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1.
体质量推算作为体质人类学的一项重要研究方法,为衡量古代居民体型提供了新的途径,同时也为解决考古学、历史学问题提供了新的研究思路。本文通过\"生物力学\"和\"形态测量学\"两种方法对内蒙古和林格尔县土城子遗址2005年出土的34例战国时期人骨标本进行了体质量推算。统计分析结果表明,该组男性居民的平均体质量约为67.21kg,女性居民的平均体质量约为54.63kg,男女两性之间的差异显著。通过与战国时期内蒙古长城地带井沟子居民的比较分析,土城子男性居民在平均体质量上明显大于井沟子男性居民,并且体质量值整体分布偏高,而女性组则差异不显著。结合考古学、历史学相关研究材料,该数据为土城子居民为戍边军士的身份提供了进一步的证据。  相似文献   

2.
姜寨遗址先民食谱分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
尽管通过C、N稳定同位素分析已对陕西临潼姜寨遗址先民的食物结构和粟作农业进行了初步探索,但研究中的一些重要问题,如不同时期先民食物结构的演变,姜寨与半坡、史家先民食物结构间的差异等,依然未能深入讨论。为此,本文对姜寨遗址出土的不同时期(一期、二期)人骨进行了C、N稳定同位素分析,试图揭示先民食物结构的演变历程,探索姜寨与半坡、史家先民食物结构间的差异,并初步探讨产生这种差异的可能原因。人骨的δ13C平均值(-9.7±1.0‰)和δ15 N平均值(8.5±0.5‰),表明粟类食物(包括粟类作物以及依赖于粟类作物的动物等)在姜寨先民食谱中占据主要地位,且动物资源在食物中的比例相对较低。两期先民的δ13C和δ15N值,无显著性差异,表明先民一直从事粟作农业以及家畜的饲养活动。食谱分析并未发现第二期先民食用更多野生动物的证据,这可能与先民样品量相对偏少、二期先民食用的野生动物比例上升较小、动物类食物在先民食谱中所占比例较小等原因有关。对比地理位置毗邻、文化年代相近的姜寨、史家、半坡遗址先民δ13C值,姜寨(-9.7±1.0‰,N=19)与史家(-10.0±0.7‰,N=9)接近,而远高于半坡(-14.8±1.9‰,N=5),表明半坡遗址粟作农业的种植规模要逊于姜寨和史家遗址。我们认为,不同遗址间先民δ13C值的差异,可能受半坡样品量偏少、遗址间小生态环境不同等因素的影响。  相似文献   

3.
本文通过对郑州青台遗址新石器时代中晚期91例个体、1913枚牙齿罹患龋齿的统计与分析可知,青台人群患龋率为71.43%,龋齿率为13.38%。其中,龋齿率女性高于男性,可能与女性孕期生理变化、食物选择及性别分工等有关。上颌龋齿率高于下颌,臼齿及咬合面为龋齿易患齿类及部位。通过对比可知青台人群显示出较高的龋齿罹患率,暗示该人群饮食中应包含较多的碳水化合物类食物,这可能与新石器时代中晚期黄河中游发达的旱作农业有关。此外,龋齿率在黄河及长江中、下游新石器时代农业人群中的区域性差异可能与龋病病因的复杂性和各地区不同的文化面貌、人群生活方式有关。  相似文献   

4.
本文对呼伦贝尔地区扎赉诺尔、团结和东乌珠尔早期鲜卑墓地出土的人和动物骨骼进行了稳定同位素分析,以期揭示早期鲜卑的食物结构和生计方式。C、N稳定同位素分析结果表明,早期鲜卑人的食物来源兼具C_3类和C_4类,其中C_4类食物很可能来自其从事的少量粟作农业。人具有较高的δ~(15)N值,且与动物的δ~(15)N值差异较大,表明人的营养级较高,肉食资源在食物结构中占据较大比重,这可能来自于早期鲜卑人所从事的游牧及狩猎经济的贡献。C、N、S稳定同位素分析结果表明,动物和人的食物来源来自于当地的陆生系统,而个体马(DW M3(1))具有较高的δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值以及明显不同于其他样品的异常高的δ~(34)S值,说明此个体可能属于来自于其他地质环境的\"外来者\"。  相似文献   

