Dactylogyrids (Monogenoidea) parasitizing the gills of spinefoots (Teleostei: Siganidae): proposal of Glyphidohaptor n. gen., with two new species from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and G. plectocirra n. comb. from Ras Mohammed National Park, Egypt

Nine species of Siganus (Perciformes: Siganidae) were examined for dactylogyrids (Monogenoidea) from the Red Sea, Egypt; the Great Barrier Reef, Australia; and the South China Sea, China. Species of Tetrancistrum were found on siganids from all 3 localities; Pseudohaliotrema spp. were restricted to siganids from the Great Barrier Reef; and species representing Glyphidohaptor n. gen. were found on siganids from the Red Sea and Great Barrier Reef. Siganus argenteus from the Red Sea and Siganus vulpinus from the Great Barrier Reef were negative for dactylogyrid parasites. Glyphidohaptor n. gen. is proposed for 3 species (2 species new to science) and the new species are described: Glyphidohaptor phractophallus n. sp. from Siganus fuscescens from the Great Barrier Reef; Glyphidohaptor sigani n. sp. from Siganus doliatus (type host), Siganus punctatus, Siganus corallinus, and Siganus lineatus from the Great Barrier Reef; and Glyphidohaptor plectocirra (Paperna, 1972) n. comb. (= Pseudohaliotrema plectocirra Paperna, 1972) from Siganus luridus and Siganus rivulatus from the Red Sea.     

Glyphidohaptor safiensis n. sp. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) from the white-spotted rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus (Park) (Perciformes: Siganidae) off Oman,with notes on its phylogenetic position within the Ancyrocephalidae Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1968 (sensu lato)

A new ancyrocephalid monogenean is described from the gills of wild White-spottedrabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus (Park) based on morphological and molecular analyses. Glyphidohaptor safiensis n. sp. can be distinguished from other members of the genus by the shape of the accessory piece of the male copulatory organ (MCO). Unlike its congeners, the rod-shaped accessory piece of G. safiensis n. sp. is distally broad and flattened. The MCO of G. safiensis n. sp. is curved, enclosed in a heavy sheath with a terminal flap. Partial large subunit (LSU), partial small subunit (SSU) and the partial SSU, entire internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) and partial 5.8S rDNA of the new species and two species of Tetrancistrum Goto & Kikuchi, 1917 from the same host and locality were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The LSU rDNA analysis grouped G. safiensis n. sp. with Tetrancistrum sp. from the gills of Siganus fuscescens Houttuyn from Australia, indicating a possible misidentification of the latter. Sequences of the SSU rDNA of the new species were most similar to those for Pseudohaliotrema sphincteroporus Yamaguti, 1953, demonstrating the close relatedness of the genera Pseudohaliotrema Yamaguti, 1953 and Glyphidohaptor Kritsky, Galli & Yang, 2007 within the Ancyrocephalidae. The comparison of the partial SSU (424 bp) and entire ITS1 and partial 5.8S rDNA (246 bp) sequences obtained for G. safiensis n. sp. with the only available sequence of another member of Glyphidohaptor Kritsky, Galli & Yang, 2007, G. pletocirra Paperna, 1972 (HE601931-HE601933) yielded on average 1.08% dissimilarity (a difference of 7 bases), with a p-distance of 0.010 ± 0.004%. This is the first record of a species of Glyphidohaptor from S. canaliculatus and from the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea.

     

Ten new species of Haliotrema (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) from Australian fish and a revision of the genus

