发酵透明质酸寡糖兽疫链球菌工程菌株的构建

透明质酸(HA)广泛应用于医学、化妆品、食品等领域。HA的生物活性取决于其分子量(M_w)。透明质酸寡糖由于具有重要的生理活性与特殊生理功能,在医药领域具有重要的应用前景。兽疫链球菌因其发酵周期短、生产强度较强的特点,在商业生产HA上具有广泛的应用。为了高效发酵合成透明质酸寡糖和解决发酵过程的溶氧问题,文中通过在兽疫链球菌WSH-24中过表达透明质酸合酶HasA以及优化表达水蛭来源的透明质酸酶LHAase。重组菌株摇瓶发酵24h,透明质酸寡糖积累至0.97g/L,比野生菌提高了182.0%。在3L发酵罐中发酵24 h,透明质酸寡糖生产强度为294.2 mg/(L·h),HA积累至7.06 g/L,比野生菌的罐上水平提高了112.4%。文中所构建的发酵合成透明质酸寡糖的兽疫链球菌重组菌株具有重要的应用前景。     

营养条件对兽疫链球菌发酵生产透明质酸的影响

透明质酸 (Ｈｙａｌｕｒｏｎｉｃａｃｉｄ ,简称ＨＡ)是Ｎ 乙酰氨基葡萄糖胺和葡萄糖醛酸以 β 1 3糖苷键和 β 1 4糖苷键连接而成的二糖单体重复构建而成的杂多糖 ,广泛存在于高等动物的结缔组织内。由于结构上的特点 ,ＨＡ具有很高的粘弹性和极强的保水性等特征 ,已被大量用于医学医药、化妆品工业[1,2 ] 。1937年Ｋｅｎｄａｌｌ[3 ] 等发现用溶血性链球菌 (Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｈａｅｍｏｌｙｔｉｃｕｓ)可以产生ＨＡ。其后 ,陆续发现许多能产生ＨＡ的微生物菌种 ,逐渐开发出一条可替代传统的动物组织提取法[4 ] 生产ＨＡ的新途径…     

在兽疫链球菌中表达vgb基因和HA合成基因提高透明质酸产量

透明质酸(HA)是一种在医药及化妆品领域具有广泛应用的天然粘多糖。兽疫链球菌(Streptococcuszooepidemicus)是工业上生产透明质酸的菌种之一。透明颤菌血红蛋白(VHb)具有增强细胞摄氧的作用。对生产透明质酸的兽疫链球菌进行了基因改造:将兽疫链球菌HA的合成基因hasABC以及合成透明颤菌血红蛋白的vgb基因(Vitreoscillahemoglobingene,vgb)分别或同时插入阳性菌表达质粒pEU308中,通过电转化导入兽疫链球菌中。通过一氧化碳(CO)差光谱检测到了VHb的表达。在摇瓶实验中,同时带有hasABC和vgb基因的重组菌比野生菌的透明质酸产量提高了30％。而在发酵罐中,带有这2个基因的重组菌的透明质酸产量达到了6．9g／L,高于重组菌5．5g／L的产量。实验结果表明,vgb基因的存在促进了细胞的生长,hasABC操纵子的过表达增强了透明质酸的合成。首次将VHb导入兽疫链球菌中,获得了表达,并证明其对菌体生长及透明质酸合成有促进作用。通过研究,VHb将可以在阳性菌中获得更广泛的应用。     

兽疫链球菌中与透明质酸合成相关新基因的高通量筛选及克隆

【目的】兽疫链球菌(Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus)中透明质酸主要的生物合成途径和相关基因已经被研究得比较透彻,探究一种挖掘与透明质酸合成相关新基因的策略。【方法】利用自杀质粒pSET4s::sacB在宿主基因组中的随机整合作用,筛选具有表型差异突变菌株构建突变体库,进一步利用连接介导PCR (Ligation mediated PCR,LM-PCR)方法和全基因组重测序,检测质粒整合位点,通过基因无痕敲除和回补实验验证插入位点。【结果】构建了包含150株具有表型差异突变株的突变体库;以荚膜合成能力缺失的1号突变株(M1)作为基础研究对象,检测到自杀质粒整合到基因组458 960位点上,破坏了编码塔格糖-6-磷酸激酶的lacC基因;无痕敲除lacC基因得到ΔlacC,表型分析发现ΔlacC表现为粘性荚膜特性;进一步全基因组重测序发现,除了lacC基因位点存在插入突变,206 613位点存在碱基G缺失,导致编码透明质酸合成酶的hasA基因发生移码突变,且回补hasA基因后,M1恢复粘性荚膜合成能力。【结论】M1突变株粘性荚膜合成能力的缺失由hasA基因功能缺失引起,与lacC基因功能缺失无关。初步建立了兽疫链球菌中高通量筛选与透明质酸合成相关新基因的策略,为今后挖掘新基因奠定了基础。     

