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本文对河南官庄遗址两周时期人牙结石开展了淀粉粒分析,发现了数量丰富的淀粉粒以及少量植硅体。可鉴定形态的淀粉粒主要来自粟、黍、小麦、小豆等农作物以及坚果、块茎植物;植硅体中则有来自水稻颖片的双峰型植硅体。此次研究表明官庄先民食物来源广泛,包括多种农作物和采集植物,其中粟黍类农作物在食物构成中占据主要地位,而小麦所占比例很可能已仅次于粟黍。结合包括官庄遗址和周边若干遗址的浮选结果,两周时期中原腹心地区仍是北方传统的粟作农业,但农作物种植已明显多样化;与此同时,小麦在农作物体系中的重要性增加,中原地区农作物种植体系由以粟黍为主转向以小麦为主的趋势已经出现。 相似文献
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2017年7月4日-6日,由浙江大学文物与博物馆学系主办、浦江博物馆协办的\"中国史前与先秦时期人类生活方式研讨会\"在浙江大学西溪校区召开。会议旨在促进多学科视角与观念交织碰撞的学术活力,加强我国在史前考古、科技考古等研究方面所取得的最新成果和研究理念的交流。本次会议涌现出众多新方法、新观点、新面孔,来自国内外多家高校、考古所和博物馆的四十余名代表参会,献上了二十六个精彩的报告,并在会后前往上山遗址参观考察。 相似文献
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湖北省外来入侵生物及其与社会经济活动的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用实地调查和查阅文献的方法,系统地研究了湖北省外来入侵生物的发生概况,分析了其传入途径及其与人类活动的关系。结果表明,当前湖北省共有外来入侵物种163种。其中,植物病原微生物14种,水生杂草3种,陆生杂草101种,水生无脊椎动物2种,陆生无脊椎动物17种,两栖爬行类3种,鱼类18种,哺乳类5种。在外来入侵杂草中,菊科最多（32种）,占总数的30.8%;禾本科次之（11种）;豆科排第3位（10种）。外来生物入侵湖北省的主要途径有2类：（1）有目的引进,占入侵物种总数的53.4%;（2）无意带入,占入侵物种总数的46.6%。1990-2009年,湖北省的外来入侵物种数随该省的GDP、入境旅游人数、进出口总额和交通密度的增加而明显上升。因此,在大力发展经济的同时,有必要进一步加强引种监管,严格执行检疫措施,以防止新的外来生物入侵。同时,需开展外来入侵生物的防控技术研究,以遏制已入侵物种的传播蔓延,控制其危害。 相似文献
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为克服现有“两型社会”评价中存在的主观性强、不易处理高维数据等缺陷,提出了基于投影寻踪法的武汉市“两型社会”评价新方法。从资源、环境、经济、社会四个子系统出发,构建了武汉市\"两型社会\"评价指标体系;选取武汉市2000-2009年数据作为样本,将多维评价指标值投影为一维投影数据;引入加速遗传算法,优化投影指标函数寻求最佳投影方向;根据投影值大小对武汉市2000-2009年“两型社会”发展状况进行比较,利用最佳投影方向信息研究了各个指标对武汉市”两型社会“发展的影响程度。研究结果表明,2000-2009年,武汉市“两型社会”建设呈现出良好的发展态势,建成区绿化覆盖率、人均公共绿地面积、第三产业增加值占GDP比重、空气质量优良率、每千人口医院床位数、工业用水重复利用率、每万人在校大学生人数、单位GDP能耗、每万人拥有公共交通车辆等指标是武汉市“两型社会”建设的重要驱动因素。对此就武汉市建设“两型社会”提出了对策和建议。最后,指出投影寻踪模型为城市\"两型社会\"发展综合评价提供了一种值得探索和尝试的新方法。 相似文献
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《环境昆虫学报》2013,35(4):452-457
为了明确不同体色生物型桃蚜Myzus persicae (Suizer)对药剂的敏感性差异,本文采用室内生物测定和酶活力测定法检测不同体色生物型桃蚜对杀虫剂的敏感性以及与3种解毒酶和1种靶标酶活力关系。结果表明,红色生物型的敏感性明显低于绿色生物型,其中对吡虫啉的敏感性差异最大,LC50分别为6796648和284597 mg/L,红色为绿色生物型2388倍;其次为毒死蜱,LC50分别为12295798和1936816 mg/L,红色为绿色生物型635倍;两种生物型桃蚜对阿维菌素敏感性差异最小,红、绿色生物型的LC50分别为311678 和290966 mg/L,红色为绿色生物型107倍。红色生物型体内3种解毒酶（羧酸酯酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和多功能氧化酶P450）的比活力均高于绿色生物型,红色型羧酸酯酶比活力为绿色型的31倍,谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶为41倍,多功能氧化酶P450为15倍,两种体色生物型3种解毒酶的活力差异均达显著水平。两种体色生物型体内乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力没有差异,说明乙酰胆碱酯酶比活力与敏感性关系不大。 相似文献
6.
