The genusBrachydesmiella from submerged wood in the tropics, including a new species and a new combination

During studies of fungi occurring on wood submerged in freshwater streams in the tropics, five species ofBrachydesmiella, namely,B. anthostomelloidea, B. biseptata, B. caudata, B. orientalis comb. nov., andB. verrucosa sp. nov., were collected. There are described and illustrated from natural substrata, wooden test blocks, and from pure culture, based mainly on collections made in Thailand.Brachydesmiella verrucosa differs from the other four species in having 3-celled, coarsely verrucose, ampoule-shaped conidia, with a long, thin, cylindrical, verruculose apical cell. A key toBrachydesmiella species is provided.     

Beltrania penzig : B. magnoliae sp. nov., avec clé d'identification des espèces

Beltrania Penzig : B. magnoliae sp. nov., with a taxonomic key to species. Beltrania magnoliae sp. nov., from decaying leaves of Magnolia gradiflora L. (Magnoliaceae) from south-west of France, is described in vivo and in vitro. It can be distinguished by having one kind of setae, straight sparsely verrucose, conidiophores often branched from the base, separating cells not observed in vivo. A taxonomic key to species in the genus is proposed.     

A new species of Anthopsis

Anthopsis catenata sp. nov., isolated from roots of Abies alba is described. The species is characterised by inverted phialides producing pale brown, ellipsoidal to subglobose conidia in chains.     

Rasamsonia composticola, a new thermophilic species isolated from compost in Yunnan, China

Rasamsonia composticola sp. nov. is described, illustrated, and compared with similar taxa. This species produces globose to ellipsoid ascomata, spherical asci borne in short chains and globose, 1-celled ascospores, typical of Rasamsonia. Anamorph on CYA, MEA, and PDA produces verrucose, rough-walled conidiophores, and hyaline and cylindrical conidia. This novel species is thermophilic with optimal growth temperature of 45–50 °C, and minimum growth temperature of 30 °C. Phylogenetic analyses based on combined ITS rDNA, partial calmodulin, and β-tubulin sequences, and combined partial RPB2, Tsr1, and Cct8 gene sequences were conducted. Both confirmed the generic placement in Rasamsonia and showed its close phylogenetic relationships to several species in the genus, such as R. emersonii and R. byssochlamydoides.     

Description ofAvesicladiella gen. nov. (hyphomycetes) for two undescribed leaf litter microfungi

The new hyphomycete genusAvesicladiella with two species,A. britannica sp. nov., type species, andA. microsperma sp. nov., is described and illustrated. Both species are leaf litter microfungi. The genus closely resemblesVesicladiella, Circinotrichum, Gyrothrix, Ceratocladium andVermiculariopsiella, several hyphomycete genera with comparable characters such as superficial hyphal networks; production of setae; absence of conidiophores; lageniform or ampulliform conidiogenous cells; and hyaline aseptate conidia produced in clusters around the apices of conidiogenous cells. The new genus differs from these by its hyaline, septate setae, typical ‘phialidic’ conidiogenous cells, and hyaline, aseptate cylindrical conidia.     

Four new coprophilous hyphomycetes

Four new and interesting coprophilous Hyphomycetes are described from India: (1)Sympodina coprophila gen. et sp. n. isolated from goat dung from Jaipur; this fungus produces 2-celled, brown, solitary, dry blastospores developing acrogenously at the tips of conidiophores and at their sympodially produced successive growing points; (2)Adhogamina ruchira gen. et sp. n. isolated from pony dung from Rishikesh; the fungus produces one-celled, brown, solitary, dry blastospores without longitudinal germ slit developing in basipetal order on conidiophores; (3)Bahupaathra samala gen. et sp. n. occurring on cow dung from Chakrata; the fungus produces distinct, erect, intricately branched conidiophores with fertile and sterile branches and one-celled slimy phialospores forming globose masses at the tips of characteristic collarettes; and (4)Angulimaya sundara gen. et sp. n. occurring on cow dung from Chakrata; the fungus produces erect conidiophores bearing crowded clusters of annellophores from which one-celled conidia are produced in simple dry basipetal chains. The forms are compared with related genera.     

Two new species of helicosporous hyphomycetes from Taiwan

Helicoma chiayiense sp. nov. and Helicosporium taiwanense sp. nov. on decaying wood submerged in a freshwater stream of Alishan area, Chiayi County, Taiwan, are described and illustrated with light and scanning electron micrographs. Helicoma chiayiense is distinct in having hyaline conidiophores arising from repent mycelium, producing broad conidia that bear secondary conidia. Helicosporium taiwanense is distinct in having robust poly-denticulate conidiophores producing conidia with a wide conidial filament. The phylogenetic relationship of these species was sought among representative taxa of the helicosporous hyphomycetes by comparing their ITS of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA).     

