Survey of microfungi in the Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord (Germany)

During an excursion in the Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord in 2009 and 2010 we were able to collect and identify more than 100 specimens of microfungi on different parts of cultivated and wild plant species. We found parasitic and saprophytic microfungi on trees, bushes and herbaceous plants. Some of them have been observed only rarely until now. Most of the collected microfungi species belong to the classes of Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes - for example Leptosphaeria modesta (Desm.) Rabenh. on Knautia cf. arvensis (L.) Coult., Ramularia urticae Ces. on Urtica dioica L., Stigmina glomerulosa (Sacc.) S. Hughes on Juniperus communis L., Pseudomassaria corni (Sowerby) Arx on Cornus alba L., Mollisia discolor (Mont.) W. Phillips on Cornus alba L., Botryosphaeria quercuum (Schwein.) Sacc. on Quercus robur L., Peronospora cytisi Rostr. on Laburnum anagyroides Med., Microsphaera guarinonii Briosi and Cavara on Laburnum anagyroides Med., Brachysporium dingleyae S. Hughes on Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl and Rhododendron spec., Mamiania fimbriata (Pers.) Ces. and De Not. on Carpinus betulus L., Atopospora betulina (Fr.) Petr. on Betula pendula Roth, Septoria robiniae (Lib.) Desm. (=Phloeospora robiniae (Lib.) H?hn.) on Robinia pseudoacacia L., Chalara hughesii Nag Raj and W.B. Kendr. on Quercus robur L.. All specimens are located in the Herbarium ESS, Mycotheca Parva collection G.B. Feige and N. Ale-Agha.     

几种具纤毛分生孢子的腔孢菌

本文报道了河北省具纤毛(setulae)分生孢子的腔孢菌(Coelomycetes)5种,它们隶属于多毛孢属(Polynema Lev.),星毛孢属(Stauronema H.Sydow,Sydow ＆Butler),刺杯毛孢属(Dinemasporium Lev.)和双毛壳孢属(Discosia Lib.)。其中多毛孢属和星毛孢属系国内新记录属。记载了一新种中国多毛孢(Polynema sinense w.-P.Wu)和一中国新记录种甘蔗星毛孢(Stauronema sacchari H.Sydow,Sydow ＆Butler)。在刺杯毛孢属和双毛壳孢属内共鉴定出3个种,它们是槭刺杯毛孢(Dinemasporium acerinum Peck),刚毛刺杯毛孢(Dinemasporium strigosum(Pets.:Ft.)Sate.)和双毛壳孢(Discosia artocreas(Tode:Fr。)Ff.)。文中对这些种进行了详细描述,新种有拉丁文描述。研究标本保藏于河北省科学院生物研究所。     

南迦巴瓦峰地区的大型真菌资源

本文记载了西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区的各类大型真菌292种,隶属于120属,42科。其中食用真菌166种,药用真菌109种,有毒真菌5D种,菌根菌68种,树木腐朽菌41种。另有点柄铦囊蘑(Melanoleuca verrucipes)、南牛肝菌(Austroboletus gracilis)、簇生小管菌(Filoboletus manipularis)、多鳞口蘑(Tricholoma squarrulosum)等21种为我国新记录。西藏地区的新记录76种。新种将另文发表。目前认为重要的或经济用途比较大的百种以上,如冬虫夏草(Cordyceps sinensis)、茯苓(Poria cocos)、木耳(Auricularia auricula)、金顶侧耳(Pleurotus citrinopileatus)、蜜环菌(Armillariella mellea)、松口蘑(Tricholoma matsutake)、鸡零售(土从)菌(Termitomyces albuminosus)、白毒伞(Amanita verna)、半卵圆斑褶伞(Anellaria semiovata)等。南峰地区真菌资源丰富,研究利用潜力很大。     

中国的肉座菌科Ⅲ.肉座菌属的菌生种

对肉座菌属的系统分类史进行了回顾,并对3个菌生种进行了报道;其中硫磺肉座菌(新拟)Hypocrea sulphurea(Schwein.)Sacc.为中国新记录种,拟层孔肉座菌H.fomitopsisP.G.Liuet     