文章介绍了基因组研究领域快速发展的两个方向：非编码序列、非编码基因和非编码RNA以及生物网络和系统生物学,也讨论了他们对生物信息学的影响。 相似文献
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本文对周原齐家东M24墓主骨骼进行了生物考古学研究,发现其右侧胫、腓骨下端1/5处为截肢后畸形愈合;胫骨生理长缩短约5 cm,足部离断后缺失。结合创伤情况、考古学背景及文献实物资料,该个体生前极有可能遭受了“惩罚性截肢”,即刖刑。商周时期刖刑的致死率极高,施刑工具可能有青铜刀锯、钻头、石块等,除拉切外还伴有砍砸行为。被刖之人康复后需拄杖行走并承担守门之责,社会地位低下、饮食状况不佳且饱受他人歧视,境遇十分悲惨。周原齐家东M24墓主是我国经过系统研究且年代最早的截肢病例,也是目前所见最为疑似刖刑的首例个体,为深入了解西周时期的刑罚体系、医疗水平及社会观念等提供了生动资料。 相似文献
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This paper aims to investigate human foodstuffs and lifestyle during the Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasties in the core area of the Central Plains using starch grain analysis of human dental calculus. Plant microfossils,starch grains and phytoliths,which were found in most calculus samples from the Guanzhuang site,were from millets,bread wheat,rice,adzuki,tubers and acorns.Diversity of starch grains and phytoliths extracted from dental calculus and analyzed for their morphological characteristics indicates that a variety of starchy plants,including crops and gathered plants,were consumed by the Guanzhuang inhabitants. Millets were dominant in the human diet of the Guanzhuang site. Bread wheat was of secondary importance. Combined with the macrobotanical evidence from the Guanzhuang and other neighboring sites,a traditional millet agricultural system still existed in the core area of the Central Plains when the multiple cropping system had emerged in this region. Meanwhile,the importance of bread wheat increased in the agricultural system during the Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasties and a change in the cropping system from millet-dominant to bread wheat-dominant ocurred. 相似文献
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In this research, the degenerative joint disease(DJD) of vertebral bodies and ossification of ligamentum flavum(OLF) in samples from location 1 of Xinglonggou site in Chifeng city were studied by methods of bioarchaeology. A standard for recording the severity of vertebral osteophytosis and OLF was set, and statistical methods were used to study the prevalence and severity of these diseases. The contrast analysis of both sexes revealed significant difference, primarily presented by the higher prevalence of DJD in males’ cervical vertebrae and that in females’ lumbar vertebrae. The comparative study of OLF showed that the prevalence in males’ thoracic vertebrae was higher than that in females’. The comparison between Xinglonggou and comparative groups revealed that the prevalence of DJD in Xinglonggou’s lumbar vertebrae and cervical vertebrae was relatively high, and it also confirmed the significant difference in morbidity between both sexes. The comparison of OLF presented the significant difference in prevalence between Xinglonggou and other groups. The morbidity of Xinglonggou population should not be associated with their subsistent pattern categorically. The prevalence and severity of these diseases could only reflect the load carried by vertebrae in the spine, and the different load indicated the difference in activity patterns. Researches in some other ways are recommended to acquire information about their activity pattern in detail, and the importance of establishing a uniform standard for paleopathological research ought to be considered seriously. 相似文献
11.