Ten new species of Haliotrema from Australian fish are described and figured: H. cteno-chaeti sp. n. from Ctenochaetus strigosus; H. falcanalis sp. n. from Triacanthus falcanalis; H. lineate sp. n. from Acanthurus lineatus; H. chrysotaeniae sp. n. from Lutjanuschrysotaenia; H. cromileptis sp. n. from Cromileptis altivelis; H. epinepheli sp. n. from Epinephelus merra and E. fasciatus; H. holocentri sp. n. from Holocentrus ruber; Haliotrema chrysostomi sp. n. from Lethrinus chrysostomus and Plectorhinchus pictus; H. fleti sp. n. n. from L. fletus and L. chrysostomus; H. scari sp. N. from Scarus fasciatus.
H. dempsteri (Mizelle & Price, 1964) comb. n. from Acanthrus mata, A. dussumieri and A. xanthopterus: H. johnii (Tripathi, 1959) comb. n. from Lutjanus johni and L. fulviflamma: H. parahaliotrema (Mizelle & Price, 1964) comb. n. from Zebrasoma veliferum and A. grammoptilus: and H. obesa (Caballero, Bravo Hollis & Grocott, 1955) comb. n. from Tetraodon hispidus are redescribed and transferred from the genera Parahaliotrema Mizelle & Price, 1964, Ancyrocephalus Creplin, 1839, Parahaliotrema , and Tetrancistrum Goto & Kikuchi, 1917 respectively.
H. brevis (Mizelle & Price, 1964) comb, n. , H. canescens (Mizelle & Price, 1964) comb. n. and H. zanclus (Mizelle & Price, 1964) comb. n. are transferred from Pseudohaliotrema Yamaguti, 1953; H. eilatica (Paperna, 1965) comb. n. , H. teuthis (MacCallum, 1915) comb. n. , H. triacantha (Tripathi, 1959) comb. n. and H. lethrini (Yamaguti, 1937) comb. n. are transferred from Ancyrocephalus Creplin, 1839.
The generic diagnosis is emended to include the above-mentioned species and the taxonomy of the genus is discussed and the formation of six species groups is proposed.     

Heliconema minnanensis n. sp. (Physalopteroidae: Physalopteridae) and Raphidascaris trichiuri (Yin and Zhang) n. comb. (Ascaridoidea: Anisakidae) in marine fishes.

Heliconema minnanensis n. sp. is described from the Chiloscyllium plagiosum south of the Minnan-Taiwan Bank Fishing Ground, Taiwan Strait. It is characterized by having the following combination of features. There are no longitudinal ridges in the posterior part of the body; the male has 4 pairs of precloacal papillae and 6-7 pairs of postcloacal papillae. The right spicule averages 0.2 mm long (1.1% of body length), and the left spicule averages 1.2 mm long (5.6% of body length), making an average spicule ratio of 1:5.2. The female has a vulva located on the left side of a thick membrane and 56-65% of the body length from the anterior end. Raphidascaris trichiuri (Yin and Zhang, 1983) comb. n., known previously from males only, is transferred from Cloeoascaris and redescribed, including material of both sexes from Muraenesox cinereus from the type locality.     

Megalophallus deblocki n. sp. (Digenea: Microphallidae) from Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot) (Aves: Accipitridae) in Paraguay

A new species in the little-known digenean fauna of Paraguayan birds is described in detail, especially in relation to its terminal genitalia. The new form, Megalophallus deblocki n. sp., is a microphallid from the intestine of the snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot). It is differentiated in detail from its congeners, but differs mainly in having a substantially larger phallus (e.g. in relation to the ventral sucker), a smaller ventral sucker and smaller eggs. Comments are included on the functional morphology of the terminal genitalia.     

Carnoya kermarreci n.sp. (Rhigonematidae: Nematoda) from Anadenobolus politus (Porat) (Rhinocricidae: Diplopoda) from Guadeloupe

Summary Carnoya kermarreci n.sp. (Rhigonematidae; Nematoda) is described from Anadenobolus politus (Porat) (Rhinocricidae; Diplopoda) from Guadeloupe. The new species most closely resembles C. martiniquensis Adamson, 1984 from A. politus in Martinique and C. venezuelensis Adamson, 1984 from Rhinocricus flavocinctus from Venezuela in that the lips in the male are broad and the arrangement of caudal papillae is almost identical in the three species. Males of C. kermarreci are easily distinguished by the absence of spines, by the form of the cuticular projections at the base of the buccal cavity and by the fact that the most anterior pair of caudal papillae are located very close together. Females are distinguished by the presence of three pairs of somatic papillae near the level of the vulva. The nematode fauna of A. politus includes species from two distinct orders and presumably reflects the fact that diplopods are among the most ancient hosts of nematodes.     

Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) lanfrediae sp. nov. (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from the fish Satanoperca jurupari (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae)

Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) lanfrediae sp. nov. is described from the intestine of the freshwater fish Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel) (Cichlidae) from the Guamá River, state of Pará, Brazil. The prevalence in fish (n = 59) was 27% with intensity of one-124 (mean 16) nematodes per fish. The new species is characterized mainly by the markedly larger size of ventricular appendix in relation to the oesophagus, presence of short male caudal alae, 14-16 subventral pairs of preanal papillae and six pairs of postanal papillae.     