四川大型真菌资源调查研究

本文介绍了四川大型真菌资源348种,包括药用真菌163种、食用真菌123种、有毒真菌41种、菌根真菌101种等。全国新记录26种。其中冬虫夏草(cordyceps sinensis)、凉山虫草(c.liangshanensis)、松口蘑(Tricholoma matsutake)、银耳(Tremella fuciformis)、短裙竹荪(Dictyophora duplicata)猴头(Hericium erinaceus)、鸡(土从)(Termitomyces albuminosus)、木耳(Auricuiaria auricula)、灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)等尤为著名。并对四川大型真菌中部分重要种类的分布、资源及用途进行了分析和评价。为合理开发利用及有关教学科研提供了资料。     

几种担子菌胞外漆酶同工酶谱的研究

从猴头(Hericium erinaceus)、亚侧耳(Hohenbuehelia serotina)、毛柄金钱菌(Co-llybia velutipes)、多脂鳞伞(Pholiota adiposa)、香菇(Lentinus edodes)、黑木耳(Auriculariaauricula)、草菇(Volvaria volpacea)二孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)和紫孢侧耳(Pleurotussapidus)、侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)风尾菇(P.sajor-caju)、金顶侧耳(P.citrinopileatus)、鲍鱼菇(P.cystidiosus)、佛罗里达侧耳(P.florida)、爪哇漏斗状侧耳(P.sajor-caju var.javanicus)商品化菌种的培养滤液里所得到的胞外漆酶(LC),采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦盘状电泳方法,分析比较了它们的胞外漆酶同工酶。经多批次比较试验,获得了侧耳属七个种和八个不同属间各自恒定的漆酶同工酶谱。在这些酶谱中,分别包含了 A 组(pH3—5)和 B 组(pH5—8)的谱带。而且,所有菌种间漆酶带的等电点值(pI)各有异同。没有测定菌种间各漆酶带含量差别。讨论了漆酶同工酶谱用于分类研究的可能性。     

吉林省担子菌补记(六)

报道了6个吉林省新记录担子菌,即青绿湿伞[Hygrocybepsittacina(Schaeff.:Fr.)W櫣ｎｓｃｈｅ],梭柄金钱菌[Collybiafusipes (Bull.:Fr.)Qu啨ｌ.],黄褐盔孢菌[Galerinahelvoliceps(Berk .etCurt.)Sing .],内鬼笔(EndophallusyunnanensisZangetPetersen) ,粉托鬼笔[Phallushadriani(Vent.)Pers.]和蓖齿地星(GeastrumpectinatumPers .)。其中,内鬼笔属为吉林省新记录属,青绿湿伞、梭柄金钱菌、内鬼笔和篦齿地星为首次在我国东北地区发现。标本存放在吉林农业大学标本馆(HMJAU)内。     

南京的鬼笔菌

作者于1928—1934年在南京工作时,曾对附近的鬼笔菌作了观察和采集。在春天,那时南京附近的田园、竹林里鬼笔菌是比较多的。这里发表的10种鬼笔菌是:(1)竹荪Dictyophora indusiata(Vent.ex Pers.)Fischer,(2)杂色竹荪Dictyophora multicolor Berk. et Br.,(3)双柱小林鬼笔Linderiella bicolumnata(Lloyd)Cunn.,(4)五棱散尾菌Lysurus mokusin(L. ex Pers.)Fr.,(5)蛇头菌Mutinus sp.,(6)桔红鬼笔Phallus aurantiacus Mont.,(7)白鬼笔Phallus impudicus L.ex Pers.,(8)深红鬼笔Phallus rubicundus(Bosc)Fr.,(9)格柄笼头菌Simblum clathroides Kawam.,(10)围篱状柄笼头菌Simblum periphragmoides KI.。除1个种外,作者对其余9个种的形态作了详细的描述,有些种还附有彩色图。对一些近似种和疑难种,又进行了比较和讨论。上述10种鬼笔菌分别隶属6个属,作者在文章的后面部分对其中Linderiella和Lysurus两个属有专门的讨论。     

昆明动物园不同动物粪便真菌多样性(英文)