对赤峰兴隆沟遗址第一地点出土的人类椎骨上椎体的退行性关节病(DJD)和黄韧带骨化(OLF)进行了生物考古学研究,制订了这两种病症患病程度的分级记录标准,并对患病率和患病程度均值进行了统计分析。对两性的对比发现DJD的差异主要体现在男性颈椎患病较多而女性腰椎患病较多,OLF的主要差异则是男性胸椎患病率显著高于女性。通过与对比组的比较,发现兴隆沟组腰椎、颈椎DJD患病率相对较高,并再次验证了两性患病情况存在的明显差异;兴隆沟组OLF患病率与对比组也有显著差异。兴隆沟组的椎骨患病情况不一定与生业模式有关,只反映了脊柱承受负荷的情况,其差异暗示行为模式上的差异。建议开展其他方面研究以详细了解其行为模式,同时要重视建立统一的古病理研究标准的重要性。 相似文献
12.
ZHANG Quanchao 《人类学学报》2015,34(01):75
This paper reports on an anthropometric study of human remains recovered from the Shuangta site (2500 BP), a Bronze Age cemetery site located in the western part of Jilin Province. In 2007, the site was excavated jointly by the Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University and the Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology of Jilin. It is estimated that the cemetery is dated between late stage of the Spring and Autumn period and early stage of the Warring States period based on artefacts, shapes of the tombs and radiocarbon dating. The radiocarbon dating was conducted by the AMS Lab of Peking University and the charcoal from the II M14 was dated to 2420±35 BP (half-life period of 14C is 5568 BP). The skeletal specimens are unique in the east district of Khorchin Sand Land at present and plays an important roles in studying the ancient racial type and also becomes an gauge in studying the archaeological culture in this region. These specimens were collected from the tombs of Phase 3 belongting to the East Zhou period and are relatively rare in Northeast China. Even more importantly, the East Zhou period is an important time that the nomadic people of the Mongolian Plateau immigrated to the south. This movement brought changes to archaeological culture, technology and life style. Those specimens from the Shuangta site filled the void and changed the situation that there were no human remains in this period. Nine ancient human skulls (6 males, 3 females) unearthed from the Shuangta site were studied. The physical age of the specimens is estimated from skeletal indicators, primarily pubic symphyseal morphology and relative dental wear, and the sex is determined primarily on the basis of the pelvic form and some features supplemented by the crania. Non-metric traits are as follows: cranial shape is ovoid; superciliary arch is strong among males and weak among females; structure of cranial vault sutures is simple. Males shows strong mastoid process while the female is weak. The majority of the individuals have orthorhombic orbit shapes and pear-shaped piriform apertures. The lower edge of the piriform aperture of male is dominated by fossao praenasales while the female is infantile form. As to the spina nasalis anterior, both the male and female show the low trait. The canine fossa is less obvious. The nasion depression is shown as 0 level while the shape of pterion is shape H. The shape of palate is oval and shape U while the palatine torus is dominated by ridge-like shape. The shape of chin is mainly shown as square and circular. Metric traits are as follows: cranial shape is brachycrany, orthocrany and mesocrany with large face width and low upper facial height. The other indexs show the characteristic of chamaeconchy, mesorrhiny and euryprosopy. The female has a shorter and wider cranial shape compared with the male. The authors applied anthropometrical methods to quantify the human skulls. The morphological features of the Shuangta crania show a racial type closely related to the modern North Asiatic Mongoloids and physical characteristics of these skulls indicate that they have close characteristic of those in the modern Mongolia population. The authors took a research on the racial type of the ancient groups in the Northeast China before Qin Dynasty, and pointed out the course of “Ancient Mongolian Plateau Type” distribution in this area. The main racial type of the Shuangta population are likely immigrants from ancient Mongolian Plateau. Migrating from the north Mongolian Plateau, “Ancient Mongolian Plateau Type” broke the pattern of racial type in the Northeast China region and brought there welldeveloped stock breeding industry. This brings a comprehensive change in the aspect of archaeological culture, technology and subsistence strategies. It lays a foundation for the final formation of Northern Nomads belt along the Great Wall of China. 相似文献
13.