Dicyemennea canadensis n. sp. (phylum Dicyemida) from Bathypolypus arcticus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Octopoda)

Dicyemennea canadensis n. sp. is described from a bathyal octopus collected off Canada in the Bay of Fundy. The dicyemid is a small species that rarely exceeds 600 microm in length. The vermiform stages are further characterized as having 17-23 peripheral cells, a conical-shaped calotte, an axial cell that extends to the base of the propoplar cells, and no abortive axial cells. Infusoriform embryos consist of 37 cells. There is 1 nucleus in each urn cell, and refringent bodies are absent. This is the first dicyemid to be described from the cephalopod Bathypolypus arcticus (Prosch. 1847), and the first dicyemid reported from Canada. In addition, it is the first species of Dicyemennea from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean to be described.     

Rhabditis (Oscheius) pheropsophi n. sp. (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae)

Rhabditis (Oscheius) pheropsophi n. sp., associated with cadavers of the bombardier beetle, Pheropsophus aequinoctialis, is described from material collected in Brazil. Mean body length of the female is 1,217 μm, of the male 872 μm, and of the dauer juvenile 568 μm. The female has six lips with one papilla on each lateral lip and two on each sublateral lip; stoma wall thickened dorsally, metarhabdions with warts, excretory pore near base of esophagus, tail long (c = 8), and phasmids prominent, protruding on scanning electron microscope preparations. The male has 10 pairs of bursal ribs, with the terminal pair considerably smaller than the others; spicules fused distally two-thirds of their length. The new species can be distinguished from other members of the Dolichura-group by its fused spicules.     

Megalophallus deblocki n. sp. (Digenea: Microphallidae) from Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot) (Aves: Accipitridae) in Paraguay

A new species in the little-known digenean fauna of Paraguayan birds is described in detail, especially in relation to its terminal genitalia. The new form, Megalophallus deblocki n. sp., is a microphallid from the intestine of the snail kite Rostrhamus sociabilis (Vieillot). It is differentiated in detail from its congeners, but differs mainly in having a substantially larger phallus (e.g. in relation to the ventral sucker), a smaller ventral sucker and smaller eggs. Comments are included on the functional morphology of the terminal genitalia.     

Falcaustra greineri n. sp. (Nematoda: Kathlaniidae) from Orlitia borneensis (Testudines: Emydidae)

Falcaustra greineri n. sp. from the large intestine of the turtle Orlitia borneensis is described and illustrated. Falcaustra greineri represents the 23rd Oriental species assigned to this genus and is distinguished from other Oriental species by the distribution pattern of caudal papillae (6 preanal, 0 adanal, 14 postanal, and 1 median), length of spicules (1.07-1.33 mm), and absence of pseudosucker.     

Leucocytozoon muscicapa n. sp. (Leucocytozoidae: Apicomplexa) from the pied flycatcherFicedula hypoleuca (Pallas) (Passeriformes: Muscicapinae)

Leucocytozoon muscicapa n. sp. is described from the pied flycatcherFicedula hypoleuca (Pallas) (Passeriformes: Muscicapinae) from Finland and compared with other leucocytozoids of the family Muscicapidae.     

Cryptosporidium suis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in pigs (Sus scrofa)

Molecular and biological characteristics of a new species of Cryptosporidium from the feces of pigs (Sus scrofa) is described. Oocysts are structurally indistinguishable from those of Cryptosporidium parvum; they are passed fully sporulated, lack sporocysts, and measure 4.9-4.4 microm (mean = 4.6 microm) x 4.0-4.3 microm (mean = 4.2 microm); length to width ratio 1.1 (n = 50). Cryptosporidium suis is not transmissible to nude mice and is poorly infectious for cattle. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses at the 18S ribosomal RNA, heat shock protein 70, and actin gene loci demonstrate C. suis to be genetically distinct from all known species and genotypes of Cryptosporidium, and thus is named as Cryptosporidium suis.     

Ascogregarina saraviae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Lecudinidae) in Lutzomyia lichyi (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Ascogregarina saraviae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Lecudinidae) is described from wild-caught Lutzomyia lichyi (Diptera: Psychodidae) females. Gametocysts adhered to the hemocoel side of the genital accessory gland walls and oocysts were injected into their lumina. Sporulated oocysts were ellipsoidal, 12.4 x 5.8 (11.6-13.1 x 5.6-5.9) micrometers, contained eight sporozoites and a refractile residuum. The elongate form of A. saraviae n. sp. oocysts, and their more delicate walls, clearly distinguish them from oocysts of A. chagasi (Adler & Mayrink, 1961).     