Hyphomycetes from Nigerian rain forests

Phaeobotrys gen. nov., based on Phaeodactylium acutisporum, characterized by branched and pigmented conidiophores, and the production of hyaline, appendiculate conidia from denticles on polyblastic conidiogenous cells which usually extend sympodially to form more conidiogenous loci, and Zanclospora stellata sp. nov., recognized by its stellate sterile branches in the distal part of the conidiophore and bacilliform conidia, are described and illustrated from decaying leaf litter from Nigeria. Keys to Phaeobotrys and related genera, and to species of Zanclospora are proposed. Furthermore, a list of hyphomycetes newly reported for Nigeria is provided.     

A NEW FUNGUS ON CYPERUS IRIA

Thind , K. S., and G. S. Rawla . (Panjab U., Chandigarh, India.) A new fungus on Cyperus iria. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(10): 859–862. Illus. 1961—Duosporium cyperi gen. et sp. nov., collected on Cyperus iria Linn., is characterized by the production of 2 types of conidia, macroconidia and microconidia. The macroconidia are straight, cylindrical, triseptate, with their middle cells dark brown, long, thick-walled, and end cells much paler or subhyaline, short, thin-walled, the middle and the end cells being equally wide. The microconidia are nonseptate, spherical, dark brown, prominently verrucose, and produced apically on the conidiophores like the macroconidia; occasionally also formed as secondary conidia on germinating 3-septate macroconidia in culture. The formation of 2 distinct types of conidia in Duosporium and the features of its macroconidia characteristically differentiate it from its close relative Helminthosporium, although Duosporium. cyperi is not unique among fungi in producing 2 types of conidia.     

Parablastocatena tetracerae gen. et sp. nov. and Corynesporella licualae sp. nov. from Hainan, China

Parablastocatena tetracerae gen. et sp. nov. and Corynesporella licualae sp. nov., collected on dead branches of Tetracera asiatica and Licuala fordiana, respectively, in tropical forests of China, are described and illustrated. Parablastocatena tetracerae is the type species for a new monotypic genus in possessing macronematous conidiophores forming distinct synnemata with holoblastic conidiogenesis and euseptate, short-chained conidia ending in a paler brown rostrum, whereas C. licualae is distinguished from described species by the smaller conidia with long appendages. A key to currently accepted species of Corynesporella is provided.     

Two new species of Solicorynespora from Spain

Solicorynespora insolita sp. nov. and Solicory-nespora biseptata sp. nov., collected from plant debris in natural areas of Spain, are described and illustrated. The former species is characterized by obclavate to fusiform, 4- to 7-septate, dark brown conidia, with a mucous tunica at the apex; sometimes with an unusual oblong to bacilliform, hyaline, phialidic conidial synanamorph arising from the apical cell. Analysis of D1/D2 region rDNA sequences revealed that this fungus is related to members of the family Kirschsteiniotheliaceae of the Dothideomycetes. Solicorynespora biseptata is distinguished by obclavate, 2-septate, brown, but pale brown at the apex, smooth conidia. This latter fungus did not grow in culture. A key to species of Solicorynespora is provided.     

Six new species of the genus Dicranosepsis Duda (Diptera, Sepsidae) from Vietnam, with a revised key to the species

The flies of the genus Dicranosepsis from Vietnam were investigated and classified taxonomically. Six new species (D. longa sp. nov., D. kurahashii sp. nov., D. monoseta sp. nov., D. sinuosa sp. nov., D. barbata sp. nov., and D. vietnamensis sp. nov.) are described and illustrated. Dicranosepsis is redefined and a revised key to the species is also provided.     

蛛生真菌中一枝穗霉属新种

本文报道了采自于贵州省贵阳市黔灵山公园的一种寄生蜘蛛的枝穗霉属新种,蛛生枝穗霉Clonostachys aranearum。此新种具有两型产孢结构,A-型产孢结构：轮枝菌型,瓶梗散生,通常2-5个形成轮生体,圆柱形,至顶端略微变细,17.3-27×1.1-1.6μm。B-型产孢结构：帚状,5.4-16.2×1.1-2.2μm,窄楔形,渐细。大量产孢时,分生孢子叠瓦状排列。分生孢子表面光滑,透明,3.2-5.4×1.1-2.1μm,椭圆形,常弯曲。模式标本GZAC QLS0625保存在贵州大学菌种保藏中心。     

Two new species of Neosartorya isolated from soil in Xinjiang, China

Two new species, Neosartorya shendaweii and N. tsunodae, isolated from soil in Xinjing, China and in Pernambuco, Brazil, are described and illustrated. The first species is characterized by its ascospores with two widely separated equatorial crests and tuberculate to verrucose convex surfaces. This species has affinities with several known species of the genus, bearing ascospores with a similar ornamentation, but can be distinguished from these species by other morphological characteristics such as smaller cleistothecia and conidiophores, spathulate vesicles and rather ellipsoidal conidia. The second species is characterized by its unique ascospores with two low equatorial crests, an evident furrow as a deep depression, and finely reticulate convex surfaces. The validation of these new species is supported further by analyses of the β-tubulin, calmodulin and actin gene sequences.     