吉林省白城市双塔遗址东周时期人骨研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
双塔遗址是近年来松嫩平原先秦时期最为重要的考古发现,该遗址为建立白城西部乃至科尔沁沙地东部地区汉以前考古学文化的编年序列,廓清相关诸考古学文化的谱系关系,奠定了重要基础;为判断同类遗存年代提供了重要标尺,特别是东周时期人骨标本的发现,是迄今在科尔沁沙地东部地区发现的唯一一份保存较为完整的人骨资料。本文对出土9例东周时期的颅骨(男性6例,女性3例)进行了体质人类学的研究,该组颅骨在种族特征上可归入现代亚洲蒙古人种中的北亚人种范围。在若干古代和现代对比组中,双塔组东周时期居民的体质特征与井沟子东周时期居民、近代蒙古人最为接近,属于先秦时期我国北方地区的\"古蒙古高原类型\",佐证了这一时期该地区的人口流动。 相似文献
14.
Efthymia Nikita 《American journal of physical anthropology》2021,174(1):140-143
Documented skeletal collections constitute a key resource in forensic anthropological and bioarchaeological research as they allow both the development of methods for the estimation of various parameters of an individual's biological profile, and the examination of the accuracy of existing methods in different skeletal assemblages. The acknowledgement of the utility of documented collections is attested by the large number of such collections across the world. The current review will focus on two modern reference collections in Greece, briefly presenting their composition, the research projects in which they have been employed, and future prospects for their use. 相似文献
15.
The skulls of Qidan nationality studied in this paper were excavated from the Liao dyna-sty tombs in Shanzuizi site, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia. The cranial. materials (9males and 3 females) are all adult skulls (22- -50 years of age). The article described the morphological features of Shanzuizi crania in some details and discussed the problems concer nedwith the racial relationship between the Shanzuizi crania and other modern and ancient cra-nia of Asiatic Mongoloids.<br>The characteristics of the crania are as follows: The cranial shapes in norma verticalisbelong to ellipsoid and ovoid. According to the cranial length-breadth index, cranial length-height index and cranial breadth-height index, their cranial forms belong tobrachycrany,orthocrany and tapeinocrany. The cranial vault sutures are uncomplicated in their structures.The transition between the lower margin of zygomatic process of the maxilla and the inferiormargin of zygomatic bone is rough in most of the crania. Their faces are wide. (141.56 mm)and very flat (the naso-malar angle is 150.06). Their nasal bones are low and flat (the simo-tic index is 31.60) and the nasal index shows that their nasal shapes belong to mesorrhiny. Theshape of orbit is low and wide (the orbital index I is 77.50).<br>The physical features of Shanzuizi crania show that the racial type of Qidan nationalityin Liao dynasty is mainly related to the modern Siberia Mongoloids (Northern Asiatic Mongoloids), but some characteristics of individual skulls show that they may be mixed with somephysical elements of the Eastern Asiatic Mongoloids or the Arctic Mongoloids (Northeastern Asiatic Mongoloids). In comparison with some ancient and moderncrania,the Shanzuizicrania are mostly similar to the crania of Xianbei nationality in Han dynasty and the modernMongolian crania. 相似文献