兽疫链球菌透明质酸分解酶基因的敲除

以透明质酸分解酶基因（Hyl）为改造目标, 利用同源重组技术获得 Hyl基因敲除的重组菌。首先以兽疫链球菌的基因组DNA为模板扩增出部分透明质酸分解酶基因（Hyl-1）,然后将其克隆到载体pMD19-T上,再以质粒pUC19为模板, PCR扩增得到氨苄青霉素抗性基因,通过反向PCR将其插入Hyl-1基因的中部,得到基因敲除载体pMD19T-SA。该载体与质粒pBR322分别用EcoRⅠ、PstⅠ双酶切后进行连接,得到基因敲除的重组载体pBR322 SA,PCR 及限制性酶切分析,构建的敲除载体与设计结果相符。最后,利用这两种敲除载体通过同源重组技术得到一株重组菌,经PCR 及酶活鉴定,这株菌的Hyl 基因已缺失。     

兽疫链球菌原生质体激光诱变及高产菌株筛选*

探索了透明质酸 (Hyaluronicacid)产生菌—兽疫链球菌 (Streptococcuszooepidemicus)原生质体制备与再生的最佳条件。研究了酶浓度、酶解时间、高渗液的选择、预处理及高渗预培养等因素的影响。确定了最佳条件为 :经 12%甘氨酸预处理及高渗预培养共同作用2h后 ,用 5 0U mL溶菌酶 ,在NaCl高渗体系中 ,于 39℃作用 60min。在此条件下 ,原生质体形成率可达 94.6% ,再生率可达18.5 %。用不同功率的He Ne激光照射不同时间诱变原生质     

马疫链球菌SH-5生产透明质酸营养条件的研究

对Streptococcus equiSH-5生产透明质酸的营养条件进行了研究,摇瓶发酵实验表明该菌株的适宜氮源为酵母膏和牛肉膏以2∶1组成的混合氮源,在碳氮比为2∶1时有利于透明质酸的合成和菌体的生长;通过正交实验摸索出营养培养基的最佳配比为葡萄糖5%,酵母粉6.67%,牛肉膏3.33%,MgSO4.7H2O 0.1%,MnSO4.4H2O 0.02%,NaHCO30.3%,Na2HPO40.5‰,尿嘧啶0.08‰;添加0.05‰异甘草素对产酸有利。     

链球菌合成透明质酸的研究进展

透明质酸是一种具有极大商业价值的线性、高分子粘多糖,微生物的生物合成是透明质酸来源的首选。主要综述链球菌合成透明质酸的研究概况,分析了目前存在的主要问题及解决途径,并对其前景进行了展望。     

温度对发酵生产透明质酸的影响

为进一步提高兽疫链球菌透明质酸产量,本实验采用分阶段控制温度工艺,当温度由36℃培养到28 h转入38℃培养至发酵结束,其透明质酸产量有很大提高。经发酵罐验证温度优化结果,其粗品产量由684 g提高到735 g。     

高粘发酵体系不同搅拌桨的CFD模拟及发酵验证

搅拌桨是高好氧高黏度微生物发酵实现高效反应必不可少的因素之一,不同搅拌桨组合对发酵过程的影响十分重要。威兰胶是由产碱杆菌在高耗氧高粘度发酵体系下合成的胞外微生物多糖,广泛应用于水泥、石油、油墨、食品等行业中。本研究借助于计算流体力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)的方法,以威兰胶发酵液体系为研究体系,研究了6种不同搅拌桨组合在反应器内流体速率分布、剪切速率、和气含率等参数。将模拟效果较好的3种组合用于威兰胶发酵过程。研究表明MB-4-6搅拌桨组合对改善发酵罐内部的溶氧及流场分布效果最明显,威兰胶产量水平提高了13%。同时在该组合下威兰胶的产品粘度得到有效提高。     

Enhanced hyaluronic acid production of Streptococcus zooepidemicus by an intermittent alkaline-stress strategy

Aims: Enhanced hyaluronic acid (HA) production of Streptococcus zooepidemicus by redirecting carbon flux through an intermittent alkaline‐stress strategy. Methods and Results: pH value was kept at 7·0 for the first 6 h, and then intermittently switched to 8·5 for 1 h and back to 7·0 for 1 h until the end of fermentation at 16 h (one pH switch cycle every 2 h). With this intermittent alkaline‐stress strategy, HA production was increased to 6·5 ± 0·2 g l^?1 from 5·0 ± 0·1 g l^?1 of the control, in which pH was always kept at 7·0. In addition, biomass and lactic acid concentration decreased by 24% and 14%, respectively, while acetic acid concentration increased by 10% under intermittent alkaline stress. The redirection of carbon flux from lactic acid to acetic acid was further supported by the decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and the increased acetate kinase activity. As indicated by the increased NADH oxidase (NOX) activity, intermittent alkaline‐stress induced a more oxidative intracellular environment which would facilitate HA synthesis. Conclusions: Overproduction of HA was realized by redirecting carbon flux through the proposed intermittent alkaline‐stress strategy. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study clearly demonstrated the importance of metabolic‐pathway‐analysis based fermentation strategy in industrial processes and provided an alternative optimization approach for high viscosity fermentation.     