为调查不同动物粪便中真菌的多样性及不同真菌对动物粪便的偏好性,在云南昆明动物园采集了大额牛、羚牛、梅花鹿、角马、黇鹿、斑马、麋鹿、亚洲野驴、长颈鹿、野牦牛10种动物的粪便共100份。此次调查共鉴定出真菌57种,包括子囊菌31种,担子菌7种,接合菌13种,分类地位未定种类6种。其中,最常见的属为柄孢壳菌属Podospora Ces.,其次是鬼伞属Coprinus Pers及毛霉属Mucor P.Micheli ex Fr。最常见的种类为Mucor sp1,其次是Saccobolus saccoboloides Brumm和Doratomyces stemonitis(Pers.)F.J.Morton&G.Sm.。在报道的57种真菌中,有9种为中国新记录种,即Ascobolus aglaosporus Heimerl,A.behnitziensis Kirschst.,Ascodesmis sphaerospora Obrist,Coprinus hetemerus Lange&Smith,C.radiatus(Bolt.Ex Fr.)S.F.Gray,Podospora comata Milovtz.,Saccobolus dilutellus(Fuckel)Sacc.,S.saccoboloides Brumm.,Spornormiella minima(Auersw.)Ahmed&Cain.。分别研究了这10种动物粪便的真菌物种丰度及多样性,结果显示,反刍类动物粪便的真菌多样性高于非反刍类动物粪便真菌多样性。     

吉林省担子菌补记(五)

报道了 6种吉林省新记录担子菌 ,即斑玉蕈 [Hypsizygusmarmoreus (Peck)Bigelow],大幕侧耳[Pleurotuscalyptratus (Lindbl :Fr )Sacc ],矮包脚菇 [Volvariellapusilla (Pers :Fr )Sing ],白顶丽蘑[Calocybeleucocephala (Fr )Qu啨ｌ ],彩丽小菇 (MycenapictaHarmaja)和平截棒瑚菌 [Clavariadelphustruncatus(Qu啨ｌ )Donk ]。其中 ,斑玉蕈为首次在我国发现。     

中国的球盖菇科(五) 广义斑褶菇属

通过观察吉林农业大学菌物研究所标本馆(HMJAU)、中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)、广东微生物研究所标本馆(GDGM)及作者野外采集的共180份标本的宏观形态和微观结构,对中国球盖菇科的广义斑褶菇属及其所含的灰斑褶菇属(Copelandia Bres.)、疣孢斑褶菇属(Panaeolina Maire)和狭义斑褶菇属[Panaeolus(Fr.)Qul(s.str.)]进行了分类学研究,对中国分布的16个种进行了形态学描述、显微线条图绘制,并编写了分种检索表。其中,包括1个新组合:栗褶疣孢斑褶菇[Panaeolina castaneifolia(Murr.)Sarentoya et Tolgor];2个中国新记录种:热带灰斑褶菇[Copelandia tropicalis(Ola′h)SingerR.A.Weeks]、小型斑褶菇[Panaeolus alcidisM.M.Moser];12个省级新记录种:北京新记录种硬腿斑褶菇[Panaeolus solidipes(Peck)Sacc.],内蒙古新记录种硬腿斑褶菇[Panaeolus solidipes(Peck)Sacc.]、锐顶斑褶菇[Panaeolus acuminatus(Schaeff.)Qul.]、黑斑褶菇[Panaeolus ater(J.E.Lange)KhnerRomagn.]、紧缩斑褶菇[Panaeolus sphinctrinus(Fr.)Qul.]、红褐斑褶菇[Panaeolus subbalteatus(Berk.Broome)Sacc.],吉林省新记录种半卵圆斑褶菇[Panaeolus semiovatus(Sowerby)S.LundellNannf.]、栗褶疣孢斑褶菇[Panaeolina castaneifolia(Murrill)Bon],黑龙江新记录种红褐斑褶菇[Panaeolus subbalteatus(Berk.Broome)Sacc.],宁夏新记录种变蓝灰斑褶菇[Copelandiacyanescens(Berk.Broome)Singer]、锐顶斑褶菇[Panaeolus acuminatus(Schaeff.)Qul.],西藏新记录种红褐斑褶菇[Panaeolus subbalteatus(Berk.Broome)Sacc.]。     

引诱白蚁的食用菌腐朽物的筛选

作者在实验室内用6种白蚁:栖北网(尉虫)Reticulitermes speratus(Kolbe)、黄胸网(尉虫)R.flaviceps(Osh-ima)、圆唇网(尉虫)R.labralis Hsia et Fan、尖唇网(尉虫)R.aculabialis Tsai et Huang、普见乳(尉虫)Coptoter-mes communis Hsia et He和囟土(尉虫)Odontotermes fontanellus Kemner对5种真菌的腐朽木屑进行了单纯选择和复合选择的生测试验。这5种真菌,一种是木腐菌,即密粘褶菌Gloeophyllum trabeum(Pers.ex Fr.)Murr.,另外4种均为腐木性粮用真菌:银耳Tremella fueiformis、黑木耳Auricularia auricula、猴头菌Hericium erinaceus和香菇Lentinus edodes。生测结果表明上述4种木腐性食用真菌中除猴头菌对白蚁引诱力极微外,其余3种和密粘褶菌对供试的多种白蚊均具有引诱力。其中以银耳腐木屑的引诱力最强而持久,黑木耳次之,密粘褶菌、香菇又次之。有关银耳和黑木耳腐朽木屑中对白蚁具引诱力的活性物质的化学成份和结构尚需进一步研究。     

