribution. Our study shows that scaling-up from the potential properties of individual species is possible, and that information on potential and realized species traits can be integrated to predict ecosystem functioning. 相似文献
16.
历史性文化景观要素塑造了如今的景观“面孔”。在当前的规划框架下,对其保护和评价工作,也只可能在对其概念足够理解的情况下,借助于数字化手段得以实现。在此背景下,自1999年起,在德国开始建立一个基于志愿行为的文化景观要素收集系统——“KLEKs”。其目的：尽可能详细和全覆盖地收集基于GIS数据的历史性文化景观要素。目前,这样的系统正在被德国的几个州使用,特别是借助于乡村研究方面的专家和志愿者参与,并在德国几所大学的教学和研究工作的支持下得以推进。通过KLEKs系统的时间顺序发展、收集方法、数据库建立,以及用于规划应用的多角度,概述了KLEKs系统的发展。 相似文献
17.
海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林林冠层树种功能多样性特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林3块1 hm2样地为研究对象,利用11个林冠功能性状结合样地地形及林冠乔木树种样地清查数据,分别基于单维性状和多维性状比较物种多度加权对群落功能离散度指数——平均成对距离(MPD)和平均最近类群距离(MNTD)的影响;同时分析林冠层功能丰富度(FRic)与物种丰富度之间的关系,最后利用零模型探讨不同生境类型下标准化效应MPD和MNTD(经过物种多度加权且剔除群落物种丰富度差异影响)的变化,进而评价林冠层群落水平功能多样性格局及其对局域生境异质性的响应.结果表明: 功能性状维度和物种多度对MPD的影响强烈,不同维度功能性状多度加权前后MPD相关性较弱(R=0.359～0.628);但对MNTD的影响相对较弱,不同维度功能性状多度加权前后MNTD相关性较强(R=0.746～0.820);未经物种多度加权的MPD和MNTD均普遍高估了林冠层的功能离散度.林冠层功能丰富度与物种丰富度基本呈指数相关关系(F=128.20;R2=0.632;AIC=97.72;P＜0.001),且功能丰富度很有可能存在一定的物种丰富度阈值.基于不同维度功能性状的林冠层功能多样性格局及其生境响应存在一定的差异性.在生物竞争激烈的低沟生境中,林冠层功能多样性倾向于比预期零模型随机产生的功能多样性高,林冠树种功能性状表现出离散分布;而在其他生境类型中,林冠层功能多样性倾向于接近或低于随机产生的功能多样性,林冠树种功能性状随机或聚集分布. 相似文献
18.
Alexander Borisovich Novakovskiy;Andrey Nikolaevich Panyukov;Basil Nikolaevich Yakimov; 《植被学杂志》2024,35(3):e13276
Tundra communities are known for their harsh environmental conditions and tundra is one of the most vulnerable biomes on Earth. Restoring these unique communities after anthropogenic impact is crucial for the sustainable development of northern regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the recovery of subarctic tundra after long-term agricultural use. 相似文献
19.
We evaluated leaf characteristics and herbivory intensities for saplings of fifteen tropical tree species differing in their successional position. Eight leaf traits were selected, related to the costs of leaf display (specific leaf area [SLA], water content), photosynthesis (N and P concentration per unit mass), and herbivory defence (lignin concentration, C:N ratio). We hypothesised that species traits are shaped by variation in abiotic and biotic (herbivory) selection pressures along the successional gradient. All leaf traits varied with the successional position of the species. The SLA, water content and nutrient concentration decreased, and lignin concentration increased with the successional position. Herbivory damage (defined as the percentage of damage found at one moment in time) varied from 0.9-8.5% among the species, but was not related to their successional position. Herbivory damage appeared to be a poor estimator of the herbivory rate experienced by species, due to the confounding effect of leaf lifespan. Herbivory rate (defined as percentage leaf area removal per unit time) declined with the successional position of the species. Herbivory rate was only positively correlated to water content, and negatively correlated to lignin concentration, suggesting that herbivores select leaves based upon their digestibility rather than upon their nutritive value. Surprisingly, most species traits change linearly with succession, while resource availability (light, nutrients) declines exponentially with succession. 相似文献
20.
沙地生态系统修复是恢复生态学研究的热点问题,适生植物筛选是修复的关键。植物功能性状反映了植物在不同环境中的生存策略,探究沙地植物功能性状及其与环境之间的关系,有助于筛选用于植被恢复的物种,为保护沙地生态系统提供理论依据。以毛乌素沙地为研究区,分析了1983-2015年间沙地典型飞播样地群落演替特征及其对环境因子的响应,建立基于10个植物功能性状的毛乌素沙地潜在种库,进一步筛选飞播恢复下沙地不同演替阶段的适生植物。研究表明:(1)飞播恢复下的毛乌素沙地植物群落分为三个演替阶段:固沙先锋物种群落、沙生植物为主的杂类草群落、中生植物为主的杂类草群落。(2)土壤因子是群落演替的主要驱动力,其中土壤全氮、土壤总有机碳、土壤硝态氮是影响群落演替的关键因素。(3)基于功能性状筛选出29种适生物种用于植被恢复,演替第一阶段可用雾冰藜、猪毛菜等,演替第二阶段可用拂子茅、无芒隐子草等,演替第三阶段可用草地风毛菊、猪毛蒿等。通过物种功能性状特征可以快速选择适合沙地退化生态系统修复的候选物种,为植被恢复提供了一定的理论支持。 相似文献