Modeling and optimization of microbial hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus using radial basis function neural network coupling quantum‐behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural biopolymer with unique physiochemical and biological properties and finds a wide range of applications in biomedical and cosmetic fields. It is important to increase HA production to meet the increasing HA market demand. This work is aimed to model and optimize the amino acids addition to enhance HA production of Streptococcus zooepidemicus with radial basis function (RBF) neural network coupling quantum‐behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm. In the RBF‐QPSO approach, RBF neural network is used as a bioprocess modeling tool and QPSO algorithm is applied to conduct the optimization with the established RBF neural network black model as the objective function. The predicted maximum HA yield was 6.92 g/L under the following conditions: arginine 0.062 g/L, cysteine 0.036 g/L, and lysine 0.043 g/L. The optimal amino acids addition allowed HA yield increased from 5.0 g/L of the control to 6.7 g/L in the validation experiments. Moreover, the modeling and optimization capacity of the RBF‐QPSO approach was compared with that of response surface methodology (RSM). It was indicated that the RBF‐QPSO approach gave a slightly better modeling and optimization result compared with RSM. The developed RBF‐QPSO approach in this work may be helpful for the modeling and optimization of the other multivariable, nonlinear, time‐variant bioprocesses. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009     

Analysis of metabolic fluxes for hyaluronic acid (HA) production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus

Summary A detailed metabolic flux analysis (MFA) for hyaluronic acid (HA) production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus was carried out. A metabolic network was constructed for the metabolism of S. zooepidemicus. Fluxes through these reactions were estimated by MFA using accumulation rates of biomass and product, consumption rate of glucose in batch fermentation and dissolved oxygen-controlled fermentation. The changes of the fluxes were observed at different stages of batch fermentation and in different dissolved oxygen tension (DOT)-controlled fermentation processes. The effects of metabolic nodes on HA accumulation under various culture conditions were investigated. The results showed that high concentration of glucose in the medium did not affect metabolic flux distribution, but did influence the uptake rate of glucose. HA synthesis was influenced by DOT via flux redistribution in the principal node. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) produced in the fermentation process are associated with cell growth and HA synthesis.     

Two-dimensional intraventricular flow pattern visualization using the image-based computational fluid dynamics

The image-based computational fluid dynamics (IB-CFD) technique, as the combination of medical images and the CFD method, is utilized in this research to analyze the left ventricle (LV) hemodynamics. The research primarily aims to propose a semi-automated technique utilizing some freely available and commercial software packages in order to simulate the LV hemodynamics using the IB-CFD technique. In this research, moreover, two different physiological time-resolved 2D models of a patient-specific LV with two different types of aortic and mitral valves, including the orifice-type valves and integrated with rigid leaflets, are adopted to visualize the process of developing intraventricular vortex formation and propagation. The blood flow pattern over the whole cardiac cycle of two models is also compared to investigate the effect of utilizing different valve types in the process of the intraventricular vortex formation. Numerical findings indicate that the model with integrated valves can predict more complex intraventricular flow that can match better the physiological flow pattern in comparison to the orifice-type model.     

Aerodynamic evaluation of the empty nose syndrome by means of computational fluid dynamics

The potential outcome of a surgical enlargement of internal nasal channels may be a complication of nasal breathing termed the Empty Nose Syndrome (ENS). ENS pathophysiology is not entirely understood because the expansion of air pathways would in theory ease inhalation. The present contribution is aimed at defining the biophysical markers responsible for ENS. Our study, conducted in silico, compares nasal aerodynamics in pre- and post-operative geometries acquired by means of computer tomography from the same individual. In this article, we elucidate and analyse the deviation of airflow patterns and nasal microclimate from the healthy benchmarks. The analysis reveals 53% reduction in flow resistance, radical re-distribution of nasal airflow, as well as dryer and colder nasal microclimate for the post-operative case.     

微生物发酵法生产透明质酸

透明质酸(Hyaluronic acid,以下简称HA)是一种高分子粘多糖,具有良好的亲水性、生物相容性和保湿功能,广泛应用于食品、化妆品和医药领域.透明质酸的传统生产方法是主要从动物组织中提取,用微生物发酵法生产透明质酸正逐步取代传统生产方法,其优点是原料易得、成本低、所产透明质酸有更高的产量和分子量等原因.