中天山林区野生食用真菌生态考察研究

介绍了中天山林区野生食用真菌１２５种,其中中国新记录种３种,新疆纪录种１９种。种交多的科有口蘑科Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｌｏｍａｔａｃｅａｅ,蘑菇科Ａｇａｒｉｃａｃｅａｅ,红姑科Ｒｕｓｓｕｌａｃｅａｅ,侧耳科Ｐｌｅｕｒｏｔａｃｅａｅ。按生态性将基分为４类：土生菌、粪生菌、木生菌、苗条奶菌、并对重要的种类进行了分析和评价,为科研和合理开发利用提供了资料。     

Survey of microfungi on Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. from Münsterland, Germany

During our investigation on microfungi in Antoniusheim, Fleissenbach und Merfelderbruch near Dülmen in Münsterland in the years 2005 and 2006 we were able to collect and identify 25 microfungi on Alnus glutinosa (L.) GAERTN. Among them are some which are very rare in Germany linke Phragmoporthe conformis (Berkley & Broome) Petrak, Cryptosporiopsis alnea (Rostr.) Petr., Prosthecium auctum (Berk. & Broome) Petr., Taphrina alni-incanae (Kun.) Magn. [= T. Amentorum (Sadeback) Rostrup], Cryptodiaporthe oxystoma (Rehm.) Z. Urb., Cladosporium alnicola Bub. & Vleug. [= C. Herbarum (Pers.)], Erysiphe penicillata (Wallr.) Link, Melampsoridium betulinum Kleb., Bacterodesmium longisporum M.B. Ellis, Marssonina alni Karak. Asteroma alneum (Pers.: Fr.) Sutton . All collected species can be found in the text.     

Effects of pH,water stress and temperature on in vitro cultures of ectomycorrhizal fungi from Mediterranean forests

A comparative study of the growth of eight species of ectomycorrhizal fungi [Hebeloma edurum Métrod ex Bon, Lactarius deliciosus (L.: Fr.) S.F. Gray., Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th.M.Fr., Suillus collinitus (Fr.) Kuntze, Suillus granulatus (L.: Fr.) Roussel, Suillus luteus (L.: Fr.) Roussel, Tricholoma focale (Fr.) Ricken, Tricholoma striatum (Schaeff.) Sacc.] in pure culture at different pH values, water potentials and temperatures was carried out. The biomass production and mycelial growth of each strain were assessed and characterised morphologically. H. edurum and L. deliciosus showed a clear affinity for neutral or slightly basic media. Most species had the lowest colony diameters and biomass production at pH 2.5. Only H. edurum, R. roseolus and S. collinitus grew at the highest water stress levels (−13.85 and −15.45 bar). All species grew at the lowest values of temperature whereas only R. roseolus and S. collinitus did at 30 °C.     

Entoloma subgen. Pouzaromyces (Basidiomycetes, Agaricales) in Norway

Six taxa, representing five species of Entoloma (Fr.) Kumm. subgen. Pouzaromyces (Pilat) Moser emend. Noordel. are described from Norway, of which four are new to the country, viz., E. dysthales (Peck) Sacc, E. dysthaloides Noordel., E. araneosum (Quel.) Moser i.fulvostrigosum (Berk. & Br.) Noordel., and E. versatilis (Fr.) Moser.     