Two new species of the staurosporous hyphomycetous genera Ceratosporium and Diplocladiella from Taiwan

Ceratosporium verrucosum and Diplocladiella alta are described as new species. Ceratosporium verrucosum was found on a dead bamboo culm and D. alta on rotting wood in Taiwan. Compared with the other species of Ceratosporium, C. verrucosum differs by the verrucose ornamentation covering the arms of the conidia. Diplocladiella alta is easily distinguished by the length of its conidiophores. For comparison with the previously described species of Ceratosporium, type material of C. fasciculare first was reexamined and Bactrodesmium submoniliforme recognized as the correct name for this species.     

Taxonomy of an anamorphic xylariaceous fungus from a termite nest found together with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Xylaria angulosa</Emphasis>

Two xylariaceous fungi were isolated from a nest of a termite, Odontotermes formosanus, that was incubated in a laboratory after collecting from Iriomote Is., Okinawa Pref., in Japan. One of the two fungi was identified as Xylaria angulosa on the basis of the morphology of branched stroma produced on medium, tiny asci, and ascospores having a germ slit. Another fungus is an anamorphic fungus that produces synnemata up to 50 mm long from which dendritic conidiophores branch out. Unicellular conidia are holoblastically produced on a sympodially proliferating conidiogenous cell. Such morphological characters resemble those of the genus Geniculosporium. However, its distinctive synnema formation and dendritic conidiophores do not assign the fungus to Geniculosporium or other known genera and warrant establishment of a new genus. The phylogenetic tree based on the ITS regions of rDNA shows that the fungus is nested in the cluster of the genus Nemania (Xylariaceae), whose species have mainly Geniculosporium-like anamorphs. We describe here the present anamorphic fungus as Geniculisynnema termiticola gen. et sp. nov., and discuss its phylogenetic and ecological relationships to xylariaceous fungi, especially termiticolous species.     

Penzigomyces catalonicus, a new species of hyphomycetes from Spain

Penzigomyces catalonicus sp. nov., collected on dead branches of an unknown tree species in Spain, is described and illustrated. This fungus is characterized by short, dark brown, percurrent conidiophores, usually doliiform conidiogenous cells and ellipsoidal or slightly obclavate, (2-)3-4(-6) euseptate, thin-walled conidia. The new taxon is compared with species from other morphologically similar genera, and a key to the known species of Penzigomyces is provided.     

Two new <Emphasis Type="Italic">Corollospora</Emphasis> species and one new anamorph based on morphological and molecular data

Two new species of the genus Corollospora, namely, C. anglusa sp. nov. with its anamorph Varicosporina anglusa sp. nov. and C. portsaidica sp. nov., which were isolated from the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt, are described in this article based on morphological and molecular evidence. The two new species have one-septate ascospores. Corollospora anglusa resembles C. gracilis by having narrow one-septate hyaline ascospores; however, they differ in ascomata and ascospore dimensions and in pure culture characteristics. Single-ascospore culture of C. anglusa produces the conidia of its anamorph, whereas an anamorph has not been reported for C. gracilis. Varicosporina anglusa differs from the other two known Varicosporina species by having conidial branches that are filamentous, rectangularly branched, hypha like, and disarticulated into two- or one-celled fragments. Corollospora portsaidica is morphologically similar to C. cinnamomea, but the two species differ in the dimensions, shape, and ornamentation of the ascospores. The new Corollospora species were confirmed to be divergent from other similar Corollospora species based on phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the LSU rDNA region.     

Taxonomic and faunistic studies of the Sepsidae (Diptera) from Vietnam,with descriptions of six new species

A total of 52 species belonging to nine genera of the Sepsidae are reported from Vietnam. Of these, six species (Dicranosepsis splendifica sp. nov., D. trochanteris sp. nov., Mucha rectotibialis sp. nov., Perochaeta exilis sp. nov., Sepsis nigriminima sp. nov. and S. silvicola sp. nov.) are described as new to science. Eighteen species are newly recorded from Vietnam. Toxopoda pseudoviduata Ozerov, 2010 is synonymized with T. cavata Iwasa, 2008. The faunal composition of Vietnamese Sepsidae is divided into six groups based on distributional data and discussed. A key to the species of Vietnamese Sepsidae is also provided.