5.
肢骨的形态结构可以反映人类进化、古代人群的生存适应性活动和生存环境等重要信息。基于“骨骼功能适应”和“杠杆原理”,有学者对不同生计方式的古代人群下肢股骨开展了大量的研究工作,但是,国内外尚未有关于农业人群和游牧人群股骨之间差异性研究的报道。本文选取两个具有代表性的古代人群,即内蒙古和林格尔土城子戍边农业人群和内蒙古林西井沟子游牧人群进行对比研究。通过对股骨骨干中部横断面生物力学分析发现,农业人群股骨粗壮度与游牧人群之间具有显著差异。前者的平均粗壮度较大,后者女性组下肢骨的活动强度明显较小,这可能与游牧人群经常从事骑马活动而下肢骨活动强度相对较少有关。农业人群股骨指数的变异范围均大于游牧人群,这可能与前者男性的士兵身份有关;同时,也提示土城子男性组股骨所反映的行为活动信息并不代表真正意义上的纯农业人群下肢骨行为模式,而是一种农业和士兵行为的混合模式。在性别分工上,井沟子组的男女性均从事骑马活动,两侧股骨受力较为一致,在两侧不对称性程度和骨干横断面形状上的男女差异不大;男性股骨的粗壮度要明显大于女性,这与井沟子组男性还从事一定的狩猎行为有关。与游牧人群女性较为纤细的股骨不同,土城子组女性作为典型的农业人群代表,其下肢骨整体的活动强度较大,几乎与同组的男性和井沟子组男性相当,组内的性别差异相对较小;骨干横断面形状的显著性差异说明,土城子组内部男性和女性的行为活动方式存在明显的性别分工。本文研究结果说明农业人群女性的下肢骨活动强度较大,在行为活动方式上,戍边农业人群具有更为明显的性别分工。  相似文献   

6.
气候变化对内蒙古中东部沙地-湿地镶嵌景观的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用小波分析和遥感技术相结合的方法,研究了气候变化对1961—2005年内蒙古中东部沙地-湿地镶嵌景观的影响.结果表明:1961—2005年,研究区年均气温呈直线上升趋势,增温率为0.32 ℃·(10 a)-1,年降水量变化呈现30 a的长周期和15 a的短周期,年均风速呈下降趋势,10 a的风速减小率为0.26 m·s-1;研究区东南部存在一个气候变化恒定区域,由此恒定区向西北进入浑善达克沙地腹地,向东逐步进入科尔沁沙地腹地;2010年以前,研究区仍将维持气温升高、降水偏少、风速减小的趋势;受气候暖干化的影响,浑善达克沙地及其周围湿地的总面积呈逐年缩小趋势,随着沙地内部植被的退化,流动沙地不断扩大、湿地萎缩、湖泊干涸,而相应的固定和半固定沙地面积则明显减少.  相似文献   

7.
为了探究内蒙古大兴安岭北部区域水循环及其水汽来源,本研究基于2022年6月—2024年5月在大兴安岭森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站采集的降水样品,运用后向轨迹模型、潜在源贡献分析法和浓度权重轨迹分析法,分析当地降水同位素特征及环境影响因子,探讨了不同季节水汽来源及潜在蒸发源区。结果表明:研究区降水同位素具有显著的季节差异,暖季富集、冷季贫化;局地降水线的斜率(7.82)低于全球,渐伐林降水线的斜率(6.57)低于原始林(7.39),表明渐伐林区降水受二次蒸馏效应的影响较强。研究期及冷季降水温度效应显著,相关系数为0.85和0.94,而降水量效应在研究期间并不显著。暖季水汽主要源于西风水汽(48.9%)和陆地蒸发水汽(31.9%),冷季则以西风水汽(66.9%)和北冰洋水汽(42.9%)为主;暖季的潜在蒸发源区主要位于研究区西北部、北部和东南部,冷季则集中在西北部和北部。  相似文献   