中国的球盖菇科(一)鳞伞属

通过对中科院微生物研究所真菌与地衣开放实验室标本馆(HMAS)、昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆(HKAS)、广东微生物研究所标本馆(HMIGD)和吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)的443份标本的宏观形态和微观结构的观察,报道了中国鳞伞属真菌31种和2变种,其中包括1新变种,即白小圈齿鳞伞凸顶变种[Pholiota albocrenulata(Pk.)Sacc.var.conicaTolgor];1中国新记录种,即黄褶鳞伞[Pholiota luteofolia(Pk.)Sacc.]和10省级新记录种,即多脂鳞伞[Pholiota adiposa(Fr.)Kumm.](广东)、白小圈齿鳞伞[Pholiota albocrenulata(Pk.)Sacc.](黑龙江)、少鳞黄鳞伞[Pholiota alnicola(Fr.)Sing.](黑龙江)、黄褐鳞伞[Pholiota fulvella(Pk.)Smithet Hesl.](内蒙古)、地生鳞伞[Pholiota highlandensis(Pk.)Smith et Hesl.](云南)、黏皮鳞伞[Pholiota lubrica(Fr.)Sing.](四川)、毛腿鳞伞[Pholiota mutabilis(Fr.)Kumm.](四川)、多脂翘鳞伞(Pholiota squarroso-adiposaLange)(黑龙江)、亚苦鳞伞[Pholiota subamaraSmith et Hesl.)(广东)、地毛柄鳞伞[Pholiota terrigena(Fr.)Karst.](内蒙古)。对每个种进行了详尽的形态学描述并提供显微线条图,编写了中国鳞伞属分亚属和分种检索表。将库恩菇属(KuehneromycesSing.et Smith)和火菇属[Flammula(Fr.)Kumm.]并入鳞伞属中。将Gymnopilus luteofolius(Pk.)Sing.和刺毛暗皮伞[Phaeomarasmius erinaceellus(Pk.)Sing.]放入鳞伞属中进行讨论;认为应将金毛鳞伞[Pholiotaaurivella(Fr.)Kumm.]、多脂翘鳞伞和地毛柄鳞伞作为独立的种处理;将Pholiota malicola(Kauff.)Smith作为Pholiota alnicola(Fr.)Sing.的同物异名;将皱盖鳞伞[Pholiota rugosa(Pk.)sing.]划入微鳞伞属(PholiotinaFayod)属中。并讨论了鳞伞属与相关的属之间形态学差异,列出了存疑种的名录。     

广东小菇属的分类研究

本文报道了广东省小菇属 Mycena(Pers.ex Fr.)s.F.Gray 的21个种,其中新种3个,国内新记录种4个以及新组合1个。新种是鼎湖小菇 Myce-na dinghuensis Bi sp.nov.,近细小菇 Mycena subgracilis Bi sp.nov.以及亚长刺小菇 Mycena sublongiseta Bi sp.nov.。新组合为拟安络小菇 Mycena pseudo-androsacea(Bull.ex Fr.)Bi comb.nov;新记录种是:唯一小菇 Mycena insignis Smith,狭褶小菇 Mycena leptophylla(Pk.)Sacc.,粗糙孢小菇 Mycena trachyspora Rea 以及特洛伊小菇 Mycena,tro-jana Murr.。     

Fungi pathogenic to ryegrass seedlings

Summary Fungi borne on or in ryegrass (Lolium spp.) seeds or invading ryegrass seedlings grown on field soils were isolated and identified. Selected isolates were tested to determine their pathogenicity to ryegrass seedlings. Seed-borne fungi were generally weakly virulent or non-pathogenic to ryegrass seedlings. Pathogenic seed-borne fungi includedChaetomium globosum Kunze: Fr.,Curvularia trifolii (Kauffm.) Boedijn, and species ofPenicillium Link andAspergillus Mich. ex Link. Species of fungi isolated from seedlings grown on field soils de pended on soil and temperature. Soil-borne fungi pathogenic to seedlings includedFusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc.,F. culmorum (W. G. Smith) Sacc.,F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc.,F. oxysporum Schlecht.: Fr.,F. solani (Mart.) Sacc.,Pythium afertile Kanouse and Humphrey,P. debaryanum auct. non Hesse,P. irregulare Buisman,P. ultimum Trow, a sphaerosporangiatePythium sp.,Chaetomium globosum, Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk,Trichoderma koningii Oudem., and aPhomopsis sp. Individual isolates of fungi differed in virulence to ryegrass seedlings, and ryegrass cultivars differed in susceptibility to seedling pathogens.     

吉林省高等子囊菌物种多样性

记载吉林省核菌纲和盘菌纲高等子囊菌150种,隶属于22个科。补充吉林省新分布种4个,它们是碳壳胶球、银莲花核盘菌、皱盖钟菌和钟菌。新记录种提供形态描述,标本存放在吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJAU)内。