The steam volatile leaf oils of some species of Eucalyptus subseries Strictinae

The volatile leaf oils of Eucalyptus stenostoma, E. fraxinoides, E. triflora, E. dendromorpha, E. burgessiana, E. rupicola, E. approximans subsp. approximans, E. approximans subsp. codonocarpa and E. paliformis were qualitatively very similar to each other but significantly different from the leaf oils of the remaining species of the subseries. Their leaf oils were characterized by high concentrations of p-cymene and by the presence of α- and β-phellandrene, variable amounts of piperitone, trans- and cis-piperitol and trans- and cis-p-menth- 2-en-1-ol. The three last named alcohols have not been previously reported from the Myrtaceae.     

Volatile leaf oils of Eucalyptus delegatensis seedlings

A study of the volatile leaf oils of Eucalyptus delegatensis seedlings with respect to the geographic provenance of the parent seed has shown that oils of mainland Australian origin contained significantly higher proportions of 4-phenylbutan- 2-one than oils of Tasmanian origin.     

A tropone derivative from orobanche rapum-genistae

A new tropone,3,8-dimethyl-5-isopropyl-2,3- dihydro(1H)azulen-6-one, named orobanone, has been isolated for the first time from a plant (Orobanche rapum-genistae, Orobanchaceae). This tropone is synthesized by the parasite and exists, with other related compounds, in various species of broom-rapes.     

山石榴果实挥发油的化学成分分析

采用超临界CO2提取山石榴果实挥发油,并利用GC-MS联用技术分析挥发油的化学组成。从山石榴果实挥发油中分离、鉴定出33个化合物,占挥发油总量的89.43%。挥发油主要由各种酯、脂肪酸成分组成,含量较高的成分是11,14-二十碳二烯酸甲酯(11,14-eicosadienoic acid,methyl ester,42.49%),棕榈酸(pal mitic acid,15.34%),硬脂酸(stearic acid,10.54%),肉豆蔻酸(myristic acid,6.26%),十六酸乙酯(hexa-decanoic acid,ethyl ester,5.84%)。     

Analysis of the volatile essential oils of Murraya koenigii and Pandanus latifolius

Using well-established techniques, samples were obtained of the volatile essential oils of the two types of curry leaf, Murraya koenigii and Pandanus latifolius. Both contained mainly terpenes, and M. koenigii produced less than 4% of other components with eight monoterpene hydrocarbons (ca 16%) and 17 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (ca 80%) being obtained. The most important constituents of M. koenigii are β-caryophyllene, β-gurjunene, β-elemene, β-phellandrene and β-thujene. The volatile essential oil of P. latifolius also contained mainly sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (6–42%) but the only monoterpene was linalool (ca 6%). Nearly 2000 times the total quantity of aroma volatiles was produced by M. koenigii compared with P. latifolius, and this partly explains the observed stronger flavour potency of the former.     

Structure of oxoflavidin,a 9,10-dihydrophenanthropyrone from Coelogyne elata

Oxoflavidin, a new phenolic compound isolated from the Himalayan orchid Coelogyne elata was shown to be 2,7-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydro-5H-phenanthro[4,5-bcd]pyran-5-one (2d) by spectral and chemical evidence.     

Genetic variation for volatile terpenoids in roots of carrot, Daucus carota, backcrosses and F2 generations

Volatile terpenoid levels were measured in segregating carrot populations. Genetic analysis suggested dominance and multigenic control for low total volatile terpenoids, and low terpinolene quantities. The inheritance of caryophyllene quantities differed in different populations. Percent (E)-γ-bisabolene exhibited simple genetic control in several carrot populations with dominance for high levels. Compensatory shifts between the major volatile terpenes indicates an inter-relationship between the mono- and sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic pools.     

Genetic variation for volatile terpenoids in roots of carrot, Daucus carota, inbreds and F1 hybrids

Volatile terpenoid levels were determined in eight carrot inbreds and ten F₁ hybrids. Genetic variation between inbreds spanned a 5-10-fold range f     

Biosynthesis of the 3-benzylchroman-4-one eucomin in Eucomis bicolor

Feeding experiments have demonstrated the specific incorporation of radioactivity from dl-phenylalanine-[1-¹⁴C], l-phenylalanine-[U-¹⁴C], sodium acetate-[2-¹⁴C] and l-methionine-[methyl-¹⁴C] into the 3-benzylchroman-4-one eucomin in Eucomis bicolor. The labelling patterns indicate that eucomin is biosynthesized by the addition of a carbon atom derived from methionine onto a C₁₅ chalcone-type skeleton. Radioactivity from 2′,4′,4-trihydroxy-6′-methoxychalcone-[methyl-¹⁴C] and 2′,4′-dihydroxy-4,6′-dimethoxychalcone-[6′-methyl-¹⁴C] was incorporated into eucomin, the latter compound being the better precursor, demonstrating the feasibility that 2′-methoxychalcones are biosynthetic precursors of the “homoisoflavonoids”. Possible biosynthetic relationships in this class of compounds are discussed.     