8.
稳定同位素分析技术近年来发展为复原古代民族食物结构、社会经济模式的有效手段。本文在应用该技术对庙子沟新石器时代遗址出土人骨中的C、N同位素比值进行了测定。结果显示,庙子沟新石器时代居民日常饮食习惯中保持着相当比例的动物性食物摄入,植物类食物的摄入中以C4类植物为主。结合其他相关资料,我们认为该组居民是以农业生产方式为主,狩猎业、采集业和渔猎业在经济生活中占据重要地位。本文的研究结果可以为复原新石器时代北方农牧交错带居民的经济模式研究提供有益的线索。  相似文献   

9.
对从新疆、内蒙古和内地7处考古遗址出土的古代居民牙齿磨耗、牙齿疾病、牙齿生前脱落及咀嚼肌发育情况进行的观察和对比发现生活在青铜-铁器时代的新疆和内蒙古居民牙齿平均磨耗与内地新石器时代居民大体接近.在磨耗方式上,新疆和内蒙古居民呈现出一些可能反映其生活或行为方式的特殊磨耗.龋齿病和牙齿生前脱落的出现率在边疆和内地居民具有明显的差别,表现为内地居民龋齿发病率高,而边疆居民牙齿生前脱落更普遍.另外,新疆和内蒙古居民上下颌骨出现有发育显著的骨质隆起.作者认为生活在青铜-铁器时代的新疆和内蒙古居民与同时期,甚至时代更早的内地居民相比,食物更为粗糙坚硬、含颗粒成分高;出现在新疆和内蒙古居民牙齿的局部或特殊磨耗、牙齿生前脱落、颌骨骨质隆起等现象说明边疆地区的居民生活环境比较恶劣,经常需要用牙齿啃咬坚硬的物品,或将牙齿作为工具使用.此外,龋齿病出现率的明显差别说明边疆居民谷物类富含碳水化合物的食物的摄入比例较内地居民为低.本文的发现进一步提示青铜-铁器时代的新疆和内蒙古地区,居民的社会经济生活中狩猎-采集仍占有较为重要的地位,农业经济的比重相对较低.  相似文献   

10.
刘雨  高光耀  李宗善  王聪  田立德 《生态学报》2023,43(19):7924-7935
水分是干旱半干旱地区植被生长的主要限制因子,水分利用是反映植被对环境变化响应的关键生态水文过程。目前缺少对干旱半干旱区草原不同科、属植物水分利用特征差异的系统分析,且植物水分利用特征与环境因子的定量关系需要进一步研究。在内蒙古荒漠草原进行样带调查,采集7个样地0—100 cm深度土壤样品和15种植物根茎结合部(茎秆)、叶片样品,测定土壤水、植物水中δ2H和δ18O和植物叶片δ13C的同位素,利用MixSIAR模型确定不同科、属植物水分来源比例,分析不同科、属植物水分利用来源和水分利用效率的差异,并建立植物水分来源比例及水分利用效率与各环境因子的定量关系。结果表明:(1)禾本科和菊科植物主要利用0—30 cm深度土壤水(55.63%和51.84%),其叶片δ13C(-26.61‰和-27.91‰)均低于其他科(包括柽柳科、藜科和蔷薇科)(-26.36‰),且其他科主要利用60—100 cm深度土壤水(36.83%),水分利用策略更有利于在干旱条件下生存。(2)针茅属植物对0—30 cm深度土壤水的利用...  相似文献   