Allocreadium pichi n. sp. (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) in Galaxias maculatus (Osteichthyes: Galaxiidae) from Lake Moreno in Patagonia (Argentina)

Allocreadium pichi n. sp. (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) is described from the intestine of Galaxias maculatus (Osteichthyes: Galaxiidae) from Moreno Lake in Patagonia, `Argentina. This species is distinguished from A. patagonicum Shimazu, Urawa &; Coria, 2000, the other species recorded in the area, by its smaller body size, the diagonal position of the testes and different ratios of the suckers, testes and cirrus-sac in relation to body size. In addition, the synonymy of A. patagonicum withPolylekithum percai Ostrowski de Núñez, Brugni &; Viozzi, 2000 is proposed herein.     

Wakubitinema toyamai n. gen. and n. sp. (Nematoda: Seuratoidea: Quimperiidae) from the intestine of Rana (Limnonectes) Namiyei (Amphibia: Ranidae) on Okinawa Island, Japan

Wakubitinema n. gen. (Nematoda: Seuratoidea: Quimperiidae: Quimperiinae) is erected for Wakubitinema toyamai n. sp. from the small intestine of Rana (Limnonectes) namiyei Stejneger, 1901, on Okinawa Island, Japan. Wakubitinema resembles Paraquimperia Baylis, 1934, and Desmognathinema Baker et al., 1987, but is readily distinguished from the former genus by the distinctly divided esophagus and the absence of cervical flanges and lateral alae, and from the latter genus by the postesophageal position of the excretory pore and cervical papillae and the presence of preanal unpaired papilla in males. Close morphological similarities between Wakubitinema and Paraquimperia may suggest that Wakubitinema has evolved from a quimperiid fish.     

Neobrachiella kabatai n. sp. (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae) parasitic on Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier) (Osteichthyes: Pomadasyidae) from Peruvian waters

Neobrachiella kabatai n. sp., parasitic on the pomadasyid fish Isacia conceptionis (Cuvier) from the Peruvian central coast, is described and illustrated. The new species differs from other species of Neobrachiella in a combination of characters, including the number of trunk posterior processes and the trunkcephalothorax length ratio.     

Allassogonoporus callosciuri n. sp. (Digenea: Allassogonoporidae) from the plantain squirrel Callosciurus notatus (Boddaert) (Rodentia: Sciuridae) in Borneo

A new digenean, Allassogonoporus callosciuri n. sp. from the plantain squirrel Callosciurus notatus from the Malaysian state of Sarawak, Borneo, is described. The new species differs from: A. amphoraeformis by the size of the ventral sucker and the position of the vitellarium and uterus; and from A. marginalis by the smaller oral sucker, the position of the testes and vitellarium; from A. vespertilionis by the position of the vitellarium, testes and ovary; from A. asymmetrica by the position of the testes and uterus. Gilford's (1955) and Dubois' (1963) opinions on the synonymy of Allassogonoporus and Myotitrema is supported. No representatives of the family Allassogonoporidae have been reported previously from sciurids or South-East Asia.     

Durettechina beveridgei n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Seuratidae) from Antechinus spp. (Dasyuridae: Marsupialia) from Australia

Durettechina beveridgei n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Seuratidae) is described from Antechinus flavipes (Dasyuridae) from Victoria and New South Wales. A single female from A. bellus from the Northern Territory may also be D. beveridgei. This new genus is compared with other genera of the Echinonematinae, to which it has been assigned. The genus has a unique body armature and most closely resembles Chabaudechina, in the armature of the cephalic bulb, but has four rather than five rows of hooks, and Linstowinema, in having body hooks on the cuticle of the anterior region, but has 18–22 hooks in each row rather than 14–16. The hooks of Durettechina are also smaller and have a less complex root morphology than those of Linstowinema. Durettechina resembles Seurechina and Chabaudechina in having caudal alae into which papillae extend, but differs from both these genera in the number and arrangement of the caudal papillae, as well as in the body armature. Durettechina, is most different from Bainechina, which has neither hooks on a cephalic bulb nor body hooks on the anterior region nor caudal alae.