Lactones,flavonoids and benzophenones from Garcinia conrauana and Garcinia mannii

Two novel lactones have been isolated from the stem barks of Garcinia conrauana and G. mannii. The major component of the bark of G. conrauana was identified as 3-(3$\text{,}\text{?}$ 3″-dimethylallyl)-conrauanalactone [4-hydroxy-3-(3″, 3″-dimethylallyl)-6-pentadecylpyran- 2-one] by comparison of spectral data of the isolated compound and two methylethers with that obtained for the previously isolated conrauanalactone. A minor component of the bark of G. mannii was tentatively identified as 3-α-hydroxy-5-(heptadec-8′-enyl)-tetrahydro- furan-2-one on the basis of spectral data from the isolated compound and its monoacetate. The distributions of biflavonoids and related compounds and benzophenones in the stem bark, heartwood, seeds and leaves of the two species are reported.     

Arylbenzofurans from Dalbergia parviflora

The isolation of two polysubstituted arylbenzofurans from the heartwood of Dalbergia parviflora is described. Their structures were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR). They were named parvifuran (5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-3-methyl-2-phenylbenzofuran) and isoparvifuran (5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3-phenylbenzofuran) and are the first compounds of this class isolated from a Dalbergia species.     

Microbiological oxidation of sterols by Coriolus hirstus

Fermentation of cholesterol with a culture of Coriolus hirstus yielded a mixture containing 7-oxo-cholesterol and hydroxylated-cholesterol derivatives. Preparation of a possible precursor of antheridiol, 7-oxofucosterol, by this fungus was also examined.     

Phosphatases from pollen of Brassica campestris and Lilium regale

Soluble and wall-bound acid phosphatases isolated from rape seed pollen showed similar properties except for the pH optimum curve which was elevated for the cell wall enzyme. About 50 % of the phosphatase activity of washed pollen wall preparations could be solubilized with Triton X-100, compared with only ca 20% for the corresponding preparation from lily pollen. A comparison of the wall-bound acid phosphatase of rape seed and lily pollen showed a marked difference in specificity towards fructose-6-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. A Mg²⁺-dependent alkaline pyrophosphatase was obtained from rape seed pollen but this activity could not be detected in cell wall preparations.     

Sesquiterpene lactones,waxes and volatile compounds from Artemisia herba-alba subspecies Valentina

The structures of two sesquiterpene lactones isolated from Artemisia herba-alba subsp. valentina have been determined by spectroscopic methods. One of these was dihydroreynosin, the other was a new compound assigned the name torrentin. The chemical compositions of a wax and a hydrocarbon fraction from the essential oil have also been investigated.     

蝴蝶果花、叶挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果花、叶中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。从花中鉴定出10种化合物,占总油量的96.90%,其主要成分为十六烷酸(59.89%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(13.82%)、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯-1-醇(6.58%)及双(2-乙基)邻苯二甲酸酯(5.59%)。从叶中鉴定出10种化合物,占总油量的45.26%,主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(19.64%)、二丁基羟基甲苯(10.58%)、十六烷酸(3.70%)及苯甲酸(3.46%)。     

Phthalides from the rhizome of Ligusticum wallichii

Three phthalides, 3-butylidene-7-hydroxyphthalide, and cis and trans-6,7-dihydroxyligustilides, along with a dimeric phthalide wallichilide have been isolated from the hot water extract of the rhizome of Ligusticum wallichii. Their structures were established mainly on the basis of spectroscopic data. 3-Butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-hydroxy phthalide and adenosine were identified as active principles of the extract which are responsible for increase of coronary blood flow in the dog heart.     

Essential oils of five Tanacetum vulgare genotypes

The essential oils of five Tanacetum vulgare genotypes were investigated and their main components identified. Artemisia alcohol, γ-campholenol, davanone, lyratol, lyratyl acetate and 4-thujen-2α-yl acetate have not been reported before as constituents of Tanacetum vulgare. This is the first time that γ-campholenol has been isolated from a natural source. 4-Thujen-2α-yl acetate is a novel compound.     

Analyses of the volatile leaf oils of Juniperus deppeana and its infraspecific taxa: Chemosystematic implications

Eight OTUs of Juniperus deppeana were collected and their volatile leaf oils analysed by GC/GCMS. The volatile oils are dominated by oxygenated terpenes such as camphor, linalool, cis-verbenol, 4-terpineol, verbenone, borneol and trans-sabinene hydrate. The major monoterpene found was α-pinene. Sesquiterpenoids were minor components of the volatile leaf oils. The six named taxa were only distinguished by combinations of terpenoid characters. The differentiation of the Arizona J. deppeana (var. pachyphlaea ?) and J.d. forma sperryi from the other taxa in Mexico was the major subdivision found. Juniperus deppeana forma sperryi was clearly distinguished as were J.d. var. robusta and J.d. var. patoniana.     

Triterpenes and neoflavonoids of Calophyllum lankaensis and Calophyllum thwaitesii

The petrol extracts of the leaves of Calophyllum lankaensis and C. thwaitesii yielded D:A-friedo-oleanan-3-one, 28-hydroxy-D:A-friedo-oleanan-3-one (canophyllol), 28-oxo-D:A-friedo-oleanan-3-one (canophyllal calozeylanic acid, thwaitesic acid, isothwaitesic acid and apetalactone. Thwaitesic acid and iso-thwaitesic acid are two novel neoflavonoids.     

A new dihydrobenzofuran from Liatris provincialis

A chloroform extract of Liatris provincialis Godfrey gave as a minor component a new dihydrobenzofuran, whose structure was established as I.