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Although human dietary evidence from the Jiangzhai site has already been investigated, there are some important issues that have not been discussed clearly, such as whether these human diets changed between periods, and whether there were any differences in human diets among the Banpo, Shijia and Jiangzhai sites. Considering these concerns, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis on ancient human bones from the Jiangzhai site was reanalyzed. The values of carbon isotopes of human bone collagen(-11.5‰~-8.5‰, with a mean value of-9.7±1.0‰, N=14) and the archaeological remains of millet(C4 plant) revealed that millet was the primary food resource for humans. The values of nitrogen isotope(7.8‰~9.7‰, with a mean value of 8.5±0.5‰, N=14) suggested that animal resources contributed a low proportion of the human diets. There was no correlation between human δ13C data and δ15N data, which suggested that the ancient human diet from this site was mainly based on highly developed millet agriculture at that time. In addition, there was no significant difference in the human diets between the two periods, which was a different result from the archaeozoological results. This result was probably because that the sample size of humans was small,the ratio of wild animal meat in human diets in the second period increased only a little, and meat was not a significant resource to human diets in both periods. Although the nearby Jiangzhai, Shijia and Banpo sites belonged to the same period, the mean δ13C value of human bones from the Jiangzhai site(-9.7±1.0‰, N=19) was similar to that of the Shijia site(-10.0±0.7‰, N=9), but much higher than that of the Banpo site(-14.8±1.9‰, N=5).These results suggested that millet agriculture at the Banpo site was inferior to that of the Jiangzhai and Shijia sites, which might be related to the small sample size of humans at the Banpo site and the differing paleoenvironments of these three sites.  相似文献   

13.
The ratios of 15N to 14N and 13C to 12C tend to be higher in marine than in terrestrial organisms. The concentrations of these isotopes in human bone collagen consequently can be used to make inferences about the contribution of marine and terrestrial resources to prehistoric diets. The utility of studying 15N/14N and 13C/12C ratios in conjunction with each other is illustrated by our analysis of 40 human burials from archaeological sites in the Santa Barbara Channel area of southern California. The mean delta 13C and delta 15N values (in per mil) of collagen from these skeletons decrease progressively from the Channel Islands (delta 13C = -14.0, delta 15N = +16.3) to the mainland coast (delta 13C = -14.5, delta 15N = +14.9) to the interior (delta 13C = -17.2, delta 15N = +10.9). These data suggest that Indians living on the Channel Islands during the late prehistoric period were heavily dependent on marine resources. The inhabitants of the mainland interior, in contrast, had a diet composed largely of terrestrial foods. From their isotope ratios, it appears that the Indians who lived on the mainland coast consumed a mixed diet containing substantial quantities of both marine and terrestrial resources. Differences in 15N/14N and 13C/12C ratios of individuals from mainland sites dating from the early and late prehistoric periods show that the marine component of the diet increased substantially through time. These isotopic data are consistent with pathological, faunal, and artifactual evidence of increased marine resource exploitation during the late prehistoric period.  相似文献   

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The Weijiawopu site is located in Weijiawopu village in the city of Chifeng, Inner Mongolia. This site is a Ring Trench Settlement, which belongs to the Middle period of Hongshan Neolithic Culture. During the 2009-2011 excavation, many pottery flat-bottom tanks were unearthed with dark ash inside, which was collected for the plant residue analysis. Tanks without dark ash were also examined for the surface residues. From six specimens, starch grains were found after the laboratory processing. These starch grains could be classified into four groups, and identified to be from millet, plant underground storage organ, possibly nut and unidentifiable species. The tanks are thus speculated to be utensils for food stuff, for storage or transportation. The existence of plant underground storage organ indicates that the Weijiawopu occupants still gathered wild plants during the occupation time when they already domest icated crops.  相似文献   

15.
魏家窝铺遗址位于内蒙古赤峰市红山区文钟镇魏家窝铺村,是一处大型的红山文化中期环壕聚落遗址。在2009-2011年发掘出土的陶器中,许多平底器类标本内壁表面都发现有细腻的黑色灰烬,我们对这些灰烬和几件不含灰烬的陶器标本进行了植物残留物提取和鉴定,从六份样品中观测到了植物淀粉粒,这些淀粉粒可根据形态分为四种类型,分别代表了禾本科、植物地下储藏器官、疑似坚果的植物种类和未知种类。大量的禾本科淀粉粒在形态上与粟类(小米)淀粉粒极为相似,加之遗址中出土的大量炭化粟,我们推测,这些陶罐中的黑色灰烬为内部盛装的粟炭化分解所致,这些陶器正是红山文化中的食物储藏器。存在的其他类型淀粉粒表明,尽管魏家窝铺遗址出土的植物遗存已显示了较为确凿的农业经济,但采集经济也仍占有重要地位。  相似文献   

16.
旨在构建内蒙古白绒山羊(Capra hircus)淋巴样增强因子-1(Lymphoid enhancer factor,LEF1)基因真核表达载体并转染胎儿成纤维细胞,获得稳定表达红色荧光蛋白及毛囊特异性表达LEF1的转基因细胞克隆。以pCDsRed2载体为基本骨架将LEF1基因亚克隆到KAP6-1启动子下游,连接红色荧光蛋白表达元件,构建LEF1基因毛囊特异表达载体pCDsRed-KL。外源表达载体以lipofectamineTM2000介导转染胎儿成纤维细胞,通过G418筛选获得稳定转染的细胞克隆。PCR鉴定外源基因在细胞基因组中的整合。测序显示构建的表达载体pCDsRed-KL序列中,LEF1基因正确连接在KAP6-1启动子下游,顺序连接CMV启动子和红色荧光蛋白基因,载体构建正确。脂质体介导的稳定转染效率约为14.0%,经G418筛选得到高效表达红色荧光蛋白转基因细胞克隆。PCR检测显示外源KAP6-1启动子和LEF1基因整合到胎儿成纤维细胞基因组中。  相似文献   

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This paper carries on a detailed research on the anthropological characteristics of 7 Skulls (male 5, female 2) unearthed from the tombs of Warring States period at Lingkou, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province. All the skulls are between the ages of 12 to 30. The research result shows that the Lingkou skulls are closest to those of East Asia Mongoloid of Modern populations. The basic physical characteristic of Lingkou population is closer to Baoji-Guanzhong Group among Neolithic populations of China; it is also closer to Shangma Group and the Group Ⅱ of Small Tombs of Yinxu among populations of Bronze Age; closer to Northern Chinese among modern Chinese.  相似文献   

18.
周春茂 《人类学学报》2002,21(3):199-209
本文对陕西省临潼县零口村遗址发掘出土的战国秦墓颅骨的人类学特征进行了研究。该组颅骨的种族特征可归入现代亚洲蒙古人种的东亚人种范畴。在若干近代和古代对比组中 ,零口组的基本体质类型与近代华北组、新石器时代的宝鸡组和关中合并组、青铜时代的上马组和殷墟中小墓②组最为接近。  相似文献   

19.
  总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Phillips DL  Newsome SD  Gregg JW 《Oecologia》2005,144(4):520-527
Stable isotope mixing models are often used to quantify source contributions to a mixture. Examples include pollution source identification; trophic web studies; analysis of water sources for soils, plants; or water bodies, and many others. A common problem is having too many sources to allow a unique solution. We discuss two alternative procedures for addressing this problem. One option is a priori to combine sources with similar signatures so the number of sources is small enough to provide a unique solution. Aggregation should be considered only when isotopic signatures of clustered sources are not significantly different, and sources are related so the combined source group has some functional significance. For example, in a food web analysis, lumping several species within a trophic guild allows more interpretable results than lumping disparate food sources, even if they have similar isotopic signatures. One result of combining mixing model sources is increased uncertainty of the combined end-member isotopic signatures and consequently the source contribution estimates; this effect can be quantified using the IsoError model (). As an alternative to lumping sources before a mixing analysis, the IsoSource mixing model () can be used to find all feasible solutions of source contributions consistent with isotopic mass balance. While ranges of feasible contributions for each individual source can often be quite broad, contributions from functionally related groups of sources can be summed a posteriori, producing a range of solutions for the aggregate source that may be considerably narrower. A paleohuman dietary analysis example illustrates this method, which involves a terrestrial meat food source, a combination of three terrestrial plant foods, and a combination of three marine foods. In this case, a posteriori aggregation of sources allowed strong conclusions about temporal shifts in marine versus terrestrial diets that would not have otherwise been discerned.  相似文献   

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